梅毒性脊膜脊髓炎一例

目的探讨梅毒性脊膜脊髓炎的临床和影像学特点。方法报道1例梅毒性脊膜脊髓炎患者,并对其临床和影像学特征分析。结果患者青年女性,慢性起病,表现为双下肢麻木半年,加重伴右下肢无力2个月。既往2年前有会阴部丘疹病史。神经系统检查示右下肢肌力5-级,右下肢腱反射活跃,右侧巴宾斯基征(+);T7以下针刺觉减退,双侧关节位置觉正常,双髋以下音叉振动觉稍减退;双侧指鼻稳准,双侧跟膝胫试验欠稳准,闭目难立征(+)。血清快速梅毒反应素试验(RPR)(+);脑脊液(CSF)RPR(-);血清梅毒螺旋体血凝试验(TPHA)(+),CSF TPHA(+)。首次胸段磁共振(MRI),(神经科症状出现4个月后)提示T6~7处短T2等T1异常信号,T1强化显著,表现为炎性肉芽肿特征性的"烛泪征"和"翻转征",后经甲强龙和青霉素治疗病灶缩小、症状痊愈。结合其既往病史、脊髓病的临床和影像表现,血和CSF梅毒抗体和相关抗体检测结果,可以确诊为梅毒性脊膜脊髓炎。结论梅毒性脊膜脊髓炎在梅毒早期或晚期均可出现,起病形式可以是急性、亚急性或者慢性,影像学多表现为局部脊髓炎症和炎性肉芽肿,经过正规驱梅治疗病灶和症状均可消失,预后良好。     

下期内容预告

正本刊2016年第7和8期报道专题为中枢神经系统感染,重点内容包括:警惕神经梅毒再次蔓延;脑干脑炎;中枢神经系统人类免疫缺陷病毒及梅毒螺旋体感染研究进展:中国学者海外报道;人类免疫缺陷病毒相关性视神经病变发展历程;人类免疫缺陷病毒相关性脊髓病变研究进展;人类免疫缺陷病毒脑脊液细胞学改变;神经梅毒诊断与治疗新进展;脊髓痨临床及影像学特点分析;梅毒性脊膜脊髓炎临床及影像学特点分析;不同时期神经梅毒患者血清和脑脊液指标及临床特点分     

胸腰段长节段硬膜外脊膜囊肿的诊断和治疗

目的 总结胸腰段硬膜外长节段脊膜囊肿的临床特点、影像学特征和治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析显微手术及病理证实的10例胸腰段硬脊膜囊肿患者的临床资料.本组男4例,女6例,年龄7 - 54岁,平均年龄26.5岁.双下肢麻木无力、大小便功能障碍为主要症状.MRI检查显示T10 -L3水平不同节段区域硬膜囊背侧至双侧椎间孔长T1、长T2囊性信号,囊壁无强化.显微镜下行囊壁切除,脑脊液漏口修补术,术后患者俯卧位7d.结果 手术将囊壁全切或次全切除,病理检查均符合脊膜囊肿,术后患者双下肢无力及大小便功能障碍逐渐恢复,无手术并发症.随访3个月至10年,平均4.1年,所有患者神经功能完好,胸腰椎生理曲度完好,随访期间未见囊肿复发.结论 胸腰段椎管内长节段脊膜囊肿罕见,临床上以慢性脊髓及神经压迫为表现.在MRI上表现为脑脊液信号,囊壁无强化.手术应在显微镜下剥离囊壁,同时修补脑脊液漏口,手术疗效满意.     

干燥综合征继发脑干和长节段脊髓病变1例报道并文献复习

目的报道1例干燥综合征继发脑干和长节段脊髓病变病例。方法回顾性描述1例干燥综合征继发脑干和脊髓病变患者的临床资料、实验室和影像学检查结果以及唇腺活检病理,并复习相关文献进行分析。结果患者为青壮年女性,临床表现为急性起病的右侧肢体麻木和无力,伴口齿不清,血清SSA、Ro-52及SSB均阳性,MRI示双侧脑干及脊髓(胸7-胸11)长节段异常信号,唇腺活检示腺体间淋巴细胞浸润伴小血管周围炎。经大剂量激素冲击治疗后患者右侧肢体无力好转。结论干燥综合征引起脑干和脊髓的同期病变病例报道较少,临床需引起重视。详细的病史追溯、血清自身抗体筛查和唇腺活检病理对诊断具有重要意义。     

信息动态

目的 报道1例干燥综合征继发脑干和长节段脊髓病变病例.方法 回顾性描述1例干燥综合征继发脑干和脊髓病变患者的临床资料、实验室和影像学检查结果以及唇腺活检病理,并复习相关文献进行分析.结果 患者为青壮年女性,临床表现为急性起病的右侧肢体麻木和无力,伴口齿不清,血清SSA、Ro-52及SSB均阳性,MRI示双侧脑干及脊髓(胸7-胸11)长节段异常信号,唇腺活检示腺体间淋巴细胞浸润伴小血管周围炎.经大剂量激素冲击治疗后患者右侧肢体无力好转.结论 干燥综合征引起脑干和脊髓的同期病变病例报道较少,临床需引起重视.详细的病史追溯、血清自身抗体筛查和唇腺活检病理对诊断具有重要意义.     

带状疱疹性脊髓炎7例临床特征分析

目的探讨带状疱疹性脊髓炎的临床特点、影像学特征、诊疗及预后。方法对7例带状疱疹性脊髓炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并进行临床随访。结果 7例患者均有特征性皮疹及脊髓损害症状。5例以皮疹首发,2例以脊髓损害症状首发。4例受累皮节与脊髓节段相符,3例受累皮节低于脊髓损害水平。7例脊髓MR均表现为受累脊髓节段性不规则长T_1、长T_2信号,2例有强化。胸髓病变5例,颈髓2例。7例患者均予激素治疗,5例患者同时予抗病毒治疗。经12~36个月(平均22.7±8.1个月)随访,5例患者痊愈,1例遗留双手指轻微麻木,1例遗留排尿困难。结论带状疱疹性脊髓炎常表现特征性的皮疹和脊髓症状,积极的抗病毒药物和皮质激素治疗,预后较好。     

120例视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病临床特点分析

目的基于2015年诊断标准分析视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)患者的临床特点和影像学特征。方法回顾性分析120例NMOSD患者的临床特点、影像学特征、以及对比水通道蛋白4(AQP4)抗体阳性和阴性患者的临床异同点。结果女性∶男性=2.75∶1,平均发病年龄37.1岁,平均病程21个月,80%患者为复发病程。起病症状视神经炎和脊髓炎分别占41.7%和40%。15.8%患者伴有自身免疫病;5.8%患者伴有内分泌疾病。78.1%的患者AQP4抗体阳性,抗体阳性组疾病严重程度评分显著高于抗体阴性组(P=0.026)。长节段横贯性脊髓炎占83.7%。头部MRI异常见于36.7%(44/120)患者。28.3%(34/120)患者脑脊液白细胞升高(5×10~6/L),脑脊液蛋白49.5 mg/dl(正常值:15~45 mg/dl);30.8%(37/120)患者寡克隆区带阳性;52.2%(24/46)患者髓鞘碱性蛋白阳性;40%(48/120)患者脑脊液免疫球蛋白G升高。结论 2015年诊断标准有助于NMOSD诊断,NMOSD长节段脊髓炎多见,短节段脊髓炎不能排除NMOSD,AQP4抗体阳性患者病情更重,应重视早期诊断。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘临床及影像学特点分析(附9例报告)

目的总结分析硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床及影像学特点,加深认识,提高诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2004年6月~2014年9月在北京积水潭医院确诊的一组9例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床、影像学及治疗转归资料,总结其临床及影像学特点。结果 9例患者中男8例,女1例。病变部位:2例累及颈段,3例累及胸段,4例累及腰骶段及马尾神经根。缓慢进展4例,病程中有波动3例,误诊为其他疾病并在应用激素后病情突然恶化2例。临床上表现为不对称的横贯性脊髓和(或)神经根症状体征,二便和性功能全部受累。脊髓MRI多表现为长节段脊髓病变,T2像矢状位上见到"铅笔征",还可以在髓周见到串珠样、虫蚀样、或管样的多发血管流空影。受累节段越靠近腰骶段及马尾区,髓周见到异常血管流空影比例更高,病程中症状波动机会也更多。脊髓DSA检查见到动静脉瘘口和粗大迂曲扩张的引流静脉确诊。瘘口阻断手术和介入栓塞治疗都是可以选择的治疗办法。本病可以有复发,本组介入栓塞治疗组复发率更高。激素治疗后病情恶化的2例患者在明确诊断、尽快行手术治疗后,仍然可以逐渐缓慢恢复。结论 SDAVF是一组在临床和影像学上有其特点的疾病,脊髓MRI检查有助于诊断,脊髓DSA检查是确诊的手段,当怀疑或者临床不排除本病可能时,避免首先使用激素治疗,而应当先尽早明确诊断。瘘口阻断手术和介入栓塞治疗都是治疗SDAVF的有效方法,即使是激素应用后病情恶化的患者,及早进行手术或栓塞治疗也是有帮助的。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘6例临床和影像学特点分析

目的 探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘（spinal dural arteriovenous fistula,SDAVF）的临床和影像学特点,提高对于SDAVF的认识。方法 对6例确诊SDAVF患者的临床、影像学资料以及治疗与转归等进行回顾性分析。结果 6例患者中5例为中老年男性,1例为青年女性。6例患者的病灶部位均在胸腰段脊髓,其中3例有脊髓圆锥及马尾神经根受累。双下肢麻木症状发病3例,骶尾部或双下肢疼痛发病2例,下肢无力发病2例,6例患者均有尿便和性功能障碍,1例急性起病,5例亚急性或慢性起病。2例呈进行性病程,无明显波动,4例病程中病情有明显波动。脊髓磁共振检查（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）全部病例均见到脊髓轻度增粗和髓内弥漫性长T2异常信号灶,4例脊髓表面尤其是背侧可见到迂曲血管流空影,腰骶段受累病例更加明显。6例均行脊髓数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）检查,见到供血动脉形成的动静脉瘘口以及明显蜿蜒迂曲延长的引流静脉从而确诊本病。全部6例患者的临床体征水平与影像学上病变水平均不甚一致,影像学表现重于临床。4例患者接受了1～3次的介入栓塞治疗,其中3例取得较好疗效,但这3例患者均有复发。结论 SDAVF有其临床和影像学特点。男性中老年患者多见,主要为胸段脊髓或腰骶段脊髓、神经根的症状体征,下肢感觉异常、疼痛、步态异常或运动障碍、尿便和性功能障碍均是常见的临床表现,可先后受累。病程可呈慢性进展,可在波动中进展,也可以进展中有波动。脊髓MRI检查对于本病的诊断可有提示。及早规范的血管栓塞或手术治疗可能取得较好疗效。     

带状疱疹性脊髓炎7例临床分析

目的　探讨带状疱疹性脊髓炎的临床诊断及治疗。方法　回顾分析 7例带状疱疹性脊髓炎患者的临床资料。结果　 7例患者均有特征性皮疹及相应脊髓节段损害的体征 ,1例以脊髓病变为首发 ,6例以皮疹为首发 ;1例有复发的表现 ;3例经MR证实。脑脊液检查无明显的特性异 ,抗病毒治疗有效。结论　带状疱疹性脊髓炎是带状疱疹少见的并发症 ,诊断主要根据脊髓病与特征性带状疱疹之间的密切关系。早期诊断及给予抗病毒治疗有利于康复     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Relationship Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Age and IQ in Preschool and School-Age Children and Adolescents with Autism and with ADHD

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Relationships between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and age and IQ were investigated in children with autism and/or ADHD covering broader age and IQ...     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.