心理护理干预对急性心肌梗死患者的护理效果

目的探讨心理护理干预对急性心肌梗死患者的护理效果。方法所选的急性心肌梗死患者均为2011年2月至2013年2月期间病例,共66例。上述患者均符合急性心肌梗死诊断标准,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予常规心肌梗死护理干预(简单健康宣教、嘱咐患者充分休息、根据病情改善适当活动、出院指导等)。观察组患者同时给予心理护理干预。观察组患者和对照组患者在护理干预前和护理干预后14 d进行焦虑抑郁情绪评分,所选用的评定量表分别为焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表。结果观察组患者干预前焦虑自评量表评分和抑郁自评量表评分分别和对照组干预前的焦虑自评量表评分和抑郁自评量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组护理干预后的焦虑自评量表评分和抑郁自评量表评分分别与干预前焦虑自评量表评分和抑郁自评量表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组干预后的焦虑自评量表评分和抑郁自评量表评分分别和对照组干预后的焦虑自评量表评分和抑郁自评量表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理护理干预能够显著改善急性心肌梗死患者的焦虑抑郁情绪,利于临床治疗,提高治疗效果,值得借鉴。     

手术室人文关怀护理对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者术后焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的 探讨手术室人文关怀护理服务在直肠癌根治术中应用对患者术后焦虑抑郁情绪的影响.方法 直肠癌需行根治术治疗患者200例,按入院先后顺序分为2组,设置为观察组和对照组,每组100例;观察组予以手术室人文关怀护理服务,对照组予以传统手术室护理干预,比较2组护理后生命体征指标(心率、收缩压、舒张压)、术中和术后指标(手术时间、肠道恢复时间、首次肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、引流管拔除时间、住院时间)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、并发症以及满意度情况.结果 观察组护理后心率、收缩压和舒张压低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后手术时间、肠道恢复时间、首次肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、引流管拔除时间和住院时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后SDS评分、SAS评分和HAMA评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后总并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理后非常满意率和总满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 手术室人文关怀护理服务在直肠癌根治术中应用临床效果较好,手术时间更短,术后恢复快,焦虑抑郁程度低,并发症少,满意度较高,推荐临床推广应用.     

康复期精神分裂症患者焦虑抑郁情绪护理干预应用临床效果

目的 探讨护理干预对于康复期精神分裂症患者焦虑抑郁情绪的临床改善效果.方法 选取我院精神科2010年5月至2012年1月收治精神分裂症康复期患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,其中对照组60例,采用常规精神科护理措施;护理干预组60例,采用焦虑抑郁情绪综合护理干预措施;比较两组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分,焦虑状态评定量表(STAl)评分等.结果 两组患者干预前焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);两组患者干预后焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分较干预前均显著改善,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且护理干预组患者干预后焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分改善明显优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05);两组患者干预前焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者干预后焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分较干预前均显著改善,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且护理干预组患者干预后焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分改善明显优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 护理干预对于康复期精神分裂症患者焦虑抑郁情绪的临床改善效果确切,能够显著缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪.     

心理护理干预在血液透析患者中的护理干预效果分析

目的探讨心理护理干预在血液透析患者中的护理干预效果。方法 100例血液透析患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上同时行心理护理干预。评定两组护理干预前后焦虑抑郁情绪情况。结果观察组患者中对护理表示舒适度高的患者共48例（占96.0%）,对照组患者中对护理表示舒适度高的患者共40例（占80.0%）。观察组中对护理表示舒适度高的患者所占比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患者护理干预前后的抑郁焦虑情绪评分差值分别和对照组的评分差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论心理护理在血液透析患者中起着重要作用,能够安抚患者情绪,改善焦虑抑郁情绪,提高治疗积极性,提高护理舒适度。     

音乐疗法对手术患者焦虑和抑郁的缓解作用

目的探讨音乐疗法对手术患者焦虑和抑郁的缓解作用。方法选择我院2010年1月至2012年12月收治住院符合入组标准的手术患者200例进行分组,每组100例,对照组采用常规治疗护理,观察组患者在常规治疗护理基础上采用音乐疗法进行干预。采用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)、流行病调查中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、疼痛评分量表(NRS)对治疗前后患者焦虑、抑郁、疼痛进行评估。结果两组患者干预前焦虑、抑郁及疼痛评分均高于正常值,且干预前两组患者焦虑、抑郁及疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者干预后STAI评分与干预前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者干预后STAI评分与对照组干预后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后CESD、NRS评分与干预前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者干预后CESD、NRS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论音乐疗法对手术患者焦虑和抑郁患者作用明显,可在临床推广使用。     

手术室护理工作中应用护理干预效果观察

目的 研究分析手术室护理工作中应用护理干预的效果.方法 选取我院于2010年6月至2011年8月收治的53例手术患者的临床资料,将其按照随机分组的方式分为干预组和对照组,干预组28例患者在手术室护理工作中实施护理干预,对照组25例患者在手术室护理工作中只进行常规护理,观察两组患者焦虑情绪的改善及患者在手术室的配合情况.结果 两组患者实施护理干预前心理焦虑情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患者实施干预后与干预比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者实施护理后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者手术室配合情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在手术室护理中实施护理干预可有效改善患者焦虑情况,提高患者的配合度,值得推广.     

心理干预对胃癌手术患者护理效果观察

目的：探讨心理干预在胃癌手术患者中的护理效果。方法：选择我院胃癌手术患者共50例,根据随机原则被划分为观察组和对照组各25例。对照组给予一般护理,观察组在一般护理实施基础上行心理护理干预。护理干预过程中观察患者焦虑情绪改善情况,并采用焦虑自评量表进行评定（对护理干预前和干预后进行评定）;护理干预后应用自行设计的护理满意度调查问卷对患者进行调查。结果：观察组患者干预前的焦虑自评量表评分结果和对照组干预前的焦虑自评量表评分结果比较,前者和后者无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组护理干预后进行的焦虑自评量表评分结果和对照组干预后的焦虑自评量表评分结果比较,前者低于后者（P〈0.05）。观察组和对照组护理满意度分别为96.0%和68.0%;二者经统计学检验后有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：心理护理干预后胃癌手术患者的焦虑情绪被改善,患者对护理措施的满意度提高,值得借鉴。     

舒适护理在重症胰腺炎病人胃肠减压期间的应用效果

目的 探讨舒适护理在重症胰腺炎病人胃肠减压期间的应用效果。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年1月的在牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院普外二科住院治疗的80例重症胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组采用胃肠减压辅助护理,观察组采用胃肠减压辅助护理联合舒适护理。比较两组患者的干预前后心境状态量表（POMS）评分、干预前后自我感觉舒适度评分、护理中不良反应发生率以及护理满意度。结果 干预前两组患者的紧张和焦虑、精力和活力、疲劳和迟钝、慌乱与迷茫、抑郁和气馁情绪表现评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。干预后两组患者的紧张和焦虑、精力和活力、疲劳和迟钝、慌乱与迷茫、抑郁和气馁情绪表现评分均低于干预前,且观察组各项评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预前两组患者的自我感觉舒适度评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后两组患者自我感觉舒适度评分高于干预前,且观察组自我感觉舒适度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者护理中不良反应总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0....     

运动疗法结合护理干预对维持性血液透析营养状态及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨运动疗法结合护理干预对维持性血液透析营养状态及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2017年2月—2019年2月维持血液透析患者82例,按随机数字表法分为两组,每组41例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予运动疗法结合护理干预,对比两组干预前后的营养状态、生活质量及负性情绪水平。结果:两组干预前营养状态评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后观察组营养状态评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后观察组心理状态、物质生活、躯体功能、社会能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组干预前负性情绪评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后观察组焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:运动疗法结合护理干预可改善维持性血液透析患者的营养状态,缓解负性情绪,利于提高患者生活质量。     

系统护理心理干预对无抽搐电休克治疗患者焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的探讨护理心理干预对MECT患者情绪的影响。方法将2016年3~7月在我院住院的94例行MECT患者随机分成实验组与对照组,每组47例;对照组予普通常规护理,实验组在常规护理的基础上增加系统护理心理干预2个月;干预前后采用自编的护理满意度调查表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)调查家属对护理满意度及两组患者的焦虑抑郁情绪进行评定,并分析结果。结果干预前两组患者的SAS、SDS评分及家属对护理满意度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后实验组患者的SAS、SDS评分低于对照组、家属对护理满意度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后实验组患者的SAS、SDS评分低于干预前、家属对护理满意度高于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组患者干预前后SAS、SDS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论系统护理心理干预有助于缓解行MECT治疗患者的负性情绪,提高护理质量。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.