甲状腺肿瘤手术中喉返神经损伤的原因及预防

目的 探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的原因及预防措施。方法 手术治疗272例甲状腺肿瘤患。术中常规显露喉返神经，行甲状腺叶或腺叶 峡部切除术治疗原发灶。对淋巴结转移行功能性清扫术。并观察术后是否发生声带麻痹及喉返神经损伤．结果 全部患手术均获成功。共解剖喉返神经304侧。无1例发生声带麻痹及喉返神经损伤．结论 熟悉喉返神经的解剖及变异，术中常规显露喉返神经。是甲状腺肿瘤手术中预防喉返神经损伤的有效方法。     

喉返神经解剖在迷你腹腔镜甲状腺手术中的应用

目的:探索喉返神经解剖在迷你腹腔镜甲状腺手术中的可行性.方法:对23例迷你腹腔镜甲状腺肿瘤切除术中的7例进行喉返神经解剖显露,评估其对预防喉返神经损伤的手术疗效.结果:7例均顺利完成喉返神经解剖显露,未发现与解剖显露手术操作有关的并发症.结论:迷你腹腔镜甲状腺手术中喉返神经解剖显露是安全可行的,对预防术中、术后喉返神经损伤引起的声嘶具有重要意义.     

甲状腺肿瘤手术中喉返神经解剖显露的意义

目的探讨甲状腺肿瘤手术喉返神经解剖显露对预防和减少喉返神经损伤的意义。方法比较解剖显露喉返神经413例甲状腺肿瘤手术及392例不解剖显露的甲状腺肿瘤手术的并发症。结果解剖组413例中有1例术中在解剖时损伤喉返神经,术中术后出现声嘶;而不解剖393例则有15例出现术后声嘶,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论甲状腺肿瘤手术中解剖显露喉返神经对减少和预防术中术后喉返神经损伤引起的声嘶具有重要意义。     

甲状腺手术中喉返神经解剖的临床分析

目的 探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经的显露方式及临床意义,减少术中喉返神经的损伤.方法 回顾性分析490例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,术前均行喉镜检查双侧声带运动情况,所有手术均在全麻下进行并常规显露喉返神经,手术切除范围以CT及术中快速病理为指导,并对喉返神经的显露特点、损伤情况进行分析.结果 共解剖喉返神经624条,左侧304条,右侧320条,未发现有喉不返神经病例.其中有5例术后出现声音嘶哑、音调下降.其中有1例术中证实为肿瘤侵犯喉返神经,予部分神经切除,其余4例术后行电子喉镜检查示一侧声带运动障碍,发声均在4～8周左右恢复.结论 熟悉相关解剖,术中做到有计划、仔细、轻柔的解剖,充分考虑到各种变异因素,能有效避免喉返神经损伤.     

解剖显露喉返神经在甲状腺肿瘤手术中的意义

目的 探讨在甲状腺肿瘤手术中常规解剖显露喉返神经与喉返神经损伤的关系.方法 50例甲状腺肿瘤患者随机分成常规解剖显露喉返神经组(A组)25例和不解剖显露喉返神经组(B组)25例.手术后观察比较两组喉返神经损伤的发生情况.结果 A组未发现喉返神经损伤病例,损伤率为0%(0/25).B组喉返神经损伤1例,损伤率为4%(1/25),两组神经损伤率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 甲状腺肿瘤手术中喉返神经的常规解剖显露可以降低喉返神经损伤的发生率.     

解剖显露喉返神经在甲状腺肿瘤手术中的意义

目的 探讨在甲状腺肿瘤手术中常规解剖显露喉返神经与喉返神经损伤的关系.方法 50例甲状腺肿瘤患者随机分成常规解剖显露喉返神经组(A组)25例和不解剖显露喉返神经组(B组)25例.手术后观察比较两组喉返神经损伤的发生情况.结果 A组未发现喉返神经损伤病例,损伤率为0%(0/25).B组喉返神经损伤1例,损伤率为4%(1/25),两组神经损伤率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 甲状腺肿瘤手术中喉返神经的常规解剖显露可以降低喉返神经损伤的发生率.     

甲状腺肿瘤切除对相关神经损伤的预防分析

目的探讨甲状腺切除时对相关神经损伤的原因及预防措施。方法治疗甲状腺肿瘤156例，术中显露喉返神经，行甲状腺腺叶或腺叶加峡部切除治疗原发灶。结果术后出现暂时性喉返神经损伤1例，喉返神经损伤发生率为0．6％（1／156）。结论熟悉喉返神经的解剖及变异，术中显露喉返神经，是甲状腺肿瘤手术中预防喉返神经损伤的有效方法。     

中间入路解剖喉返神经在甲状腺全切和次全切除术中应用

目的探讨中间入路解剖喉返神经在甲状腺全切和次全切除术应用的作用。方法对281例中间入路解剖喉返神经在甲状腺全切和次全切除术应用的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果281例在术中共解剖喉返神经537条。术后出现声音嘶哑3例,其中2例经消肿、营养神经治疗2周内发音恢复正常;1例声音嘶哑症状改善,但未能完全康复,6个月后喉镜检查声带考虑永久性麻痹。结论为减少喉返神经损伤,在甲状腺手术中运用中间入路解剖喉返神经是一种更安全有效的新方法。     

甲状腺手术中防治喉返神经损伤的探讨

目的 探讨甲状腺手术中防治喉返神经损伤的方法.方法 回顾性分析我院260例甲状腺手术病例中喉返神经损伤的情况.结果 喉返神经损伤4例(1.6%),横断伤2例,钳夹1例,癌侵犯1例.2例横断伤,术中行端端吻合,1例癌侵犯喉返神经者,当即予以自体耳大神经移植修复神经损伤.4例随访1年,声音恢复满意.结论 甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤多为机械性损伤,对于甲状腺全切除术、体积较大的甲状腺次全切除术应该常规显露喉返神经.喉返神经损伤一经诊断尽早手术修复.     

甲状腺手术中防治喉返神经损伤的研究

目的 探讨了甲状腺手术中防治喉返神经损伤的.方法 分析我院65例甲状腺手术病例中喉返神经损伤的情况.结果 喉返神经损伤1例(1.5%),钳夹1例,癌侵犯1例,横断伤2例.横断伤中,术中行端端吻合,1例癌侵犯喉返神经者,当即予以自体耳大神经移植修复神经损伤.2例随访1年,声音恢复满意.结论 甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤多为机械性损伤,对于甲状腺全切除术,体积较大的甲状腺次全切除术应该常规显露喉返神经.喉返神经损伤一经诊断尽早手术修复.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.