红细胞分布宽度及高敏C反应蛋白与行冠状动脉介入治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征患者出现对比剂肾病相关性研究

目的:探讨红细胞分布宽度及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)对行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者出现对比剂相关性肾病的预测价值。方法:收集我院2012-03至2014-03因ACS入院、急诊行PCI的421例患者,根据血清肌酐水平分为两组,对比剂肾病组(n=46)及非对比剂肾病组(n=375)。对比剂肾病定义为PCI后72 h内血肌酐水平增幅≥0.5 mg/ml或较入院基线水平升高25%以上。结果:本次研究中出现对比剂肾病患者为46例(10.9%)。对比剂肾病组的红细胞分布宽度、血肌酐水平、hs-CRP较非对比剂肾病组升高,差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析表明基线红细胞分布宽度[比值比(OR):2.522,95%可信区间(CI):1.686~3.771,P<0.001],hs-CRP水平(OR:1.304,95%CI:1.117~1.521,P<0.001),年龄(P=0.002)和血肌酐水平(P<0.001)是对比剂肾病的独立相关因子。结论:红细胞分布宽度、hs-CRP、年龄及基础肾功能对ACS患者行PCI后出现对比剂肾病有预测作用。     

红细胞分布宽度及hs-CRP与行PCI治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征患者对比剂肾病相关性研究

【摘要】目的：对急性冠状动脉综合征患者行冠状动脉介入治疗后出现对比剂肾病进行研究，探讨其与红细胞分布宽度及高敏C反应蛋白之间的相关性。方法：抽取2012年5月-2015年7月本院接诊的300例急性冠状动脉综合征的患者作为研究对象，所有患者均行冠状动脉介入治疗，其中70例出现对比剂肾病，作为观察组；另230例未出现对比剂肾病，作为对照组。对患者进行生化指标的检查，分别观察红细胞分布宽度、高敏C反应蛋白等指标的变化情况。结果：两组患者的血肌酐、尿酸、血红蛋白、红细胞分布宽度以及高敏C反应蛋白的指标差异显著（P＜0.05）。观察组患者的造影剂用量明显高于对照组，且慢性完全闭塞的发生率31.5%显著低于对照组的13.7%，组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。经Logistic回归性分析，血肌酐、尿酸、血红蛋白、红细胞分布宽度、高敏C反应蛋白以及慢性完全闭塞病变与对比剂肾病的发生显著相关（P＜0.05），其中血肌酐、红细胞分布宽度以及高敏C反应蛋白为对比剂肾病的独立危险因素。结论：红细胞分布宽度及高敏C反应蛋白与行冠状动脉介入治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征患者出现对比剂肾病的情况有着密切的关联性，两者均为对比剂肾病的独立危险因素，可作为预测该疾病的主要指标。     

胱抑素C对冠状动脉介入治疗术后对比剂肾病的预测价值

目的 评价血清胱抑素C（Cys C）对冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后对比剂肾病的预测价值.方法 将我院2011年6月～2012年12月行PCI术的患者428例,按是否发生对比剂肾病分为对比剂肾病组和非对比剂肾病组,比较两组术前、术后48小时Cys C和血肌酐（Scr）水平变化;应用ROC曲线评价Cys C对对比剂肾病的早期诊断价值;运用KaPlan-Meier法分析高Cys C水平组的主要不良事件累计发生率;采用多因素Logistic回归分析法评估PCI术后对比剂肾病的相关影响因素.结果 对比剂肾病发生率为4.9％,对比剂肾病组术后48小时Cys C较术前明显升高,且与Scr呈现明显的正相关.ROC分析结果显示,术后48小时Cys C较Scr存在更好的ROC曲线下面积,根据Youden评价指数得出其最佳诊断阈值点为1.36 mg/L. KaPlan-Meier法分析显示,术后48小时Cys C＞1.36 mg/L的患者6个月主要不良事件累计发生率明显高于Cys C＜1.36mg/L的患者;多因素Logistic回归分析相关影响因素发现,年龄、糖尿病、基础Cys C水平、对比剂用量等4因素为PCI术后对比剂肾病的临床危险因素.结论 造影后48小时的血清Cys C浓度对对比剂肾病的早期诊断价值优于Scr,且对预后的预测价值较好;年龄、糖尿病、基础Cys C水平和对比剂用量为PCI术后发生对比剂肾病的临床危险因素.     

微量清蛋白尿对冠状动脉介入诊疗术后对比剂肾病的预测作用

目的:探讨微量清蛋白尿(MAU)是否对冠状动脉介入诊疗术后发生对比剂肾病(CIN)的发生有预测作用。方法:筛选183例择期冠状动脉造影(CAG)术或经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术患者,收集其临床相关数据。所有患者分别于术前、术后48 h检测胱抑素C(Cys C),根据术前、术后Cys C变化分为CIN和非CIN 2组,分析CIN发生情况及相关危险因素。结果:CIN总发生率为9.8%(18/183)。与非CIN组比较,CIN组中年龄≥75岁老年患者、急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)、行PCI术及存在MAU的患者明显居多,术前估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)较低,术前血肌酐、Cys C、尿酸以及对比剂剂量/eGFR比值较高。多因素Logistic回归分析显示术前Cys C和MAU是CIN发生的独立危险因素。糖尿病患者CIN的发生率随着尿清蛋白肌酐比值(UACR)升高而显著升高。结论:术前Cys C和MAU是预测冠状动脉介入治疗术后CIN发生的主要因素。糖尿病患者的UACR水平可预测术后CIN的发生。     

肾功能正常或轻度损害的急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后发生对比剂肾病的危险因素分析

目的:研究肾功能正常或轻度损害[估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)]的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后对比剂肾病的发生率,分析对比剂肾病发病的危险因素及主要不良心血管事件。方法:回顾2013-06至2015-06在第二炮兵总医院心血管内科行PCI的eGFR≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m2)的ACS患者254例。依据对比剂肾病定义[血清肌酐水平升高0.5 mg/dl(44.2μmol/L)或比基础值升高25%]分为对比剂肾病组(n=23)和非对比剂肾病组(n=231),记录所有患者的基线资料、实验室指标和手术指标,计算eGFR值。结果:254例eGFR≥60 ml/(min·1.73 m2)的ACS患者PCI术后23例发生对比剂肾病,发生率为9%。多元Logistic回归分析显示:急诊PCI(OR=0.370,95%CI:0.060~2.297)、N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)水平(OR=4.209,95%CI:1.202~14.742)和既往未规律服用阿司匹林(OR=7.950,95%CI:1.108~57.034)是对比剂肾病发生的危险因素。结论:肾功能正常或轻度损害的ACS患者PCI术后对比剂肾病发生的危险因素是急诊PCI、NT-proBNP升高和既往未规律服用阿司匹林。     

冠状动脉介入术导致对比剂肾病危险因素分析

目的探讨冠状动脉介入术患者对比剂肾病的危险因素。方法收集我院2008年1月~2009年12月期间住院的172例接受冠状动脉介入术患者的临床资料,比较对比剂使用剂量,测定介入治疗前后血清肌酐,分析发生对比剂肾病危险因素。结果 172例患者发生对比剂肾病32例,发生率18.61%(32/172),肾小球滤过率>60 mL/min患者发生对比剂肾病21例(13%),肾小球滤过率<60 mL/min患者发生对比剂肾病19例(40%)(P<0.001),年龄≥75岁、3支病变、左心室射血分数<40%、血清肌酐>133μmol/L及对比剂剂量>300 mL与对比剂肾病相关(P<0.001)。糖尿病或高血压合并肾功能不全对比剂肾病发病率高于单纯糖尿病或高血压患者(P<0.01)。结论介入治疗术前肾功能受损及其损害程度是术后出现对比剂肾病的最主要危险因素,肾功能不全、年龄≥75岁、多支冠状动脉病变、左心室射血分数<40%、对比剂剂量>300 mL均为对比剂肾病的独立危险因素。糖尿病或高血压病合并肾功能不全可以增加对比剂肾病的临床风险。     

非酒精性脂肪肝与急诊PCI术后对比剂肾病的相关性

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后对比剂肾病(CIN)发生的相关性。方法连续入选我院2014年3月至2016年5月行急诊PCI患者的临床资料。根据超声诊断结果,将患者分为NAFLD组和非NAFLD组。CIN定义为应用对比剂48~72 h内血清肌酐较基础值升高≥44.2μmol/L,或较基础值升高≥25%。分析两组患者基线资料、术前和术后尿素氮、血肌酐、估算的肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、对比剂用量、冠状动脉病变特点,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析AMI患者PCI术后发生CIN的危险因素。结果 261例AMI患者急诊PCI术后有43(16.5%)例发生CIN。NAFLD组发生CIN的比例显著高于非NAFLD组[23.93%(28/117)比10.42%(15/144),P=0.003]。院内不良事件比较,NAFLD组急性心力衰竭发生比例较高(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,NAFLD(OR=2.18)、糖尿病(OR=2.42)、对比剂用量(OR=2.44)是PCI术后发生CIN的危险因素。结论 NAFLD可能增加AMI患者急诊PCI术后发生CIN的风险。     

老年糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗后造影剂肾病发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨非离子型造影剂对于老年糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后造影剂肾病(CIN)发生的影响,筛选可能的危险因素。方法选取行PCI治疗的134例老年糖尿病合并ACS患者(年龄≥65岁),选择同期无糖尿病的145例老年PCI患者进行对比,比较两组患者的年龄、术前脑钠尿肽、射血分数、25-羟维生素D、估算的肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、血白蛋白等。应用多因素Logistic回归分析筛查可能的危险因素。结果 134例老年糖尿病PCI患者发生造影剂肾病17例,发生率为12.6%,无糖尿病的145例老年PCI患者发生造影剂肾病13例,发生率8.9%,两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组之间性别、围手术期用药中ACEI/ARB比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);糖尿病组术前BNP、纤维蛋白原、血小板体积分布宽度高于非糖尿病组,25-羟维生素D低于非糖尿病组(P0.05)。对老年糖尿病合并ACS患者PCI后发生造影剂肾病行Loistic回归分析显示,纤维蛋白原、25-羟维生素D进入回归方程,为造影剂肾病发生的危险因素,术前纤维蛋白原升高增加造影剂肾病的发病风险(OR=3.403,95%CI:1.353~6.845,P=0.007),25-羟维生素D降低使造影剂肾病发生风险显著增加(OR=0.485,95%CI:0.282~0.833,P=0.009)。结论术前纤维蛋白原升高、25-羟维生素D下降使老年糖尿病合并ACS患者PCI术后造影剂肾病发生风险增加。     

糖尿病下肢血管成形术后患者对比剂肾病的发生率与危险因素分析

目的探究糖尿病下肢血管成形术后患者对比剂肾病(CIN)的发生率与危险因素。方法选取该院2017年1—6月期间收治的行下肢动脉造影检查或(和)腔内血管成形术治疗的96例下肢动脉病变患者作为研究对象。将所有患者分成糖尿病组(n=61)、非糖尿病组(n=35)。对比、分析两组患者的基础资料、术中对比剂用量、术前血红蛋白浓度、血糖、血脂谱、血肌酐水平及术后48 h血肌酐水平。结果糖尿病组患者年龄大于非糖尿病组,糖尿病组患者血红蛋白浓度低于非糖尿组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。糖尿病组患者中,基线肾功能减退亚组患者的对比刺用量少于肾功能正常亚组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者对比剂肾病的发生率,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究发现,对比剂肾病发生的独立危险因素为血红蛋白浓度。结论糖尿病患者血红蛋白浓度与对比剂肾病呈正相关,同时采取有效预防措施控制对比剂用量,能够降低糖尿病患者下肢动脉造影和经皮腔内血管成形术后对比剂肾病的发生风险。     

糖尿病合并冠心病冠脉介入后造影剂肾病相关因素的研究

目的研究糖尿病合并冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)治疗后发生造影剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素。方法在广东省人民医院选取2008年11月至2009年12月糖尿病合并冠心病患者行PCI患者383例。根据术后血清肌酐变化情况分为两组,即造影剂肾病组(CIN组)60例,非造影剂肾病组(非CIN组)323例,回顾性调查分析两组患者的临床资料,应用Logistic回归分析发生造影剂肾病的危险因素。结果 383例患有糖尿病合并冠心病并行PCI术患者中,术后有60例发生CIN,CIN的发生率为15.67%;应用Logistic回归分析发现术后发生CIN的危险因素为肾功能不全(P<0.01,OR=6.033)、手术前后使用速尿(P<0.01,OR=4.443)和高血压(P=0.001,OR=3.693)。结论肾功能不全,手术前后使用速尿和高血压是糖尿病合并冠心病患者PCI治疗后发生造影剂肾病的危险因素。在进行PCI治疗前后应进行充分的水化治疗并且做好预防护理措施。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.