褪黑色素受体1B基因多态性与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探讨我国褪黑色素受体1B(MTNR1B)基因SNP位点rs10830963和rs1387153的多态性与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)遗传易感性的关系。方法采用病例对照研究,分别选取GDM患者(GDM组)184例和对照(NC)组235名,利用PCR-RFLP的方法测定2个SNP位点多态性分布,并进行统计学分析。结果 GDM组FPG高于NC组(P=0.039),但孕前BMI比较差异无统计学意义。SNP位点rs10830963基因型(GG,GC,CC)频率、等位基因频率与NC组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.637,P=0.422)。而SNP位点rs1387153基因型(TT,CT,CC)与NC组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012),且风险基因型TT的频率高于NC组(TTvs TC+CC,P=0.01)。GDM组T等位基因高于NC组(OR:1.517,95%CI:1.147~2.006,P=0.003),且该SNP位点的TT基因型的GDM患者FPG高于其他两个基因型的患者。结论 MTNR1B基因SNP位点rs10830963与GDM无相关性,而SNP位点rs1387153与GDM的易感性相关。     

Pitx3基因多态性与帕金森病易感性的相关性研究

目的探讨Pitx3基因多态性与帕金森病(PD)易感性的关系。方法选择江苏地区汉族的215例PD患者作为PD组,同期选择健康体检者250例作为对照组,利用多重连接酶链反应方法,检测2组Pitx3 2个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点rs2281983和rs3758549基因分布,分析各基因型、等位基因频率、单倍型与PD易感性的关系。结果 PD组与对照组Pitx3基因SNP位点rs2281983的CC、CT和TT基因型(6.5%vs 7.2%,42.3%vs 41.2%,51.2%vs 51.6%,χ2=0.274,P=0.717)和等位基因频率(χ2=0.159,P=0.423)分布比较,差异无统计学意义。PD组与对照组rs3758549的CC、CT和TT基因型(57.8%vs 66.4%,34.4%vs 29.2%,7.9%vs 4.4%,χ2=9.144,P=0.023)和等位基因频率(χ2=10.138,P=0.011)分布比较,差异有统计学意义。2组Pitx3基因C-C、C-T单倍型分布比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,PD组T-T单倍型增加PD易感性(OR=1.299,95%CI:1.003¹.863,P=0.048)。结论江苏地区汉族人群中,Pitx3基因的rs3758549位点基因型分布和等位基因频率与PD易感性之间有显著关联性,Pitx3基因的单倍型TT可能与PD易感性相关。     

造血干细胞表达同源盒基因与妊娠期糖尿病的易感性分析

目的探讨我国中部地区人群中造血干细胞表达同源盒(HHEX)基因多态性与GDM易感性的关系。方法采用病例对照研究,选取GDM患者311例(GDM组)和正常糖耐量的孕妇345名(GNGT组)。采用PCR-RFLP方法检测两个SNP位点多态性分布。结果GDM组TG、FPG以及HbA1c水平均高于GNGT组(P0.05)。HHEX基因SNP位点rs5015480基因型(CC、CT、TT)及等位基因频率与GNGT组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.623,P=0.022;χ2=5.803,P=0.016),携带CC基因型人群GDM的风险比其他基因型风险高(OR3.899,95%CI1.808~8.409)。而SNP位点rs1111875基因型(GG、GA、AA)以及等位基因频率与GNGT组比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=3.151,P=0.207;χ2=1.671,P=0.196)。SNP位点CC基因型患者TG水平高于其他基因型患者(t=2.401,P=0.027);不同基因型HDL-C,LDL-C、FPG及HbA1c水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HHEX基因SNP位点rs5015480与GDM的易感性相关,且该位点多态性可能与TG水平有关。     

CYP17A1基因多态性与冠心病遗传易感性的研究

目的探讨CYP17A1(rs4409766,rs1004467)基因多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)遗传易感性之间的关系。方法选取2014年6月~2016年2月于青岛大学附属医院心血管内科住院并行冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病和非冠心病的患者为研究对象,应用实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)技术对冠心病患者88例(CHD组)和非冠心病患者89例(非CHD组),进行CYP17A1基因rs4409766,rs1004467的SNP分析,比较基因型频率及等位基因频率在2组间的分布。结果 CYP17A1基因rs4409766位点的基因型分布在CHD组和非CHD组之间无差别(P0.05),但是CC与CT+TT基因型分布比较两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.038);rs1004467位点的基因型和等位基因分布在CHD组和非CHD组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CYP17A1的rs4409766位点的基因多态性与冠心病的发生有关联。     

过敏性哮喘儿童血清IL-1β检测水平及基因多态性分析

目的探讨过敏性哮喘儿童血清IL-1β检测水平及基因多态性。方法本院过敏性哮喘儿童78例为病例组,同时选择我院门诊行健康体检的正常儿童67例作为对照组,Elisa法检测病例组及对照组血清IL-1β水平,同时连接酶检测技术检测IL-1β基因的rs1143643、rs11436272多态性。结果病例组血清IL-1β水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组IL-1βrs1143643 CC基因型比例高于对照组,IL-1βrs1143643 TT基因型比例低于对照组,其基因分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);IL-1βrs1143643 CC基因型,能增加过敏性哮喘易感性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组IL-1βrs1143643 C等位基因频率比例高于对照组,IL-1βrs1143643 T等位基因频率比例低于对照组,其等位基因频率分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);IL-1βrs1143643 C等位基因频率能增加过敏性哮喘易感性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组IL-1βrs1143627 AA基因型比例与对照组相近,IL-1βrs1143627 GG基因型比例与对照组相近,其基因分布比较,差异无计学意义(P0.05);IL-1βrs1143627 AA基因型不能增加过敏性哮喘易感性,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组IL-1βrs1143627 A等位基因频率比例与对照组相近,IL-1βrs1143627 G等位基因频率比例与对照组相近,其等位基因频率分布比较,差异无计学意义(P0.05);IL-1βrs1143627 A等位基因频率不能增加过敏性哮喘易感性,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组IL-1βrs1143643 TT、CT型FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC、FVC水平高于CC型,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TT型FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC、FVC水平高于CT型,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论过敏性哮喘儿童血清IL-1β水平升高,IL-1βrs1143643 CC基因型能增加过敏性哮喘的易感性,IL-1βrs1143643 TT基因型可能是过敏性哮喘的保护因素;rs1143627 A/T各基因型突变型与哮喘无关联性。     

CDKAL1基因多态性与妊娠期糖尿病及其临床特点的相关性研究

目的 探讨我国南方人群中CDKAL1基因两个SNP位点rs7754840和rs10448033的多态性与GDM易感性的关系. 方法 采用病例对照研究,分别选取GDM患者(GDM组)153例和正常糖耐量的孕妇(GNGT组)180名.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性分析法(PCR-RFLP)测定两个SNP位点多态性分布,并进行统计学分析. 结果 GDM组孕前BMI、FPG、TG均高于GNGT组,TC、HDL-C及LDL-C均低于GNGT组(P＜0.05).SNP位点rs7754840基因型(CC,GC,GG)频率和等位基因频率与GNGT组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.937、0.933);而SNP位点rs10440833基因型(AA,AT,TT)与GNGT组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.024),且风险基因型TT的频率高于GNGT组(TTvs TC+CC,P=0.032);GDM组A等位基因频率高于GNGT组[OR(95％CI):1.519(1.114～2.071),P=0.008];AA基因型患者的FPG高于其他基因型(P=0.011),TG高于TT基因型(P=0.007),HDL C低于TT基因型(P=0.001). 结论 CDKAL1基因SNP位点rs7754840与GDM无相关性;SNP位点rs10440833与GDM的易感性相关,且该位点多态性可能与血糖、TG及LDL-C的水平有关.     

TSPAN8基因多态性与广西扶绥县肝癌家系遗传易感性关系研究

目的探讨广西扶绥县肝癌高发家系TSPAN8基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与肝癌遗传易感性的关系。方法收集广西扶绥县肝癌高发区20个肝癌高发家系(肝癌患者20例及直系亲属59例)及10个正常对照家系(共40例)作为研究对象,运用飞行时间质谱分析技术(MALDI-TOF)检测TSPAN8基因rs2270587位点基因型,分析该基因位点多态性与肝癌家系遗传易感性的关系。结果 (1)TSPAN8基因rs2270587位点存在C、T两种等位基因型及CC、CT和TT三种基因型。(2)正常家系组及肝癌家系非患者组CT基因型个体罹患HCC的风险分别是CC基因型个体的0.34倍(95%CI=0.07~1.59,P0.05)和0.42倍(95%CI=0.11~1.66,P0.05);正常家系组中T等位基因个体罹患HCC的风险是C等位基因个体的0.29倍(95%CI=0.09~0.92,P=0.028),肝癌家系非患者组中T等位基因个体罹患HCC的风险是C等位基因个体的0.46倍(95%CI=0.15~1.42,P0.05)。结论 TSPAN8基因rs2270587位点多态性与广西肝癌遗传易感性有相关性,T等位基因型可能是广西扶绥县HCC发生的保护因素。     

半乳糖凝集素-2基因变异与急性冠状动脉综合征风险关联研究

目的:研究半乳糖凝集素-2(LGALS2)基因变异与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)惟患风险之间的关系.方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法对248例ACS组患者、212例稳定性心绞痛组患者和138例对照组患者检测LGALS2基因C3279T位点基因型、基因型频率,等位基因、等位基因频率,用冠状动脉造影测定病变血管支数和狭窄程度积分,用酶联免疫吸附法测试血浆淋巴毒素α和血管细胞黏附分子-1水平;用散射比浊法测试血浆C反应蛋白水平;探索基因型变异与ACS风险、病变血管支数、狭窄程度积分和3个细胞因子水平之间的关系.结果:ACS组与对照组比TT基因型频率和T等位基因频率显著减低(P＜0.01和P＜0.001),差异有统计学意义;稳定性心绞痛组与对照组比TT基因型频率和T等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CT TT基因型发生ACS的危险性与CC基因型发生ACS的危险性比(OR=0.73,P＜0.01)、T等位基因发生ACS的危险性与C等位基因发生ACS的危险性比(OR=0.67,P＜0.001)差异均有统计学意义;但CT TT基因型发生稳定性心绞痛的危险性与CC基因型发生稳定性心绞痛的危险性比(OR=0.84,P＞0.05)、T等位基因发生稳定性心绞痛的危险性与C等位基因发生稳定性心绞痛的危险性比(OR=0.84,P＞0.05)差异均无统计学意义.基因型与冠状动脉病变程度:TT基因型与CC基因型比血管病变支数频率和狭窄程度积分均显著降低(P＜0.05和P＜0.001).基因型变异与炎性细胞因子:TT基因型与CC基因型比血浆淋巴毒素α、C反应蛋白、血管黏附分子-1水平均显著降低(均P＜0.001).结论:LGALS2基因C3279T位点变异对ACS易患风险、血管病变程度和炎症级联反应起保护作用.     

ASP基因rs2250656位点多态性与新疆汉族及少数民族脂质代谢及冠心病严重程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨ASP基因rs2250656位点多态性与新疆汉族及少数民族脂质代谢及冠心病严重程度的相关性。方法:纳入新疆地区冠心病患者818例,其中汉族组489例,少数民族组329例。采用SNPscanTM高通量基因分型技术检测所纳入患者基因多态性,并检测血脂水平及冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度。结果:ASP基因rs2250656位点TT基因型汉族组(61.8%)明显高于少数民族组(52.9%),TC基因型少数民族组(32.9%)明显高于汉族组(41.3%),分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组等位基因T与C频率分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。少数民族组基因型亚组间的甘油三酯水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中CC基因型甘油三酯水平明显高于TT基因型及TC基因型;少数民族组基因型亚组间的冠脉病变程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中CC基因型病变严重程度高于TT基因型及TC基因型。结论:ASP基因rs2250656位点C等位基因与少数民族冠心病患者甘油三酯增高有一定相关性,CC基因型可能是少数民族冠心病的危险因素之一,而其与汉族冠心病的发病可能无一定...     

广东汉族人群PPARGC1A基因rs6821591和rs2970847位点单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病遗传易感性的关联研究

目的探讨T2DM遗传易感性与广东汉族人群PPARGC1A基因rs6821591和rs2970847位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的关联。方法采用病例对照设计,运用SNPscanTM分型技术检测T2DM组和正常对照组(NC)PPARGC1A基因rs6821591和rs2970847位点的基因型,比较两组基因型及等位基因频率分布。结果 NC、T2DM组rs6821591位点T、C等位基因频率分别为67.31%、32.69%/67.57%、32.43%,rs2970847为23.91%、76.09%/23.95%、76.05%,两组双位点等位基因频率分布及TT/CT/CC基因型频率分布比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。调整协变量前后,两组rs6821591和rs2970847位点的隐性、显性、共显性及超显性遗传模型比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论T2DM遗传易感性可能与广东汉族人群PPARGC1A基因rs6821591和rs2970847位点SNP无明显关联。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.