Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后谵妄危险因素的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析了解Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者发生术后谵妄（POD）的危险因素。方法 计算机检索中国学术期刊全文数据库、万方数字化期刊全文数据库、维普期刊资源整合服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library及Embase数据库，检索时限均为建库至2022年2月14日，使用RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入11篇文献，POD组506例，非POD组945例，样本量合计1 451例。研究共发现20项相关危险因素，有统计学意义的危险因素包括脑卒中病史（95%CI=2.76～5.87,P <0.01）、术后氧合指数低（95%CI=-7.36～-2.40,P <0.01）、机械通气时间（95%CI=6.74～19.24,P <0.01）、术后电解质紊乱（95%CI=2.78～5.01,P <0.01）及咪达唑仑用量（95%CI=12.25～16.84,P <0.01）。结论合并脑卒中病史、术后氧合指数低、机械通气时间长、术后电解质紊乱及咪达唑仑用量大是Stanford A型...     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后感染的危险因素分析

目的 分析急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后感染的危险因素。 方法 分析2017年6月～2019年12月本院收治的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层接受外科手术治疗的患者（n = 104）,根据术后是否发生感染,将患者分为非感染组(n = 35)和感染组(n = 69)。 结果 与非感染组相比,感染组术前体温明显升高（P<0.05）;术中心肺转流（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）时间和主动脉阻断（aortic cross clamp,ACC）时间明显延长（P<0.01）,深低温停循环（deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA）时间明显延长（P<0.05）;术后机械通气时间、重症监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）住院时间和总住院时间明显延长（P<0.01）;术后急性肺损伤、急性肾损伤和全身炎症反应综合征（systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS）发生率明显增高（P<0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现:ICU住院时间（OR = 1.503,95%CI:1.013～2.230,P<0.05）和SIRS（OR = 11.635,95%CI:1.515～89.336,P<0.05）是急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后感染的独立危险因素。分析受试者工作特征曲线发现ICU住院时间的临界值为7.5 d,曲线下面积为0.865（P<0.01）。 结论 术后感染将明显不利于急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床预后。ICU住院时间>7.5 d及术后出现SIRS是术后感染发生的独立危险因素。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层行孙氏手术患者围术期红细胞输注影响因素评估

目的:分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层行孙氏手术患者围术期红细胞输注的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年5月于兰州大学第一医院行孙氏手术的85例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料。根据此类患者临床围术期输血情况分为常规输血组(输注红细胞≤8 U,n=47)和超量输血组(输注红细胞8 U,n=38),对2组患者围术期超量红细胞输注相关危险因素行多因素logistics回归分析。结果:Stanford A型主动脉夹层行孙氏手术患者围术期超量红细胞输注的危险因素是体外循环总转机时间(OR=1.022,95%CI:1.010～1.035,P0.001),保护因素为高血压(OR=2.883,95%CI:1.046～7.944,P=0.041)。超量红细胞输注对此类患者的术后生存率有显著影响(P=0.028)。结论:Stanford A型主动脉夹层行孙氏手术患者的术中体外循环总转机时间越长,其超量红细胞输注风险越高;术前合并高血压的患者围术期超量红细胞输注风险较低。超量红细胞输注能够增加此类患者的术后死亡率。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后早期发生脑血管事件相关危险因素分析

目的:分析Stanford A型术后早期并发脑血管事件相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年3月,在我院诊治的Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者116例,术后发生脑血管事件患者15例,包括缺血性脑卒中11例,出血性脑卒中患者4例,未发生脑血管事件患者101例。收集患者一般资料(年龄、性别、合并症)、术中各项手术指标(手术时间、停循环事件、转机时间、阻断时间等)、术后发生低心排、心房颤动等,危险因素,并利用Logistic进行多因素分析。结果:单因素分析显示:LVEF<30%、心房颤动、颈动脉病变、停循环时间、术后低心排、术后凝血功能异常与患者术后发生脑血管事件有关,使用Logistic回归分析发现,停循环时间(OR=3.021,P=0.012)、术后低心排(OR=2.812,P=0.000)是影响患者术后早期发生脑血管事件的危险因素。结论:Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术总体效果令人满意。术后低心排、停循环时间是影响术后早期脑血管事件发生的危险因素。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者手术后发生急性肾损伤且行连续性肾脏替代治疗的危险因素分析

目的:探讨分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者手术后发生急性肾损伤且需行连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)的危险因素。方法:回顾性收集2010年1月至2017年12月在本中心接受手术治疗的1 378例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,手术方式根据主动脉根部病变特点和夹层累及范围进行选择。根据术后是否发生急性肾损伤且行CRRT将患者分为非CRRT组(n=1 263)和CRRT组(n=115),并纳入两组患者围手术期的各项指标,分析术后发生急性肾损伤且需行CRRT的危险因素。结果:1 378例患者术后CRRT使用率为8.3%(115/1 378),术后30 d内死亡率为6.6%(91/1 378)。其中CRRT组死亡47例,非CRRT组死亡44例;CRRT组死亡率是非CRRT组的11.7倍(40.8%vs. 3.5%,P0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.028,95%CI:1.011～1.045),术前肝功能不全(OR=2.061,95%CI:1.011～4.199),红细胞输注量(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.043～1.119)是术后发生急性肾损伤行CRRT的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。结论:患者年龄、术前肝功能不全、红细胞输注量是Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者手术后发生急性肾损伤且行CRRT的独立危险因素。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后严重低氧血症的危险因素分析

目的：探讨急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者行孙氏手术后严重低氧血症的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2020年4月至2021年9月，154例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者行孙氏手术的临床资料。根据2012年急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)柏林诊断标准定义，术后严重低氧血症为氧合指数(PaO₂/FiO₂)≤100mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。对术前和术中可能导致术后严重低氧血症的危险因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析，并应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估严重低氧血症危险因素的预测准确率。结果：在我们的研究中36.4%(56/154)的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后发生严重低氧血症。多因素Logistic回归分析显示术前缓激肽(BK)水平(OR=3.429,95%CI:1.101～13.334,P=0.003)和BMI(OR=1.544,95%CI:1.175～2.029,P=0.002)是急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后严重低氧血症的危险因素。ROC曲线表明术前BK水平和BMI预测急...     

老年DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层围术期谵妄的临床特点及影响因素分析

目的探讨老年DebakeyⅢ型急性主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)患者围术期谵妄的临床特点及影响因素。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2014年12月在武汉亚洲心脏病医院经大血管双源增强CT诊断为DebakeyⅢ型急性AD、行全麻下介入大血管腔内隔绝术的221例患者临床资料,男性135例,女性86例。根据是否存在谵妄症状分为谵妄组46例和对照组175例。根据谵妄发生时段分为术前谵妄组15例和术后谵妄组31例。记录并统计患者术前一般临床资料。结果入选者中,谵妄发生率20.81%。logistic多因素回归分析显示,夹层累及范围(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.68~6.94,P=0.001)、低氧血症(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.02~2.84,P=0.029)、住院时间(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.36~1.78,P=0.022)是围术期谵妄的独立危险因素。结论老年DebakeyⅢ型AD患者围术期并发精神障碍的影响因素很多,积极纠正低氧血症、缩短监护病房留置时间,可降低其发生率。     

急性主动脉夹层术前急性肾损伤危险因素分析

背景：探讨急性主动脉夹层术前急性肾损伤的危险因素,为AKI的干预提供科学依据。 方法：回顾性分析北京安贞医院于2009年5月至2013年5月期间AAD患者的临床资料。采用单因素比较和多因素Logistic回归分析统计术前发生AKI的危险因素。 结果：共有254例患者入选,其中Stanford A型夹层178例,B型76例。Stanford A型夹层患者AKI的发病率是23%（41例）,Stanford B型夹层患者发生AKI的发病率是36.8%（26例）。单因素分析显示：Stanford A型夹层AKI的发生与性别(P=0.0042),舒张压（P=0.0328）,心包积液（P=0.0002）,肾动脉累及（P=0.0344）存在相关性;Stanford B型夹层AKI的发生与收缩压（P=0.0357）,肾动脉累及（P=0.0124）存在相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析发现：Stanford A型夹层AKI的独立危险因素包括：男性(OR,5.398;95%CI,1.497-19.468; p=0.01),收缩压(OR,0.961; 95% CI, 0.943-0.980;p<0.001),双侧肾动脉受累 (OR,5.392;95% CI;1.390-20.914;p=0.015) ;Stanford B型夹层AKI的独立危险因素包括：收缩压(OR,1.023;95%CI, 1.003-1.044;p=0.0238),双侧肾动脉受累 (OR,19.076;95% CI;1.914-190.164;p=0.0120)。 结论：男性、舒张压和双侧肾动脉受累是A型主动脉夹层患者急性肾损伤的独立危险因素;收缩压和双侧肾动脉受累是B型主动脉夹层患者急性肾损伤的独立危险因素。     

右美托咪定注射液对Stanford A型主动脉夹层行全脉弓人工血管置换术后谵妄发生的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定注射液对Stanford A型主动脉夹层行全脉弓人工血管置换术后谵妄发生的影响。方法 选取2015-06～2017-06该院收治的Stanford A型主动脉夹层且行全脉弓人工血管置换术患者117例,采用随机数字表法将其分为右美托咪定组(n=59)和丙泊酚组(n=58)。两组患者采用相同的麻醉和手术方法,入重症监护室(ICU)后,右美托咪定组采用右美托咪定0. 40～0. 80μg/(kg·h)静脉泵入,至患者拔管前30 min停用;丙泊酚组则给予丙泊酚25～40μg/(kg·min)泵入,于拔管前2 h停用。比较两组术中术后指标、术后不良反应发生率和术后谵妄发生率。结果 右美托咪定组患者机械通气时间、停药后唤醒时间、ICU停留时间和总住院时间均短于丙泊酚组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。两组在低血压、心动过缓及恶心/呕吐发生率方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。与丙泊酚组比较,右美托咪定组谵妄发生率更低,谵妄始发时间更迟,且谵妄持续时间较短,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 右美托咪定相比于丙泊酚,可减少Stanford A型主动脉夹层行全脉弓人工血管置换术后机械通气时间和ICU停留时间,降低谵妄发生率,缩短患者总住院时间。     

右美托咪定在Ⅰ型主动脉夹层患者行全弓置换手术后的镇静效果评估

目的:评估右美托咪定在I型主动脉夹层患者行全弓置换手术后的镇静效果。方法:回顾性分析广州军区广州总医院心脏外科中心2007年至2016年期间主动脉夹层弓部受累并行全弓置换术的患者237例,其中男199例(84.0%),平均年龄(48.79±12.65)岁。根据患者术后监护病房(ICU)使用镇静药物的情况分为两组:右美托咪定组(n=126),予右美托咪定负荷量1μg/kg缓慢推注,之后以0.2~0.7μg/(kg·h)持续泵入;咪达唑仑组(n=111),以咪达唑仑0.05μg/kg静脉推注,继以0.02~0.1 mg/(kg·h)持续泵入。两组患者手术方式相同,比较两组患者机械通气时间、谵妄发生率等指标。结果:与咪达唑仑组比较,右美托咪定组机械通气时间[(3.97±1.28)d vs(4.99±1.58)d]、ICU停留时间[(6.63±1.71)d vs(7.24±2.56)d]均较短;谵妄发生率(8.7%vs 18.9%)及永久性神经功能障碍的发生率(5.65%vs13.5%)也均较低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:右美托咪定相较于咪达唑仑而言,能有效缩短Ⅰ型主动脉夹层全弓置换患者的机械通气时间及ICU停留时间,并能明显降低神经系统不良事件发生率,对患者的术后恢复起到良性作用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.