兔抗人PIWIL4蛋白多克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的 制备兔抗人PIWIL4的多克隆抗体,并鉴定其特异性,应用组织芯片初步探讨其在人类正常及肿瘤组织中的分布.方法 合成特异性PIWIL 4多肽,以马来酰胺活化匙孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)作为载体构建多肽免疫原,通过致敏大白兔, 制备兔抗人PIWIL4多克隆抗体,然后用亲和层析法纯化抗体.用ELISA和western方法进行抗体验证,并应用人组织芯片进行PIWIL4的免疫组化研究.结果 通过构建P IWIL4多肽-KLH载体复合物致敏大白兔,我们制备了兔抗人PIWIL4蛋白多克隆抗体,经ELIS A 及Western blot证实兔抗人PIWIL4抗体可特异性识别PIWIL4多肽,在人组织芯片中通过免疫组化染色显示该抗体在BU部分正常组织和肿瘤组织中呈阳性染色.结论 本项研究成功制备兔抗人PIWIL4多克隆抗体,为进一步研究PIWIL4在人类疾病中的意义提供了有利工具.     

人Argonaute3蛋白：多克隆抗体制备、鉴定及组织芯片检测其在各种癌组织中的表达

目的:制备兔抗人Argonaute3(AGO3)的多克隆抗体,并鉴定其特异性,应用组织芯片初步探讨其在人类正常及肿瘤组织中的分布.方法:合成特异性AGO3多肽,以马来酰胺活化匙孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)作为载体构建多肽免疫原,通过致敏大白兔,制备兔抗人AGO3多克隆抗体,然后用亲和层析法纯化抗体.用ELISA和Western方法进行抗体验证,并应用人组织芯片进行AGO3的免疫组化研究.结果:通过构建AGO3多肽-KLH载体复合物致敏大白兔,我们制备了兔抗人AGO3蛋白多克隆抗体,末次抗血清效价为l:20 000,经ELISA及Western blot证实兔抗人AGO3抗体可特异性识别AGO3多肽,在人组织芯片中通过免疫组化染色显示该抗体在很多正常组织上皮细胞及肿瘤细胞胞浆中呈阳性染色.结论:本项研究成功制备兔抗人AGO3多克隆抗体,为进一步研究AGO3在微小RNA/RNA干扰通路中的作用及在人类疾病中的意义提供了有利工具.     

人Argonaute2蛋白多克隆抗体制备及初步应用

目的:制备人Argonaute2(Ago2)的多克隆抗体,鉴定其特异性,并应用该抗体检测Ago2在人各细胞系中的表达差异及细胞定位。方法:用DNAstar软件寻找抗原性高的Ago2序列区域(命名为k-Ago2),构建k-Ago2的表达质粒,转化大肠杆菌并诱导表达。融合蛋白经切胶回收纯化后免疫大白兔制备抗体。以ELISA检测抗体效价,Western blot鉴定抗体特异性及检测Ago2在细胞系中的表达差异,免疫荧光染色观察Ago2的细胞定位。结果:成功构建表达质粒,继而k-Ago2得以表达与纯化,免疫大白兔后得到Ago2多克隆抗体。ELISA检测抗体效价为1∶19 000,Western blot确定抗体具有高度特异性,并成功地用该抗体检测到Ago2在人各细胞系中的表达差异及细胞定位。结论:Ago2多克隆抗体的成功制备,对RNAi机制的深入研究及其进一步的临床应用均具有重要价值。     

果蝇jumeaux蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的原核表达及纯化重组果蝇jumeaux(jumu)蛋白,制备大鼠抗果蝇jumu多克隆抗体。方法用RT-PCR方法扩增jumu基因,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pRSETA中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)并用IPTG诱导His-jumu融合蛋白的表达。表达产物经SDS-PAGE及Western blot方法鉴定基因片段的正确性及蛋白表达的特异性后,用Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化带有6×His标签的融合蛋白,用纯化后的蛋白免疫SD大鼠制备多克隆抗体。以Western blot、免疫荧光染色法鉴定抗体的特异性,并用制备的抗体检测jumu在果蝇不同器官中的表达情况。结果成功构建了pRSETA-jumu原核表达质粒,jumu融合蛋白在大肠杆菌内高表达并纯化,免疫SD大鼠得到抗jumu多克隆抗体。用Western blot和免疫荧光染色检测发现制备的抗体有较强的特异性,并能检测内源性蛋白。通过免疫荧光染色发现jumu的表达存在组织特异性,且在唾液腺中的表达量最高。结论成功获得了抗jumu蛋白的特异性抗体,为进一步研究jumu蛋白的功能和作用机制奠定了基础。     

抗新生血管蛋白KBP多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的激肽释放酶结合蛋白(Kallikrein-binding protein,KBP)具有抑制血管新生的高活性,但目前尚无KBP的特异性抗体,限制其进一步研究。本研究拟制备高灵敏度和高特异性的KBP抗体并对其进行初步评估。方法构建含大鼠源性KBP序列的pET-28a重组载体的大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在此基础上,扩增表达菌,经异丙基B.D一硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,Ni-NTA色谱柱亲和层析纯化获得KBP重组蛋白。利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法对KBP进行鉴定。以纯化产物为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,获得兔抗KBP血清,亲和纯化获得多克隆抗体。应用Elisa和Western-blot方法检测纯化抗体的效价和特异性。结果 KBP融合蛋白得到高表达,且纯度大于85%。用该融合蛋白免疫大白兔后得到的抗KBP抗体,效价达1∶512 000,并特异性识别大鼠和人组织中天然的KBP蛋白。结论以纯化的KBP重组蛋白为抗原,获得KBP多克隆抗体,具有较好的效价和特异性,为KBP功能和作用机制的深入研究提供了必要的工具。     

QKI蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的:获得原核表达的RNA结合蛋白QKI-7蛋白,并制备其兔抗QKI多克隆抗体。方法:将成功插入QKI-7编码区cDNA的PET32b( )原核表达载体用热休克法转化BL21(DE3)感受态细菌,以IPTG诱导6×His-QKI-7融合蛋白的表达,分别经金属鳌合柱、反向柱和强阴离子交换柱进行层析纯化。经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定后,应用纯化的融合蛋白,分别以弗氏佐剂、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、NC膜作为佐剂免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,并以Western blot进行检测。结果:经表达并纯化的QKI-7蛋白纯度达到95%以上,应用纯化的融合蛋白以弗氏佐剂作为佐剂免疫新西兰大白兔后获得高滴度,特异性的抗QKI的多克隆抗体。结论:成功地表达并纯化了QKI-7蛋白,并制备了高滴度、高特异性的抗QKI多克隆抗体。采用弗氏佐剂作为免疫佐剂进行免疫的效果优于聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和NC膜。     

醛脱氢酶8A1融合蛋白的表达及其多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的:重组表达醛脱氢酶8A1(aldehyde dehydrogenase 8 family member A1,ALDH8A1)蛋白,制备其多克隆抗体,并进行抗体的特异性鉴定,以及蛋白在组织和细胞内的定位。方法:以成人肝cDNA文库为模板,PCR扩增ALDH8A1目的片段,并构建重组表达载体pGEX-4T-1-ALDH8A1和pET-32a-ALDH8A1,经测序鉴定插入载体的DNA片段序列正确后,转化大肠杆菌BL21,诱导表达GST-ALDH8A1和His-AL-DH8A1融合蛋白。经Western blot确定其为目的蛋白后,纯化重组融合蛋白,并以GST-ALDH8A1免疫家兔制备抗人AL-DH8A1多克隆抗体。用His-ALDH8A1包板,ELISA法测定兔抗人ALDH8A1血清效价;Western blot鉴定兔抗人ALDH8A1血清在重组蛋白和天然蛋白中的反应特异性;免疫组化法确定ALDH8A1蛋白在组织和细胞中的定位。结果:成功构建重组表达载体pGEX-4T-1-ALDH8A1和pET-32a-ALDH8A1;获得包涵体形式表达的GST-ALDH8A1和可溶性形式表达的His-ALDH8A1融合蛋白;应用纯化的重组蛋白GST-AL-DH8A1免疫家兔,获得兔抗人ALDH8A1血清,ELISA测定抗血清的效价为1∶256000。Western blot结果显示,制备的AL-DH8A1兔多抗可特异地识别成人肝总蛋白以及293T、A549、HeLa、U937、HepG2细胞总蛋白中一个相对分子质量(Mr)约53000的ALDH8A1天然蛋白,与文献报道的ALDH8A1的Mr一致,表明ALDH8A1在正常肝组织与癌细胞中都有表达。免疫组化结果表明ALDH8A1蛋白定位于人肝癌细胞胞质中。结论:成功制备出兔抗人ALDH8A1多克隆抗体,此抗体可应用于ELISA,Western blot和免疫组化检测,为进一步研究ALDH8A1的功能奠定了基础。     

小鼠抗人Myosin Va多克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的:制备Myosin Va多克隆抗体,为深入研究其功能和探讨其与肿瘤等疾病的相关性提供工具.方法:PCR扩增编码人Myosin Va C末端(MyoVaCT)278个氨基酸的cDNA片段,DNA重组入原核表达质粒pET28a,转化大肠杆菌BL21菌株,异丙基β-D硫代半糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达His-MyoVaCT融合蛋白.经电泳纯化的融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗血清.通过ELISA和免疫荧光法鉴定血清特异抗体效价和特异性.结果:成功构建了pET28a/MyoVaCT原核表达载体,转化BL21后可高效表达融合蛋白His-MyoVaCT,纯化蛋白免疫小鼠后产生的Myosin Va多抗可特异检测细胞内源性Myosin Va的表达及定位情况,同时能特异识别细胞内外源表达的Myosin Va分子.结论:获得了效价和特异性都良好的Myosin Va抗体,适合应用于Myosin Va的检测.     

特异性过敏原TBt多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的:制备特异性苦荞主要过敏原TBt的多克隆抗体,为深入研究TBt分子中各结构域的功能奠定基础.方法:通过盐析,离子交换层析,分子筛层析等方法从苦荞种子中纯化出过敏蛋白TBt,免疫新西兰兔子,制备多克隆抗体.用间接ELISA、Western blot检测该抗体的效价和特异性;竞争ELISA研究IgG抗体对TBt过敏患者血清IgE的抑制作用.结果:间接ELISA法检测所制备抗体的效价达1∶256000左右;Western blot显示该抗体能与TBt蛋白特异结合;竞争ELISA表明制备的IgG抗体能够特异性抑制养麦过敏患者血清1gE与过敏蛋白的结合.结论:制备的TBt多抗血清具有较高的效价和良好的特异性,该多克隆抗体可用于TBt的免疫活性鉴定,为下一步研究该蛋白的分子特征及免疫治疗奠定了基础.     

人硫氧还蛋白cDNA的克隆、表达及其多克隆抗体制备

目的制备硫氧还蛋白1(thioredoxin-1,Trx-1)多克隆抗体。方法从乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中用RT-PCR的方法得到了Trx-1全长基因,将它克隆到原核表达载体上进行大量的表达和纯化,纯化的蛋白对新西兰大白兔进行背部多点注射,40d后取其血清用梯度饱和硫酸铵沉淀的方法进行多克隆抗体的纯化。用ELISA和Western印迹实验测定抗体效果。结果成功获得了Trx-1全长cDNA,通过原核表达得到了大量Trx-1蛋白,并制备了高效价的多克隆抗体。结论此多克隆抗体对Trx-1蛋白具有良好的识别能力,可以应用于Trx-1的功能研究。     

Immuno-electronmicroscopic identification and localization of the antigenic proteins of tree pollen grains

The localization of antigenic proteins on ultrathin sections of pollen grains represents an interesting approach to understanding the release mechanisms of these antigens when the pollen grains come in contact with various physiological fluids. Using different rabbit antibodies we have demonstrated the locations of these antigens in the various structures of pollen grains. We further demonstrated the cross-reactivities between alder (Alnus incana), birch (Betula verrucosa) and hazel (Corylus avellana) pollen allergens. Ultrathin sections of the pollen grains were prepared and allowed to react with two individually raised rabbit antibodies, (Ab-BV and Ab-ALK), against birch pollen. The sites of the Ag/Ab complex on the sections were labelled by protein A/gold, and identified in a transmission electron microscope. The two birch antibodies showed either quantitative or qualitative differences regarding their binding to various structures on the pollen sections. Using Ab-BV, the antigen-binding sites were located in the apertural region of the pollen grain and in the cytoplasm, while almost no gold labelling could be seen on the pollen surface. With the other antibodies (Ab-ALK), we could visualize the antigen-binding locations on the surface material of the pollen grains, particularly in the exine part of the wall and in the cytoplasm. A few gold particles could also be seen in the apertural region of the pollen. In hazel and alder pollen the exine part of the wall was the most densely labelled, whereas the cytoplasm and the aperture bound smaller numbers of gold particles. Cross-incubations: birch pollen incubated with antibodies against hazel (Ab-CA), or alder (Ab-AI), showed various intensities of gold labelling for each of the three species. Statistically, the differences in the number of gold particles bound per micron 2 grain section between birch, hazel and alder, were highly significant. The cross-reactivities between these antigens from the three pollen species were further tested using house-produced rabbit antisera against antigens of the three species by means of electrophoretic and autoradiographic techniques (CIE and CRIE). The three antibodies could precipitate the major IgE-binding antigen from all three pollen species.     

Ultrastructural localization study of two Wolfgram proteins in rat brain tissue

Summary The ultrastructural immunohistochemical localization of Wolfgram proteins W1 and W2 is described in young rat brain tissue. The labelling by the antiserum to W1 is restricted to oligodendroglial cells and myelin sheaths. The plasma membrane of the cells as well as the polysomes are positively stained whereas the mitochondria and the nuclei are always free of labelling. Glial cell processes with definite organelles, which are involved in the myelination of neighbouring axons, are also positive to the antiserum. In the myelin sheaths, the positive staining occurs predominantly at the dense period line of the innermost and outermost lamellae. The present results add further evidence for a specific local synthesis of these Wolfgram proteins in oligodendroglial cells during myelination.Chargé de Recherche au CNRS.     

人PIWIL3特异性抗体的制备和PIWIL3蛋白在肿瘤组织中的分布

目的:制备人Argonaute家族中PIWIL3蛋白的特异性抗体,并检测其在人多种肿瘤组织中的表达和分布.方法:根据序列同源性和多肽免疫性,利用内部多肽选择数据库选择最佳的多肽免疫原合成多肽,再与KLH结合用于免疫;免疫所得的抗血清经多肽包被的凝胶进行亲和层析纯化,酶联免疫吸附分析技术(ELISA)检测纯化后抗体与多肽的结合能力,Western blot检测抗体对相应蛋白的结合能力.人肿瘤组织芯片检测该蛋白在多种肿瘤组织的表达和定位.结果:成功制备特异性人PIWIL3蛋白多克隆抗体.ELISA和Westernblot检测均表明该抗体具有很好的结合能力.肿瘤组织芯片检测到PIWIL3蛋白在人星形细胞神经胶质瘤和脑脊膜瘤胞质中表达.结论:应用内部多肽选择数据库可以得到最佳的多肽免疫原,以区分亚家族中其他有高度序列同源性的蛋白,成功制备出纯度和结合能力均较好的特异性人PIWIL3抗体,对研究人类特定肿瘤的发病具有潜在的应用价值.     

Immunohistochemical localization of Wolfgram proteins in nervous tissue of rat brain.

The localization of Wolfgram proteins W1 and W2 has been studied with the indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques on semi-thin sections. The presence of these proteins in myelinated fibers was observed, as a function of age, in the corpus callosum, cerebellum and spinal cord; W1 and W2 proteins were also localized in the oligodendroglial cells. In contrast, they could not be visualized in the sciatic nerve.The present results indicate that Wolfgram proteins W1 and W2 originate from the oligodendroglial cells, and are presumably incorporated in the myelin sheaths during the myelination process. These proteins may be used as an oligodendroglial cell marker.     

Significance and value of immunohistochemical localization of pregnancy specific proteins in feto-maternal tissue throughout pregnancy

Tissue from 50 cases of products of conception and placenta at different gestational ages from as early as 12 d post ovulation up to 40 wk were examined by immunoperoxidase technique for localization of HCG, HPL, SP1, and PAPP-A. HCG was localized in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast (ST) with strong intensity in the 12-d blastocyst and remained strong until 8 to 10 wk. It then gradually decreased, becoming almost negative in term placenta. HCG was also seen in the cytoplasm of intermediate trophoblast (IT) at the implantation site but with variability in staining. HPL and SP1 appeared later than HCG in ST, and the intensity of staining increased rapidly to strongly positive by wk 8. They remained strong until full term. IT stained strongly positive with HPL throughout pregnancy, and some were different from the HCG positive ones. ST were constantly negative for PAPP-A throughout pregnancy. The latter, however, was definitely seen in the cytoplasm of cytotrophoblast (CT) of early blastocyst, the superficial epithelium of the endometrium adjacent to the implantation site, in many decidual cells around the implantation site and in the amniotic membrane epithelium.     

Expression, tissue localization and synergy of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in the immune response of the oyster Crassostrea gigas

Diverse families of antimicrobial peptides and proteins have been described in oysters. We investigated here how antimicrobials are involved in the immune response against a pathogenic strain of Vibrio splendidus. Oyster antimicrobials were shown to display a wide variety of expression profiles in hemocyte populations and tissues. Oyster defensins are constitutively expressed in specific tissues such as mantle (Cg-Defm) or hemocytes (Cg-Defhs), while Cg-BPI is inducible and Cg-Prp appears down-regulated in hemocytes upon infection. The migratory behavior of hemocytes that express the different antimicrobials was found to be involved in the oyster response to a pathogenic Vibrio infection. Indeed, it contributes to colocalize several antimicrobials that were shown here to have synergistic activities. We propose that such a synergy, which was evidenced both within and between families of antimicrobials, might compensate for the low concentration of antimicrobials in oyster tissues.     

Intracellular localization of rotaviral proteins

Summary The differential distribution of two SA11 rotaviral capsid antigens in thin sections of infected cells was examined using antibody-coated colloidal gold electron-dense particles as specific post-embedding immunocytochemical labels. The treatment of thin sections of conventionally fixed and embedded tissue specimens with sodium metaperiodate allowed specific localization of the antigens in tunicamycin-treated, infected CV-1 cells. Both protein antigens were investigated with specific anti-rotavirus hyperimmune sera and with specific monoclonal antibodies. These studies showed that the major outer capsid glycoprotein, gp34, of SA11 rotavirus particles was mainly located within the cisternae and along the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The antigen of the major inner capsid protein, p42, was identified attached to enveloped virus particles, and even more obviously, on laminar crystalline structures in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected cells.With 3 Figures     

Clearance kinetics, tissue localization and fate of IgA-anti-idiotype complexes.

To determine the influence of anti-idiotypic antibodies on the complementary idiotype (Id), the clearance kinetics, tissue distribution and fate of idiotype-anti-idiotype complexes were investigated in mice. The complexes were prepared by mixing purified radiolabelled monomeric (mIgA) or polymeric IgA (pIgA) with monoclonal anti-T15 idiotype (B39-38). The 24 hr clearance from circulation of intravenously administered mIgA, mIgA-anti-Id complexes, pIgA and pIgA-anti-Id complexes showed three exponential phases. There was no significant difference in the amount, half-life (t 1/2), or organ distribution of mIgA and mIgA-anti-Id during the first two phases. The mIgA-anti-Id complexes were removed at a faster rate (9.2 +/- 0.5 hr) than the mIgA alone (17.7 +/- 1.3 hr) during the third phase. In contrast, anti-Id affected the clearance of pIgA during the first phase whereby 75% of the administered pIgA-anti-Id complexes, compared with 50% of the pIgA, cleared from the circulation with a t 1/2 of 3 min. This rapid removal from circulation was mediated predominantly by the liver, where 66% of pIgA-anti-Id and 40% of pIgA were detected 10 min after administration of the radiolabelled material. In the second phase, pIgA-anti-Id were removed from circulation at a faster rate (t 1/2 = 28 min) than pIgA (t 1/2 = 43 min). During this phase, 1 hr after administration of radiolabelled material, significantly more pIgA-anti-Id than pIgA were localized in the liver, kidneys, skin and spleen. In contrast, the digestive tract contained more pIgA (22%) than pIgA-anti-Id (11%). Analysis of the mIgA-anti-Id and pIgA-anti-Id by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that mIgA-anti-Id were composed of small-sized complexes, while intermediate-sized complexes constituted the majority of the pIgA-anti-Id complexes. These results suggest that the modulatory effect of anti-Id on the complementary IgA idiotype is determined largely by the molecular form of the IgA and the size of the Id-anti-Id complexes.     

Altered expression, localization, and phosphorylation of epithelial junctional proteins in celiac disease

We aimed to study the expression and localization of the molecular components of enterocyte junctions in celiac disease together with the level of tyrosine phosphorylation, a phenomenon known to affect their cellular distribution and function, and to explore the influence of proinflammatory cytokines. Duodenal biopsy specimens from patients with celiac disease and control subjects were used for immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunolocalization by using antioccludin, anti-zonula occludens (ZO)-1, anti-E-cadherin, anti-beta-catenin, and antiphosphotyrosine antibodies. The same procedures were carried out on filter-grown Caco-2 cells incubated in the absence or presence of interferon g and tumor necrosis factor a. In active celiac disease, the absence of a phosphorylated ZO-1 and the extensive phosphorylation of beta-catenin might be responsible for the absence of membranous localization of occludin and E-cadherin, respectively. The in vitro system showed an influence of the cytokines on the assembly of these complexes that proved the opposite to celiac samples as far as tight junctions were concerned because the presence of a phosphorylated ZO-1 enables occludin to localize in the membrane.