输注硫酸镁减少术后病人自控镇痛曲马朵用药量

目的探讨静脉滴注硫酸镁与术后PCA镇痛效果间的关系。方法采用随机、双盲方法将40例择期上腹部手术病人分为两组,分别静脉注射硫酸镁和生理盐水。并对两组间术后VSA分数、术后24h曲马朵用量、镇痛效果与不良反应进行分析比较。结果镁离子组术后24h曲马朵用量明显低于对照组,两组间镇痛效果及不良反应发生率无明显差异。结论术后行PCA时加用硫酸镁可加强PCA镇痛药的效果,减少术后PCA镇痛药用量。     

曲马多与氟哌利多复合用于术后患者自控镇痛的临床研究

 目的比较术后患者自控镇痛(PCA)单纯用曲马多与曲马多加氟哌利多的镇痛效果和不良反应.方法对80例择期手术患者进行随机、双盲研究,将其分成2组:单纯曲马多组(Ⅰ组)40例,PCA单次给药量曲马多2 ml;曲马多+氟哌利多组(Ⅱ组)40例,PCA单次给药量曲马多+氟哌利多2 ml;锁定时间均为30 min.于术后24、48h分别观察患者的血压、心率、呼吸频率、疼痛评分(VAS)、恶心、呕吐、镇静评分、复视、眩晕、口干和出汗等不良反应.结果两组患者的VAS评分相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Ⅱ组患者恶心、呕吐的发生率明显低于Ⅰ组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);两组之间镇静等不良反应、按压次数、镇痛药物用量以及生命体征差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论术后PCA采用曲马多复合氟哌利多可提供与单纯曲马多同样的镇痛效果,但恶心、呕吐明显降低,并且不增加镇静效果.术后PCA采用曲马多复合氟哌利多效果优于单纯曲马多.     

芬太尼与曲马多术后镇痛的比较

目的：观察曲马多与芬太尼静脉PCA用于腹部手术病例术后镇痛的疗效、安全性及不良反应。方法：100例腹部手术病例随机分为芬太尼组（A组）和曲马多组B组）,每组各50例。镇痛开始后4,8、12、24、36和48h记录疼痛VAS评分、镇静程度评分、PcA按压次数、药物用量;记录不良反应发生例数。结果：两组疼痛评分、按压次数、镇静评分差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：芬太尼与曲马多静脉PCA均可安全、有效地应用病人术后镇痛。     

右美托咪定股神经阻滞对TKA术后镇痛的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因超前镇痛对全膝关节置换术(TKA)后的镇痛效果。方法 62例拟行单侧TKA的手术患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组31例。患肢股神经置管成功后,观察组注入0.5%罗哌卡因15~20 ml+盐酸右美托咪定0.75μg/kg,对照组仅给予0.5%罗哌卡因15~20 ml,然后接0.2%罗哌卡因患者自控镇痛(PCA)泵连续股神经镇痛。观察两组术后镇痛的VAS评分、镇静Ramsay评分以及平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)的变化,术后48 h内有效按压次数和曲马多用量以及不良反应的情况。结果 观察组24 h内VAS评分、术后48 h内有效按压次数和曲马多用量均小于对照组(P<0.05),其他指标两组间无明显差异。结论 右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞超前镇痛,能增加TKA术后股神经阻滞的镇痛效果。     

不同给药方式的托烷司琼预防肝脏手术后曲马多静脉镇痛恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的 观察不同剂量和给药方式的托烷司琼对减轻肝脏手术后曲马多静脉镇痛(PCA)期间恶心呕吐发生率的比较.方法 150例肝脏手术患者,ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,随机分为5组,术后行曲马多静脉镇痛(PCIA).Ⅰ组不用托烷司琼;Ⅱ组术毕静注5 mg 托烷司琼;Ⅲ组术毕静注2.5 mg 托烷司琼,PCA 泵内加托烷司琼2.5 mg;Ⅳ组术毕PCA泵内加托烷司琼5mg;Ⅴ组术毕PCA泵内加托烷司琼10 mg.观察术后2、24、48 h 患者恶心呕吐的发生率.结果 Ⅱ组~Ⅴ组和Ⅰ组比较, 2、24 h 和48 h 时恶心呕吐发生率显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组~Ⅴ组和Ⅱ组比较,术后48 h 时的恶心呕吐发生率显著低于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组之间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 不同剂量和给药方式的托烷司琼都能显著地减轻肝脏手术后曲马多静脉镇痛的恶心呕吐发生率.托烷司琼加入PCA泵内持续泵入,48h时的止吐效果要好于术后单纯静脉推注.     

硬膜外吗啡超前镇痛联合静脉自控镇痛在下肢骨科手术的应用

 目的 观察硬膜外吗啡超前镇痛与静脉自控镇痛联合用于下肢手术的镇痛效果及不良反应.方法 择期行下肢骨科手术患者40例,随机分为静脉自控镇痛组(Ⅰ组)和硬膜外吗啡超前镇痛与静脉自控镇痛联合组(Ⅱ组).统计两组术后4、12、24、48 h各时间点的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分及镇痛满意率,并记录按PCA键总次数(D1)、有效按压次数(D2),以及术后不良反应.结果 术后4、12、24hⅡ组VAS明显低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05);术后4、12、24、48 h两组的镇静评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05);镇痛满意率Ⅱ组(95％)大于Ⅰ组(70％,P ＜0.05);D1/D2Ⅱ组小于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 硬膜外吗啡超前镇痛与静脉自控镇痛联合用于下肢手术镇痛效果更为理想.     

曲马多配合小剂量纳洛酮在患者静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）中的临床效果观察

目的：总结曲马多配合小剂量纳洛酮的静脉自控镇痛效果,为静脉自控镇痛用药提供参考建议。方法选择普外科择期手术治疗的102例患者作为研究对象,根据术后镇痛方案分为观察组（曲马多配合小剂量纳洛酮）和对照组（仅用曲马多）各51例,比较两组VAS评分及不良反应情况。结果观察组术后VAS评分及不良反应发生率（15.67％）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论曲马多配合小剂量纳洛酮能够明显改善静脉自控镇痛效果,降低药物不良反应发生率。     

连续臂丛神经阻滞与静脉自控镇痛与上肢术后镇痛的比较

目的观察比较连续臂丛神经阻滞与静脉自控镇痛在上肢术后的镇痛效果和不良反应。方法随机将120例ASAI或II级择期上肢手术患者术后镇痛分为连续肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞（60例）和静脉自控镇痛（60例）两组,观察比较两组术后4h、8h、12h的VAS评分、镇痛效果、不良反应。结果连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛组的VAS评分、镇痛效果、不良反应均明显优于静脉自控镇痛。结论连续肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞用于上肢术后镇痛是一种安全有效的方式,优于静脉自控镇痛。     

氯诺昔康联合吗啡或曲马多肌注对术后镇痛的影响

目的观察氯诺昔康联合吗啡或曲马多肌注对术后镇痛的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期全麻下行妇科剖腹手术的患者36例,随机分为氯诺昔康+吗啡组(LM组)、氯诺昔康+曲马多组(LT组)及对照组(C组),每组12例。手术结束麻醉苏醒前三组分别肌注氯诺昔康8 mg﹢吗啡5 mg、氯诺昔康8 mg﹢曲马多50 mg、等容量的生理盐水。观察术后1、2、4、8、24 h时的视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Ramsay镇静评分,8 h内的PCA有效按压次数及不良反应发生率。结果 LM组和LT组患者术后1、2、4 h的VSA评分明显优于C组(P<0.01),8 h的VSA评分仍优于C组(P<0.05),8 h内PCA按压次数明显少于C组(P<0.01)。LM组术后2 h的Ramsay评分高于C组(P<0.01)和LT组(P<0.05),LT组高于C组(P<0.05)。LM组和LT组术后8 h内恶心发生率均为66.7%、明显高于C组的25%(P<0.01),但LT组呕吐发生率为50%、明显高于C组的16.7%(P<0.01)和LM组的33.3%(P<0.05),均未见呼吸抑制及SpO2下降。结论氯诺昔康联合吗啡或曲马多肌注可有效抑制手术后4 h内的疼痛,减少术后8h内PCA的按压次数及不良反应发生率。     

术前镇痛对妇科腹腔镜术后自控镇痛效果影响的观察

目的：观察术前镇痛对妇科腹腔镜术后自控镇痛效果的影响。方法：选择在全身麻醉下行妇科腹腔镜择期手术60例,随机分为观察组与对照组各30例;观察组切皮前15min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,对照组切皮前15min静脉注射生理盐水2m1;两组术后镇痛均采用舒芬太尼镇痛泵自控镇痛。于术后2h、4h、8h、12h、24h、48h观察患者视觉模拟评分（VAS）、镇静评分（Ram—say）、48h内患者静脉自控镇痛（PCA）按压次数、患者总体满意度及不良反应发生情况等。结果：（1）两组患者术后镇痛效果均确切可靠,术后2h、4h、8h、12h、24h和48h的VAS和Ramsay分值均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。（2）观察组术后PCA总按压次数为（3．93±1．388）次、舒芬太尼用量（97．37±2．776）μg,显著低于对照组的（10．43±1.960）次和（106．85±2．919）μg（P〈0．05）。（3）观察组术后镇痛总体满意度为90．0％,显著高于对照组的73．3％。（4）两组均无严重呼吸抑制反应发生;对照组术后出现恶心7例、呕吐4例、嗜睡2例,观察组仅出现嗜睡3例及恶心1例。结论：术前镇痛能够显著提高妇科腹腔镜术后自控镇痛效果,且不良反应发生率较低。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.