血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的疗效观察

目的 观察冠脉内注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者中的疗效。方法 选择2009年~2012年诊断为STEMI接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的240例患者,随机分为直接PCI组、冠脉内注射替罗非班组（替罗非班组）、血栓抽吸组和血栓抽吸联合冠脉内注射替罗非班组（联合治疗组)。观察4组术后冠状动脉TIMI血流分级、心肌染色分级、术后24 h ST段回落>70%比率,术后6个月的主要复合终点事件。结果 与直接PCI组相比,血栓抽吸组、联合治疗组TIMI血流分级增加（P<0.05,P<0.01）;替罗非班组、联合治疗组心肌染色增加(均P<0.05);血栓抽吸组、联合治疗组ST段回落>70%比率增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);替罗非班组不降低患者6个月主要复合终点事件,血栓抽吸组降低患者6个月主要复合终点事件。但是,与替罗非班组或血栓抽吸组相比,联合治疗组在TIMI血流分级、心肌染色分级、术后24 h ST段回落>70%比率、6个月主要复合终点事件均未改善;4组间出血事件无显著差异。结论 血栓抽吸能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌灌注及降低6个月主要复合终点事件。     

替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓导管抽吸对急诊ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI术血运重建的影响

目的探讨替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓导管抽吸对急诊ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者标准经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术血运重建的影响。方法 98例STEMI患者随机分为PCI+血栓抽吸+替罗非班组(A组),PCI+替罗非班组(B组)。观察两组患者血管再通时即刻的血流血管心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMPG)分级、术后2h心电图ST段回落大于50%的发生率、心肌磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、CK-MB峰值时间,术后2h胸痛缓解率再灌注心律失常发生率。结果 A组心肌灌注明显增加,TIMI血流及TMPG血流明显改善,术后2h心电图ST段回落大于50%的发生率、CK-MB峰值、CK-MB峰值时间,术后2h内胸痛缓解率及再灌注心律失常发生率优于对照组。结论血栓抽吸与替罗非班联合治疗可改善急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者冠脉内血栓病变的血栓负荷、冠状动脉血流、心肌灌注,改善患者预后。     

急性前壁心肌梗死患者急诊PCI时联合冠状动脉内综合血栓减负的疗效

目的通过联合使用血栓抽吸、冠状动脉内血栓部位注射尿激酶、替罗非班及硝酸甘油的综合血栓减负治疗策略,达到改善心肌组织水平的灌注,提高远期心脏收缩功能的作用。方法选取急性前壁心肌梗死高血栓负荷患者作为研究对象,按照1∶1随机,观察组给予血栓抽吸后冠状动脉内血栓部位注射固定剂量的尿激酶10万U、替罗非班5 mL及硝酸甘油200μg,对照组给予血栓抽吸。以TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)3级、微循环阻力指数(IMR)、术后2 h心电图ST段回落(STR)大于70%比例以及左心室射血分数(EF)值作为主要终点指标;以一年主要不良心血管事件(MACE)事件(心衰恶化、再发心绞痛、再发心肌梗死、心源性猝死)作为次要终点指标,同时以BARC定义的出血作为安全性指标。结果 22例观察组和24例对照组完成一年随访。(1)在主要终点方面:观察组TMPG3级比例明显高于对照组(68.2%比33.3%,P=0.006),梗死相关血管左前降支的IMR值观察组明显低于对照组[(31.50±13.39) U比(62.72±22.80) U,P=0.002],术后2 h观察组STR大于70%比例高于对照组(63.6%比25.0%,P=0.016);心功能分析提示术后3个月[(42.1%±3.1%)比(40.0%±3.0%),P=0.049]和一年[(41.9%±2.9%)比(39.8%±3.5%),P=0.042]观察组在总体EF值与对照组相比差异有统计学意义。(2)次要终点方面MACE事件(再发心绞痛、再发心肌梗死、心衰恶化以及心源性猝死)观察组与对照组比较差异无显著性。(3)两组BARC定义的出血差异无统计学意义。结论冠状动脉内联合使用血栓抽吸、冠状动脉内注射尿激酶、替罗非班及硝酸甘油的综合血栓减负及改善微循环的治疗策略能够减轻血栓负荷,提高梗死心肌组织水平的灌注,改善远期心脏功能。可安全用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死高血栓负荷的患者。     

替罗非班联合血栓抽吸对老年高血栓负荷ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术后的影响分析

目的探讨替罗非班联合血栓抽吸对老年高血栓负荷ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者术后的影响。方法选取我院自2019年5月至2020年6月收治的120例老年高血栓负荷STEMI患者作为研究对象,研究组在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中同时开展冠脉内注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸,对照组在PCI治疗术中冠脉内注射替罗非班,观察两组术后即刻TIMI血流、术后心功能、心血管不良事件(MACE)等。结果研究组术后即刻TIMI3级血流率明显大于对照组(P0.05);术前研究组、对照组左心室射血分数(LVEF)比较无显著差异(P0.05),术后1个月后研究组、对照组LVEF明显增加,研究组各项指标改善幅度显著大于对照组(P0.05);研究组术后心脏不良事件发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论在老年高血栓负荷STEMI患者PCI术中同时开展冠脉内注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸治疗能够促进血管再通,改善心肌灌注,有助于改善患者心功能,降低不良心脏事件的发生。     

经抽吸导管冠状动脉内注射替罗非班在SETMI急诊介入中的应用研究

目的探讨经血栓抽吸导管于冠状动脉(冠脉)病变处注射替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠脉介入(PCI)术中的疗效。方法连续入选2014年3月~2016年3月于河北省保定涿州市医院收治的138例拟行PCI术的STEMI患者,随机分为3组:替罗非班Ⅰ组(46例):血栓抽吸+经抽吸导管于病变处注射替罗非班+PCI,替罗非班Ⅱ组(46例):血栓抽吸+指引导管冠脉内注射替罗非班+PCI,对照组(46例):血栓抽吸+PCI。分析治疗后3组患者血流恢复情况和心功能指标改善情况。结果 PCI术后冠脉造影结果显示:替罗非班Ⅰ组TMPG 3级比率高于对照组,替罗非班Ⅰ组无复流比率均低于替罗非班Ⅱ组和对照组,替罗非班Ⅰ组慢复流比率低于对照组(P均0.05),替罗非班Ⅰ组血流恢复情况好于替罗非班Ⅱ组和对照组。替罗非班Ⅰ组ST段回落指数(STR)50%比率高于对照组,替罗非班Ⅰ组肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值时间均较替罗非班Ⅱ组和对照组提前,替罗非班Ⅰ组肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)峰值时间较对照组提前(P均0.05)。PCI术后7 d,替罗非班Ⅰ组左室射血分数(LVEF)高于对照组,替罗非班I组左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)均低于替罗非班Ⅱ组和对照组(P均0.05)。PCI术后1月,替罗非班Ⅰ组主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率均低于替罗非班Ⅱ组和对照组(P0.05)。结论 STEMI患者PCI术中,血栓抽吸联合经血栓抽吸导管于病变处注射替罗非班可有效恢复冠脉血流,减少无复流、慢血流的发生,改善心肌灌注和心功能,同时降低MACE发生率,有助于改善STEMI患者预后。     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班对急性STEMI直接PCI术后的影响

目的:研究血栓抽吸联合使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)术后的影响。方法:选择荆门市第一人民医院2012年1月至2013年3月因STEMI行直接PCI治疗患者98例,其中单纯行血栓抽吸48例(血栓抽吸组),术中应用血栓抽吸联合冠脉内注入替罗非班50例(联合治疗组),比较两组患者术后即刻冠状动脉造影以及住院期间和出院后6个月随访情况。结果:(1)住院期间,与血栓抽吸组比较,联合治疗组术后TIMI血流分级[(2.3±0.6)级比(2.7±0.3)级]、TIMI血流3级率(72.9%比90.0%)、术后90min ST段50%回落率(52.1%比74.0%)均显著升高(P0.05或0.01);而术后无复流明显降低(18.8%比4.0%,P=0.038);(2)随访6个月,联合治疗组左室射血分数(LVEF)较血栓抽吸组明显提高[(58±6.3)%比(51±5.6)%,P0.05]。结论:血栓抽吸联合使用替罗非班既可有效减轻STEMI患者冠脉内的血栓负荷,又可改善心功能。     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班治疗急性前壁ST段抬高心肌梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨血栓抽吸联合替罗非班治疗急性前壁ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者冠状动脉内血栓病变的疗效。方法回顾性分析急性前壁STEMI行直接PCI患者187例临床资料,根据直接PCI中对血栓处理方法的不同分为血栓抽吸+替罗非班组(观察组)105例和替罗非班组82例。比较2组术后冠状动脉造影结果、ST段回落率、肌酸激酶(CK)及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值水平、LVEF、左心室舒张末内径、住院期间主要不良心血管事件和出血并发症等。结果与替罗非班组比较,观察组术后TIMI血流分级、矫正TIMI血流帧计数、血栓积分和LVEF明显改善[(2.79±0.41)级vs(2.34±0.37)级、(26.65±8.24)帧vs(31.04±10.65)帧、(0.23±0.18)分vs(0.76±0.59)分、(48.6±14.4)%vs(43.7±11.3)%,P<0.05,P<0.01];CK及CK-MB峰值水平明显下降(P<0.05);无复流发生率明显减少(P<0.05);ST段回落率明显增高(P<0.05)。结论在急性前壁STEMI直接PCI中,血栓抽吸联合替罗非班能有效降低血栓负荷,实现心肌水平的完全再灌注,改善术后心脏收缩功能。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中血栓抽吸联合梗死相关动脉内应用替罗非班的有效性和安全性

目的 评价在ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中联合应用血栓抽吸和经抽吸导管梗死相关动脉内注射替罗非班的有效性和安全性.方法 试验分为2组:血栓抽吸+替罗非班组:2007年1月至2009年3月108例STEMI患者进行血栓抽吸后经抽吸导管梗死相关动脉内应用替罗非班500μg,置入支架后静脉滴注12 h替罗非班0.1μg·kg-1·min-1;单纯血栓抽吸组:2005年1月至2006年12月108例STEMI患者血栓抽吸后置人支架.主要终点:PCI术后即刻心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、术后90 min完全ST段回落率、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白I峰值.二级终点:住院期间和9个月随访左心室射血分数、主要不良心血管事件(靶血管重建、再次心肌梗死、死亡)和出血事件.结果 两组患者基线特征差异无统计学意义.血栓抽吸+替罗非班组与单纯血栓抽吸组TIMI 3级血流率分别为97.22%和87.04%(P=0.011),完全ST段回落率分别是66.67%和50.91%(P=0.047),CK-MB峰值分别是83.9(68.9～310.5)U/L和126.1(74.7～356.7)U/L(P=0.034),肌钙蛋白Ⅰ峰值分别是42.7(14.7～113.9)μg/L和72.5(59.8～135.3)μg/L(P=0.029).住院期间,血栓抽吸+替罗非班组和单纯血栓抽吸组的左心室射血分数分别为(45.7±10.8)%和(42.9±9.9)%(P=0.049).9个月随访显示,血栓抽吸+替罗非班组主要不良心血管事件有降低趋势(log rank χ2=2.865,P=0.09).两组间出血事件差异无统计学意义.结论 直接PCI中联合应用血栓抽吸和经抽吸导管在梗死相关动脉内超选择应用替罗非班可以改善心肌灌注.     

STEMI患者急诊PCI术中应用血栓抽吸导管注射维拉帕米和替罗非班的有效性和安全性

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中应用血栓抽吸导管注射维拉帕米和替罗非班的疗效及安全性。方法入选2015年1月~2016年4月于广东医学院附属深圳南山医院确诊的STEMI患者128例,其中男性96例,女性32例。按随机数字表法分为常规组(n=64)和实验组(n=64)。常规组通过指引导管冠状动脉口内联用维拉帕米和替罗非班;实验组通过血栓抽吸导管超选择性到达罪犯病变远端后同等剂量给药。观察患者PCI术后血流、校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)、ST回落情况、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、左室射血分数(LVEF),记录住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)和不良反应情况。结果与常规组比较,实验组CTFC和CK-MB降低,ST回落比例和左室射血分数升高,[(27.47±5.58)帧vs.(23.43±4.57)帧]、[(97.63±15.32)U/L vs.(85.44±14.23)U/L]、(65.6%vs.81.2%)、[(42.78±7.80)%vs.(47.53±7.50)%],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。两组不良反应和MACE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI术中应用血栓抽吸导管在冠状动脉罪犯病变远端注射维拉帕米和替罗非班可有效改善心肌灌注水平,临床使用安全性较高。     

超选择冠脉内注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌灌注的影响

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉超选择注射盐酸替罗非班及联合血栓抽吸对心肌灌注的影响。方法 选择2014年3月至2015年8月粤北人民医院STEMI患者210例,随机分为试验组（n=110）和对照组（n=100）。所有入选患者均在发病12 h内进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）。对照组冠脉口注射替罗非班后进行血栓抽吸,再放置药物支架;试验组通过抽吸导管超选择冠脉闭塞处注射替罗非班后进行血栓抽吸,再放置药物支架。主要观察指标为PCI术后即刻造影结果（TIMI帧数）、术后90 min完全ST 段回落率、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）和肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）峰值、cTnI峰值时间及住院期间主要心脏不良事件和出血风险。结果 两组患者基线特征差异无统计学意义。试验组与对照组术后校正的TIMI帧数分别是（29.25±10.22）s和（37.46±11.32）s（P=0.046）,术后90 min完全ST 段回落率分别是88(80％)和67（67％）（P=0.091）,CK-MB峰值分别是（380.68±298.41）U/L和（425.33±317.62）U/L（P=0.202）,cTnI峰值分别是（12.31±10.08）ng/mL和(15.18±10.89) ng/mL(P=0.191),cTnI峰值时间分别是(17.25±10.72)h和(19.01±11.22)h(P=0.277),可见试验组在数据上比对照组有着更好的趋势。实验组与对照组患者住院期间主要心脏不良事件发生率分别为22 (20%)和18 (18%)（P=0.954）,出血事件发生率分别为14 (13%)和11 (11%)（P=0.926）,无统计学差异。结论 超选择冠脉内注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸相比冠脉口注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸可能更好改善STEMI患者PCI术后早期心肌灌注水平。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.