肾动脉介入栓塞治疗肾动静脉瘘的临床观察

目的：提高肾动静脉瘘（AVF）的诊治效果。方法：应用肾动脉造影或数字减影血管造影（DSA）诊断肾动脉静脉瘘15例,并作超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞治疗。结果：15例均经肾动脉造影明确诊断。栓塞术后当天肉眼血尿.消失。结论：肾动脉造影是诊断肾动静脉瘘的最佳方法;超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞既保存了肾功能,又达到了止血目的。     

先天性肾动静脉瘘的DSA诊断与治疗

目的提高先天性肾动静脉瘘的诊治效果。方法应用肾动脉数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞方法诊治先天性肾动静脉瘘３例。结果３例经ＤＳＡ明确诊断,在栓塞术后当日肉眼血尿消失,２４～７２小时后尿常规正常。术后７２小时内有腰酸痛、低热、腹胀,无肾性高血压发生。结论ＤＳＡ是明确肾动静脉瘘的最佳诊断方法,可同时进行超选择性肾动脉介入栓塞,既保存了肾功能又达到止血目的     

肾动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗（附6例报告）

目的探讨肾动静脉瘘的诊断和治疗方法。方法1996年至2006年经超选择性肾动脉造影确诊的6例肾动静脉瘘患者,原发性动静脉瘘5例,获得性动静脉瘘1例;临床表现严重血尿5例,高血压1例。4例行经皮超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗,2例行肾切除术。结果4例栓塞后血尿得到控制,随访5个月-8年,均无复发;2例肾切除者血尿消失,血压下降。结论影像学是诊断肾动静脉瘘的主要手段,超选择性肾动脉造影是确诊的首选方法;动脉栓塞是最佳治疗方法,创伤小、疗效确切,还可最大限度保留患侧肾功能;肾功能丧失者可考虑肾切除。     

肾动静脉瘘的选择性血管造影与栓塞治疗(附20例报告)

目的 提高肾动静脉瘘介入诊断和治疗水平。方法 20例患者均有反复间歇性全程肉眼血尿，曾行超声、KUB、IVU、CT、泌尿系内镜检查，未能明确病因。行选择性肾动脉造影或(和)超选择性肾段动脉造影确诊为肾动静脉多瘘，采用明胶海绵加鱼肝油酸钠／无水乙醇、聚乙烯醇(PVA)微粒、TH胶、钢圈等对病变血管选择性栓塞。对肾动脉造影的征象和选择性栓塞治疗资料进行分析。结果 20例按影像特点分3类：(1)肾内畸形血管团及动静脉分流现象，共11例；(2)肾动静脉大分支之间高流量的分流而无畸形血管团，共4例；(3)肾动脉主干造影末显示畸形血管团和显著分流，超选择肾段动脉造影或应用气体造影剂则显示微小分流病变，共5例。20例均采用超选择性栓塞供血动脉治疗，栓塞当天肉眼血尿即消失，24～72h后镜下血尿阴转。术后72h内术侧腰部均出现酸痛，尚有发热、腹胀、恶心等症状。结论 选择性肾动脉造影和栓塞术是肾动静脉瘘主要的诊断和治疗方法。CO2造影有助于隐匿型肾动静脉瘘的诊断。     

肾动静脉瘘致妊娠期血尿2例并文献复习

目的探讨肾动静脉瘘致妊娠期血尿的诊断及处理方法。方法回顾2例肾动静脉瘘致妊娠期血尿的病例资料,并复习文献进行分析总结。结果 2例肾动静脉瘘致妊娠期血尿患者,年龄分别为28、30岁,均为妊娠期间出现反复间歇性全程肉眼血尿,曾行超声、CT检查,未能明确病因。分别于妊娠7周、8周就诊。均行选择性肾动脉造影或(和)超选择性肾段动脉造影确诊为肾动静脉多瘘,采用明胶海绵微粒、微弹簧圈对病变血管予以选择性栓塞。2例均采用超选择性栓塞供血动脉治疗,栓塞当天肉眼血尿即消失,术后72h内术侧腰部均出现酸痛,尚有低热、腹胀、恶心等症状。结论肾动静脉瘘有血流动力学改变并可发生破裂,妊娠期的高动力循环状态使畸形血管易于破裂,导致血尿。选择性肾动脉造影和栓塞术是肾动静脉瘘主要的诊断和治疗方法。     

医源性肾动脉损伤性出血的介入诊疗

目的探讨超选择性动脉造影与栓塞治疗医源性肾动脉损伤性出血的临床价值。方法对11例肾穿刺活检或经皮肾镜取石术后大量肉眼血尿患者实施超选择性肾动脉造影与栓塞术,栓塞材料采用明胶海绵与弹簧圈。结果 11例中,假性动脉瘤2例,动-静脉瘘2例,假性动脉瘤合并动静脉瘘5例,动脉-肾盏瘘2例;损伤血管为肾脏后段、下段动脉及其叶间动脉分支,单支血管损伤10例,多支血管损伤1例。单纯采用明胶海绵栓塞4例,单纯采用弹簧圈栓塞4例,二者联合栓塞3例,其中1例为明胶海绵栓塞24h后复发尿血改用弹簧圈栓塞。栓塞后10min造影示出血征象消失,1~3天后患者血尿逐渐消失,未发生严重并发症。结论动静脉瘘为医源性肾动脉损伤的主要表现,以单发病变多见;超选择性动肾脉造影可迅速明确诊断,超选择性肾动脉栓塞微创、安全、有效,应作为治疗医源性肾动脉损伤性出血的首选方法。     

特发性肾出血36例诊治分析

目的：探讨特发性肾出血的诊断与治疗,提高其诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月～2010年8月我科收治的特发性肾出血36例。结果：36例患者中肾动静脉瘘28例,微小肾盂及。肾盏癌4例,肾动脉瘤3例,肾假性动脉瘤1例。其中29例行选择性肾动脉栓塞术,2例行肾切除术,4例行肾盂癌根治术,所有治疗后患者血尿均消失;1例因肾动静脉瘘多处,未进行治疗。结论：外科常见的特发性肾出血病例以肾血管疾病最为常见,选择性肾动脉造影及肾动脉栓塞术对特发性肾出血的诊治有重要意义。对于难以确诊的特发性肾出血患者,要考虑到微小肾盂肾盏癌的可能,输尿管软镜检查对其诊断有一定帮助。     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗微创经皮肾取石术后严重出血46例报告

目的:探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血的原因和总结超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗的经验。方法:对2004年3月～2010年1月微创经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血需行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗46例病例进行回顾性分析。结果:46例经肾动脉造影证实22例假性动脉瘤,8例小动脉损伤,8例动静脉瘘,4例假性动脉瘤并动静脉瘘,4例未见动脉病变。46例患者中,36例行一次栓塞术后出血停止,5例行两次栓塞术后出血停止,4例肾动脉造影时未见异常,予灌注止血药物后治愈,1例栓塞术后出血停止但第2天突然死亡。结论:微创经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血主要与手术导致的肾血管损伤有关,超选择性肾动脉栓塞疗效安全确切。     

肾动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肾动静脉瘘的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析8例肾动静脉瘘患者的临床资料。其中原发性动静脉瘘5例，继发于肾肿瘤2例、外伤1例。结果 2例肾肿瘤者1例行肾切除术，1例因肿瘤转移仅行化疗。6例行经皮超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗。随访6-60个月，1例栓塞失败者行肾切除术，1例瘘管再通者行二次栓塞治疗。一次栓塞成功者4例。结论 影像学检查是诊断肾动静脉瘘的主要手段，除恶性肿瘤外经皮超选择性肾动脉栓塞是治疗肾动静脉瘘的首选方法。     

经皮肾穿刺术后出血原因和介入栓塞治疗

目的 探讨经皮肾穿刺取石术后出血的原因和介入栓塞治疗的经验.方法 对2006年6月至2007年6月经皮肾穿刺取石术后并发大出血行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗8例进行回顾性分析.结果 8例患者7例一次性治愈,1例肾动脉造影时不见造影剂外溢或驻留,5 d后在大出血时再次行肾动脉造影发现造影剂外溢,行栓塞治疗后治愈.8例经肾动脉造影证实:2例假性动脉瘤,5例动静脉瘘,1例假性动脉瘤合并动静脉瘘.8例患者的肾功能在栓塞治疗前后没有变化.结论 经皮肾穿刺取石术后出血的原因与手术导致肾血管损伤有关,超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗疗效确切.     

Renal-sparing procedures in the management of renal arteriovenous fistula]

Five cases of renal arteriovenous fistula which were treated by renal-sparing procedures are reported. Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed in three cases of circoid type arteriovenous fistula. Gross hematuria stopped immediately after the treatment in these three cases. Another two patients, whose arteriovenous fistula were aneurysmal type, were treated by ligation of the feeding artery. Although there were no symptoms after the surgery, the follow-up renal arteriography revealed the residue of a small amount of arteriovenous fistula in one of the aneurysmal type cases. We suggest that the renal arteriovenous fistula be classified into circoid type and aneurysmal type in the diagnosis for the appropriate treatment of renal arteriovenous fistula. It is important to select the renal-sparing procedure according to the type of renal arteriovenous fistula.     

Transluminal repair of large intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas

Renal arteriovenous fistulas may be treated with radiological embolization or surgical ablation. Although recent reports in the literature have proposed embolization as the treatment of choice for renal arteriovenous fistulas, this form of therapy can be associated with significant morbidity in large arteriovenous communications. We report 3 cases of a large intrarenal arteriovenous fistula treated by transparenchymal repair. This technique offers an excellent method of obliterating the fistula without sacrificing the renal parenchyma.     

Successful transarterial embolization of idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula.

A case of idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula in a 46-year-old woman presenting intensive right renal colic associated to massive hematuria is reported. The renal arteriography confirmed the diagnosis and embolization of the fistula was performed. The transarterial embolization was successful no recurrence is observed after one year follow-up.     

经动脉栓塞治疗肾内动静脉畸形后血管再通的治疗

目的探讨经动脉栓塞治疗肾内动静脉畸形后畸形血管再通的原因和治疗。方法回顾性分析4例肾内动静脉畸形经动脉栓塞治疗,术后畸形血管发生血管再通患者的临床资料。本组共4例,男1例,女3例,年龄19~70岁。左肾2例,右肾2例;1支肾动脉2例,2支肾动脉2例。经动脉造影明确诊断,并应用明胶海绵栓塞治疗,术中见栓塞确实,出血停止。术后1~24 h再次出现血尿,发生畸形血管再通。结果行二次动脉造影证实原动静脉畸形处血管再通,应用弹簧圈超选择性栓塞治愈。随诊未发现畸形血管再通。结论经动脉栓塞治疗先天性肾内动静脉畸形应采用超选择性动脉栓塞技术,用明胶海绵栓塞易发生血管再通。应用合适大小的弹簧圈超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾内动静脉畸形可以取得确实疗效。     

Renal arteriovenous fistula detected 25 years after nephrolithotomy: a case report]

We report a case of intrarenal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with macroscopic hematuria detected after nephrolithotomy performed 25 years previously. The present case, successfully treated by transcatheter embolization with steel coils, is the eighth case of postnephrolithotomy AVF reported in English and Japanese literatures. The necessity of renal arteriography in patients with postoperative massive hematuria is stressed.     

Transcatheter embolization of huge renal arteriovenous aneurysm: a case report--review of 270 cases of renal arteriovenous fistula reported in Japan

We report a case of huge renal arteriovenous aneurysm, which was successfully treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). A 72-year-old woman was admitted with the clinical symptom of dyspnea on effort. She felt a tremor in the left abdomen. Computerized tomographic scan showed a large enhanced mass (8x7x7 cm) on the left kidney. Selective renal arteriography revealed a renal arteriovenous aneurysm. Transcatheter arterial embolization with a steel coil was performed with minimal loss of renal parenchyma. A total of 270 cases of arteriovenous fistula have been reported in Japan and were statistically analyzed. The number of reports on TAE has dramatically increased since 1978, TAE can be first indicated for treatment of renal arteriovenous fistula in view of less invasiveness and preservation of renal function.