社区中老年居民高血压的流行病学调查及危险因素分析

目的了解南充市顺庆区中老年居民高血压患病情况和危险因素,为高血压的防治提供依据。方法选择南充市顺庆区45岁及以上的社区居民,进行生活习惯、慢性病史、慢性病家族史等问卷调查,同时行体格检查和相关生物化学指标检查。结果南充市居民高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别为37.8%、48.1%、42%和18%,新发病率为24%,按2017年美国新指南标准的新发病率为69.59%。年龄(OR=1.047)、超重(OR=1.5)、肥胖(OR=1.911)、中心型肥胖(OR=1.208)、吸烟(OR=1.238)、睡眠过短(OR=1.105)、睡眠过长(OR=1.261)、糖尿病(OR=1.341)、血脂异常(OR=1.268)、冠心病(OR=1.57)、脑卒中(OR=3.33)、高血压家族史(OR=2.155)及脑卒中家族史(OR=1.367)与高血压的患病密切相关。结论南充市社区45岁及以上居民高血压患病率较高;知晓率、治疗率、控制率较低,年龄、超重、肥胖、中心型肥胖、吸烟、睡眠过短、睡眠过长、糖尿病、血脂异常、冠心病、脑卒中、高血压家族史、脑卒中家族史是高血压患病的独立危险因素。针对危险因素加强社区居民高血压防治工作意义重大。     

太原地区3883名体检者心血管疾病危险因素分析

目的 分析太原地区3 883名体检者心血管疾病危险因素,探讨心血管危险因素分布的特征和规律,并评价各种肥胖指标预测心血管危险因素的价值.方法 2005年-2006年太原市区两个社区自然人群体检对象中资料完整的成人3 883名.调查以健康体检形式进行,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围和血压,计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀围比值.空腹抽取静脉血,测定血糖和血脂.将男性和女性按年龄分为6个年龄段进行统计分析,分析不同年龄段各心血管危险因素分布情况.人群中未进行降糖、降压、调脂治疗的2 817名各心血管危险因素进行相关分析及因子分析.对不同腰围分别计算预测血脂异常、高血压、高空腹血糖(FBG)及≥2 个心血管危险因素的灵敏度和特异度,计算Youden指数.结果 男性随年龄增加腰围、血糖、血压、血脂异常所占比例增加,腰臀比值异常所占比例随年龄呈升高趋势,各年龄组间有统计学意义(P<0.05);体重指数异常所占比例随年龄增加升高趋势不明显.女性随年龄增加腰围、血压、血脂异常所占比例增加,各年龄组间有统计学意义(P<0.05);血糖异常、腰臀比值异常、体重指数异常所占比例在≤70岁各年龄段随年龄增加而增加.男女血糖、血压、血脂异常所占比例无明显差别.女性40岁后腰围超标者高于男性.各心血管危险因素Pearson相关分析显示,这些指标间大多存在两两相关.其中腰围、BMI、腰臀围比值与其他指标有较强相关性.采用因子分析可见腰臀围比值、腰围、BMI这些肥胖因子为核心因子,没有一个变量同时连接所有因子.因子负荷数值腰围＞腰臀围比值＞体重指数.根据腰围预测各心血管危险因素的敏感度和特异度、ROC曲线,以及Youden指数均显示男性腰围85 cm,女性腰围75 cm时预测各心血管危险因素的真实性较好.根据腰臀比值预测各心血管因素的敏感度和特异度、ROC曲线,以及Youden指数均显示男性腰臀比值0.90,女性腰臀比值0.80时预测各心血管危险因素的真实性较好.结论 各心血管危险因素异常所占百分比随年龄有递增趋势,且男女各有特点.肥胖处于各危险因素的核心位置,肥胖指标中以中心性肥胖为肥胖诊断标准,尤其腰围诊断价值较高.太原城市人群中男性腰围85 cm,女性75 cm或腰臀比值男性0.90,女性0.80 可能是诊断中心性肥胖的合适切点.     

青壮年高血压病的临床研究

目的研究青壮年高血压病(EH)患者的临床特点。方法按1999年中国高血压联盟制定的《中国高血压防治指南》标准,选择年龄25～44岁的青壮年高血压病例238例,同时选择年龄、性别、职业及其他条件相匹配的血压正常的青壮年人250名作对照。询问病史、家族史、职业、生活方式;测量血压、体重、腰围,计算体重指数(BMI)。检查心电图、动态血压监测;心脏超声测量左室质量,并计算左室质量指数(LVMI);检测空腹血糖、血脂、血肌酐(Cr)和血尿酸(UA)。结果青壮年高血压发病率男性高于女性。总的特点是以舒张期高血压为主,24h血压仍以杓型昼夜节律为主;高血压组BMI明显高于正常组(P<0.05)。高血压组49.6%有家族史、55.5%有吸烟史、52.9%血脂异常,与血压正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01、P<0.05、P<0.01)。高血压组空腹血糖、TG、LDL均高于正常血压组(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,血脂异常以TG和LDL-C为主,血尿酸、肌酐、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白两组间差异无统计学意义。体重和腰围高血压组男女两性均高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。高血压组LVMI明显高于正常血压组(P<0.01)。结论青壮年高血压患者男性多于女性,以舒张期高血压为主,家族史、肥胖、代谢紊乱、不良的生活方式是引发青壮年高血压的主要因素。     

青年男性冠心病危险因素Logistic回归分析

目的探讨青年男性冠心病主要危险因素。方法选择经冠脉造影确诊为冠心病的青年男性为主要研究对象,将同期入院排除冠心病的青年男性作为对照组。收集两组年龄、身高、体重、体重指数(BMI),既往高血压病、血脂异常、糖尿病、吸烟以及早发冠心病家族史;各组血液生化指标:血尿酸(UA)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、脂蛋白a(LPa)、空腹血糖(FBG)。应用SPSS17.0软件对上述资料进行统计学分析。结果青年男性冠心病组既往糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟史比例,BMI、TG水平均高于对照组,两组高血压、早发冠心病家族史比例,TC、LDL、HDL、LPa、UA、FBG水平无统计学差异;经Logistic多因素回归分析显示,青年男性冠心病发病主要相关危险因素有高甘油三酯血症、吸烟、超重/肥胖。结论青年男性冠心病患者主要危险因素有吸烟、高甘油三酯血症、超重/肥胖;控制体重、戒烟、控制甘油三酯水平,可能有助于减少青年男性冠心病的发生。     

南阳市中老年社区居民高血压、血脂异常患病状况

目的探讨南阳市中老年社区居民高血压、血脂异常患病情况。方法选取南阳市中老年社区居民150例,对≥45岁居民性别、年龄、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、吸烟、饮酒及高血压家族遗传史进行详细调查和记录,检测所选居民尿酸(UA)、血脂及血糖水平。采用Logistic回归分析方法,分析性别、年龄、饮酒、吸烟、高血压家族遗传史、体重指数(BMI)、腰臂比(WHR)、UA、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)因素对高血压患病的关联。结果南阳市中老年社区150例居民中高血压患病率达76.0%,血脂异常为30.7%,高血压合并血脂异常发生率24.7%。Logistic回归单因素方差分析结果表明,性别、年龄、饮酒、BMI、WHR、空腹血糖(FPG)及UA因素对高血压患病与否相关联(P0.05)。吸烟、高血压家族遗传史、血脂指标HDL、LDL、TG和TC水平与高血压患病与否无关联性(P0.05)。Logistic回归多因素分析结果显示,南阳市中老年150例居民高血压情况与性别、年龄、高血压家族史及FBG相关联(P0.05)。结论南阳市中老年社区居民高血压及血脂异常发生率较高,为保障中老年居民健康水平及生活质量,采取有效控制措施具有重要意义。     

乌鲁木齐地区老年肥胖症患病率及与心血管疾病危险因素的相关性

目的调查乌鲁木齐地区老年人肥胖症的患病情况及各项人体测量指标(AI)和心血管疾病(CVD)风险因素。方法采用分层多阶段聚类抽样方案于2012～2017年收集1 216例60岁以上老年人为对象,年龄(72.5±5.8)岁;体重指数(BMI)值为(23.6±6.4)kg/m~2。受试者比较各项AI,包括BMI,腰围(WC)和腰臀比(WHR),同时探讨预测CVD风险的有效性。结果根据WHO定义BMI范围,乌鲁木齐肥胖症男性患病率为28.8%,女性患病率为27.3%。血脂异常的患病率女性高于男性。男性2型糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常的优势比显著升高,同时具有较高的BMI、WC和WHR的五分位数。同WC和WHR的关联性比和BMI强。两个性别中,WC与MS的AUC最大。使用ROC分析预测2型糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常或MS的最大敏感性和最大特异性的WC的截断值分别为男性的86.2～88.0 cm和女性的82.0～84.0 cm。结论乌鲁木齐老年人肥胖症患病率较高。WC与CVD危险因素的相关性大于BMI和WHR。然而,没有较理想的指标可以作为心血管疾病的筛查工具的危险因素。因此,需要进一步研究如何有效的利用AI筛查老年心血管疾病的危险因素。     

高校无症状成年人心血管病发病危险调查

目的:调查武汉大学无症状成年人心血管病危险因素的患病情况,评估该人群未来10年缺血性心血管病发病的风险。方法:选取该校近1年无缺血性心血管病症状成年人的体检资料,了解其性别、年龄、吸烟史、体质指数、胆固醇水平及患糖尿病、高血压病情况,通过简易查表法,对个体的危险因素进行评分,根据总分查到相应10年缺血性心血管病发病绝对危险。结果:总体人群吸烟率、超重、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的比例分别为13.3%、35.2%、7.4%、33.4%、14.9%、41.6%。男性吸烟率及超重、肥胖的比例明显高于女性,女性血脂异常的患病率明显高于男性。50岁以上男女性高血压、糖尿病患病率无显著性差异。10年心血管病发病绝对危险随年龄增长不断增高,女性各年龄组发病风险均低于男性。结论:60岁以上男性及70岁以上女性心血管病总体危险较高,男性应加强体重的干预,女性应加强控制血脂的干预措施。     

肥胖及相关疾病的临床研究

选择2000年12月至2004年6月体重指数(BMI)大于25的72例为观察组,男38例,女34例,BMI＜25kg/m2的24例为对照组.测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、血脂,行葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)、胰岛素释放试验(IRT).计算腰臀比、胰岛素抵抗指数及胰岛素敏感指数.结果①所有患者血压、空腹及OGTT后2小时血糖、空腹胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗指数均有不同程度的升高及血脂异常,且与体重指数及腰臀比呈正相关.②胰岛素敏感指数普遍降低.③女性比男性更易发生糖耐量减低(IGT).结论肥胖可导致高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗等疾病.     

门诊高血压患者合并空腹血糖受损患病率及影响因素分析

目的 探讨门诊原发性高血压患者空腹血糖受损患病率及影响因素.方法 对2004年2月至2007年1月于本院门诊连续就诊的1026例原发性高血压患者[其中男531例,女495例,年龄15～87(51.6±12.5)岁]进行病史询问,血压、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、血脂等指标的测量,并进行统计学分析.结果 高血压患者空腹血糖总异常率及空腹血糖受损患病率分别为38.5%和30.5%.高血压患者中血糖正常组与空腹血糖受损组的性别构成比、收缩压、BMI、腰臀围比、血糖、TG、TC差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).进入logistic回归模型的有性别、糖尿病家族史、TC及LDL-C.结论 门诊高血压患者空腹血糖受损患病率高于健康人群,且可能与性别、糖尿病家族史、血脂代谢异常有关.     

广西博白县农村居民糖尿病患病率及危险因素分析

目的了解广西博白县农村居民糖尿病患病情况并分析其危险因素。方法对该县1000名农村居民进行体格检查和血糖检测,并作相关危险因素的问卷调查。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归方法进行分析。结果该县糖尿病患病率为11.0%。单因素分析：与糖尿病可能有关的危险因素有性别、年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病家族史、体重指数（BMI）等;进入logistic回归模型的有年龄、吸烟、文化程度、饮酒、高血压、体重指数（BMI）与糖尿病相关。结论农村居民糖尿病患病率已达较高水平,应及时采取糖尿病三级预防措施对高危人群进行防治。     

1447例容桂社区老年人下肢动脉疾病的流行病学调查

目的了解顺德容桂街道60岁以上老年人下肢动脉疾病(lower extremity peripheral arterial disease,LEAD)的流行病学调查情况。方法对顺德容桂街道整群随机抽取2个村。共调查1447例常住老年人,根据有无LEAD分为LEAD组(165例)和无下肢动脉疾病(NLEAD)组(1 282例),调查内容包括一般临床资料、血脂、空腹血糖、腰围、臀围,计算出体重指数、腰臀围比和腰围身高比,测量四肢血压,计算出踝肱指数和趾肱指数。结果LEAD组与NLEAD组在年龄、性别、吸烟、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖、原发性高血压和糖尿病等方面差异有统计学意义。LEAD组与NLEAD组男性在年龄、SBP、DBP、原发性高血压和糖尿病等方面差异有统计学意义。LEAD组与NLEAD组女性在年龄、吸烟、SBP、DBP、空腹血糖、原发性高血压和糖尿病等方面差异有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析.预测总人群LEAD风险的因素是年龄、SBP、吸烟、腰围、糖尿病;预测男性LEAD风险的因素是SBP;预测女性LEAD风险的因素是年龄、SBP、吸烟。结论预测老年人LEAD风险的因素可能是年龄、SBP、吸烟、腰围、糖尿病。     

Serum C-reactive protein is an independent risk factor predicting cardiometabolic risk

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level as a risk factor in predicting metabolic syndrome (MS), hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease. We prospectively evaluated 1270 men and 1320 women, aged 30 to 89 years, who had serum CRP determinations and a mean 4.3 years' follow-up. The CRP values were log-transformed for calculations. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for male abdominal obesity. Prediction of outcome was performed by excluding from analysis the particular outcome variable existing at baseline examination. Smoking men had higher age-adjusted estimated CRP concentrations (P < .001), whereas smoking women had lower CRP (P = .027) than never smokers. Risk of developing an elevated (> or =2 mg/L) CRP was predicted significantly by baseline CRP in both sexes and by apolipoprotein (apo B), current smoking, and family income in men, when adjusted for 5 further variables. Baseline CRP levels predicted atherogenic dyslipidemia when adjusted for age, baseline dyslipidemia values, and apo B tertiles and predicted incident hypertension independent of age, waist circumference, and smoking status. After adjustment for sex, age, and the 5 MS components, CRP predicted newly developing MS, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.32). When adjusted for sex, age, baseline glucose, waist circumference, and apo B tertiles, diabetes was significantly predicted by CRP in women (HR, 1.31) alone. Sex- and age-adjusted CRP level identified also those that progressed to diabetes independent of a fasting glucose >100 mg/dL (HR, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.59), although not in men. In the prediction of incident coronary heart disease, CRP contributed to 7 established risk factors including waist circumference with a significant 1.18-fold HR. C-reactive protein is both an independent significant predictor and a risk factor of cardiometabolic risk among Turkish adults, additive to MS components, whereby risk is modulated by sex, smoking habit, and apo B.     

上海市程桥社区高血压患者空腹血糖受损患病率的调查及相关因素分析

目的 探讨上海市程桥社区35岁以上原发性高血压患者空腹血糖受损患病率及影响因素.方法 选取上海市程桥社区35岁以上居民所有已患原发性高血压患者2 596例,其中男1 390例,女1 206例,年龄35～89岁,平均52.5±12.6岁,进行病史调查,测量血压、体重、身高、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖及血脂等指标,并进行统计学分析.结果 在2 596例高血压受试者中空腹血糖<5.6 mmol/L为1 561例,空腹血糖介于5.6～6.9 mmol/L为817例,空腹血糖>6.9 mmol/L为218例.高血压患者中血糖总异常率达39.9%,其中空腹血糖受损的忠病率为31.5%.高血压患者中血糖正常组与空腹血糖受损组的性别构成比、收缩压、体质指数、腰臀比、血糖、总胆固醇及甘油三酯水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归显示,性别(β=0.068,P<0.001)、糖尿病家族史(β=0.468,P<0.05)、总胆固醇(β=0.248,P<0.001)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(β=-0.06,P<0.001)与空腹血糖受损有相关性.结论 上海市程桥社区35岁以上高血压患者空腹血糖受损患病率高于健康人群,且可能与性别、糖尿病家族史及血脂代谢异常有关.     

甘肃陇西县35岁及以上人群高血压流行病学现况调查

目的调查甘肃陇西县≥35岁的居民高血压的患病现况,分析其相关危险因素。方法整群分层随机抽取陇西县5个社区≥35岁的居民共12040例,对所选对象进行问卷调查,测量身高、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、血压,并测定空腹血糖及血脂。计算不同年龄及性别的调查对象高血压及相关疾病的患病率,分析高血压的相关危险因素。结果标化后高血压患病率为26.8%,男性为28.3%,女性为21.4%。Logistic逐步回归分析结果表明,盐摄入量(OR=2.403,95%CI2.066～2.759)、超重(OR=1.566,95%CI1.417～1.730)、高血糖(OR=1.700,95%CI1.303～2.217)、总胆固醇(OR=2.617,95%CI2.294～2.986)、三酰甘油(OR=2.147,95%CI1.960～2.351)、脑力劳动(OR=0.640,95%CI0.490～0.830)、吸烟(烟龄>10年)(OR=1.567,95%CI1.413～1.738)、饮酒(每周>2次)(OR=1.372,95%CI1.340～1.479)是高血压的独立危险因素。结论陇西县35岁以上居民中高血压患病率较高,年龄、男性、高盐饮食、超重及肥胖、高血糖、腰围超标、血脂异常、高三酰甘油是高血压的危险因素。     

Conventional risk factors of coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital of Chandigarh in Northern part of India

There are conflicting reports about the role of conventional risk factors in coronary artery disease from some of the studies in India. The present study tried to determine the association of conventional risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and correlate with findings on coronary angiography.

Material and methods

Study was conducted at the PGIMER in 1003 consecutive patients with angiographic proven coronary artery disease. They were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors like age, sex, history of smoking, diabetes, hypertension (physician diagnosed) and family history of CAD. Anthropometric data for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist hip ratio were recorded using standard methods. Lipid profile and blood sugar estimation was done.

Results

The mean age was 56 ± 10.8 years with 82.8% were males. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of smoking, family history and dyslipidemia were present in 59.6%, 25.8%, 32%, 6.8%, and 56% respectively. Central obesity was seen in 75.6% of male (WHR > 0.90) and 88.3% of female (WHR > 0.80) patients. Single, double and triple vessel disease was present in 50.4%, 28.2% and 16% cases respectively. Types A, B and C lesions were seen in 32.7%, 41.3%, and 37.6% cases respectively. About two fifth (39.8%) cases presented with acute myocardial infarction, 22.4% with unstable angina/NSTEMI and 37.8% with chronic stable angina. Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, waist hip ratio and raised triglycerides were significantly associated with increasing severity of lesion. Further diabetes also showed significant association with increased vessel wall involvement. Health promotion programmes focusing on conventional risk factors and secondary prevention focusing on early diagnosis, management and lifestyle modifications may be the key interventions for prevention and control of CAD.     

内脏脂肪指数、脂质蓄积指数与脑卒中高危人群颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑卒中高危人群内脏脂肪指数(VAI)、脂质蓄积指数(LAP)与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)的相关性.方法 病例来源为北京市丰台区8家社区医院筛查出的脑卒中高危人群9215例.通过面对面问卷调查方式收集完整的人口学信息及中医证候量表.检测项目包括体格检查、血液检查和颈动脉超声检查.通过公式计算得出VAI、LAP两个...     

Socioeconomic differences in diabetes prevalence, awareness, and treatment in rural southwest China

Objective To examine how socioeconomic differences are related to the prevalence, awareness and treatment of diabetes in rural Yunnan province, a relatively undeveloped province in southwest China. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was conducted from 2008 to 2010; 10 007 consenting individuals aged ≥18 years were selected to participate in the study using a stratified, multistage sampling technique. Information about participants’ demographic characteristics, smoking habits, drinking habits, awareness and treatment of diabetes, and family history of diabetes were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting blood sugar level and blood pressure were also measured for each individual. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results The age‐standardised presence of diabetes was 6.8% in the study population. In diabetic subjects, 28.7% were aware that they had diabetes, and 22.6% had received treatment. After controlling for age, sex, smoking behaviour, drinking behaviour, hypertension, being overweight, central obesity and family history of diabetes, individual educational level was negatively associated with the prevalence of diabetes and positively associated with the awareness and treatment of diabetes. The awareness and treatment of diabetes showed a negative relationship with ethnic minority status and a positive relationship with individual household income. Conclusions There are low levels of awareness and treatment among individuals living with diabetes in rural southwest China. Strategies that can enhance public awareness of diabetes and increase access to affordable medications are urgently needed, especially for poor, less educated individuals who belong to ethnic minorities.     

Urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine interrelations with obesity, insulin, and the metabolic syndrome in Hong Kong Chinese

The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Elevated plasma insulin and urinary norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and reduced urinary epinephrine (adrenaline) excretion are associated with obesity in Caucasian populations. We examined the interrelationships between obesity, plasma insulin, and urinary catecholamine excretion in Chinese subjects with various components of the metabolic syndrome. A total of 577 Chinese subjects (aged 38 +/- 10 years; 68% with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and/or albuminuria and 32% healthy subjects) were studied, all of whom had a plasma creatinine less than 150 micromol/L. The blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipid, and creatinine levels were measured. A 24-hour urine sample was collected for measurement of albumin and catecholamine excretion. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were used as measures of general and central obesity, respectively. The insulin resistance index was estimated by the calculated product of fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations. Patients with an increasing number of components of the metabolic syndrome (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and/or albuminuria) were more obese, hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic, and albuminuric and had higher blood pressure, plasma insulin, insulin resistance indices, and 24-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion but lower urinary epinephrine output (all P < .005). Increasing quintiles of BMI in the whole population or waist circumference in both sexes were associated with increasing trends for adverse lipid profiles, plasma insulin, insulin resistance indices, and urinary norepinephrine excretion but a decreasing trend for urinary epinephrine output (all P < .001). There were close associations between age, obesity, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid, insulin, insulin resistance indices, and urinary catecholamine excretion. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis (all P < .001), 34% of the variability of the BMI and 45% of that of the waist circumference were independently related to gender (waist higher in males and BMI higher in females), increased plasma insulin, triglyceride, and urinary norepinephrine excretion, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and urinary epinephrine output. In Chinese subjects with different manifestations of the metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, elevated norepinephrine, and reduced epinephrine excretion were closely associated with general and central obesity. Based on these findings, we postulate that complex interactions between the insulin and sympathoadrenal systems may lead to the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.     

Identification of risk factors affecting impaired glucose metabolism among the adult population of district Srinagar

BackgroundThe World has seen an emerging trend of diabetes among adolescents and moderately aged people over the last decade. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors associated with impaired glucose metabolism and the prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism among the adult population of district Srinagar.MethodsMulti-stage cluster random sampling design was used and from each household, participants were selected using a Kish grid method. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. The participants were then subjected to fasting venous blood glucose estimation.ResultsAge, waist circumference, hip circumference, weight, and body mass index were all statistically significant between normoglycemic participants and those with impaired glucose metabolism (p < 0.018). On logistic regression, subjects who had a higher BMI were more likely to develop Impaired glucose metabolism (OR = 3.52, OR 95% CI = 1.25–9.87); Moreover, consumption of carbonated drinks, (3–6 times/week OR = 4.40, OR 95% CI = 2.06–9.40; >6 times/week OR = 11.04, OR 95% CI = 0.86–140.66) was found to be a potential risk factor. Participants with a family history of diabetes were more susceptible to develop impaired glucose metabolism (OR = 6.41, OR 95% CI = 3.22–12.78). The risk effect of these factors was even stronger before adjusting for age, sex, family history of diabetes, and BMI in participants.ConclusionRisk factors for impaired glucose metabolism include increasing age, obesity, and higher consumption of carbonated drinks, hypertension, smoking behavior, high-calorie diet intake and positive family history of diabetes.