Feasibility of supraomohyoid neck dissection in N1 and N2a oral cancer patients

BACKGROUND: The use of selective neck dissection in a positive neck is still controversial. The object of this study was to ascertain the possibility of doing this procedure in oral cavity carcinoma with a single clinically metastatic lymph node smaller than 6 cm (N1 and N2a). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1970 to 1994, we analyzed 164 oral cavity cancer patients with clinically N1 or N2a stage cancer submitted to radical neck dissection. RESULTS: The histologic findings did not confirm a metastatic lymph node in 69 (42.1%) cases (pN0) and showed multiple lymph nodes in 19 (11.6%) cases. Moreover, just one patient (0.6%) had a metastatic lymph node at level IV (one case with multiple lymph nodes) and none at level V. CONCLUSIONS: Because we did not find a single metastatic lymph node at levels IV and V and there was a high incidence of pN0 (57.4%) in patients with clinical N1 stage at level I, these patients could be candidates for a supraomohyoid neck dissection (extended or not to level IV) instead of radical neck dissection.     

Current philosophy in the surgical management of neck metastases for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Neck dissection is an important treatment for metastases from upper aerodigestive carcinoma; an event that markedly reduces survival. Since its inception, the philosophy of the procedure has undergone significant change from one of radicalism to the current conservative approach. Furthermore, nonsurgical modalities have been introduced, and, in many situations, have supplanted neck surgery. The refinements of imaging the neck based on the concept of neck level involvement has encouraged new philosophies to evolve that seem to benefit patient outcomes particularly as this relates to diminished morbidity. The purpose of this review was to highlight the new paradigms for surgical removal of neck metastases using an evidence‐based approach. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 915–926, 2015     

Selective dissection of levels II-III with intraoperative control of the upper and middle jugular nodes: a therapeutic option for the N0 neck

BACKGROUND: Selective neck dissections are accepted elective treatment in N0 patients. We present the results of a dissection of levels II to III and intraoperative pathologic control of a sample of subdigastric and supraomohyoid nodes in a group of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. When intraoperative analysis was positive, dissection of levels IV and V was completed. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1997, 145 neck dissections with intraoperative control were carried out in 79 patients with laryngeal carcinomas. Postoperative radiotherapy was used in 49 patients. RESULTS: There were occult metastases in 29 neck dissections (20%). In 22 cases (15%), tumor was found in the nodes sent to intraoperative pathologic study, and dissection of levels IV and V was completed. In 7 additional cases tumor was found in the postoperative study. The sensitivity of the use of frozen sections in the detection of occult metastases was 76%. In no case were positive nodes found at level V. There was no regional relapse in any of the 145 selective neck dissections. CONCLUSIONS: The lateral selective neck dissection is an effective method in the elective treatment of the neck of N0 laryngeal carcinoma patients. Dissection of level IV can be spared when intraoperative biopsy specimens of a sample of the subdigastric and supraomohyoid nodes are negative. According to our results, at present we do not consider it necessary to dissect level V in selective neck dissections in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.     

Forty hours with a traumatic carotid transection: A diagnostic caveat and review of the contemporary management of penetrating neck trauma

Although penetrating neck trauma (PNT) is uncommon, it is associated with the significant morbidity and mortality. The management of PNT has changed significantly over the past 50 years. A radiological assessment now is a vital part of the management with a traditional surgical exploration. A 22 years old male was assaulted by a screwdriver and sustained multiple penetrating neck injuries. A contrast CT scan revealed a focal pseudoaneurysm in the left common carotid artery bulb. There was no active bleeding or any other vascular injuries and the patient remained haemodynamically stable. In view of these findings, he was initially managed conservatively without an open surgical exploration. However, the patient was noted to have an acute drop in his hemoglobin count overnight post injury and the catheter directed angiography showed active bleeding from the pseudoaneurysm. Surgical exploration 40 hours following the initial injury revealed a penetrating injury through both arterial walls of the left carotid bulb which was repaired with a great saphenous vein patch. A percutaneous drain was inserted in the carotid triangle and a course of intravenous antibiotics for five days was commenced. The patient recovered well with no complications and remained asymptomatic at five months followup.     

N2-N3 neck nodal control without planned neck dissection for clinical/radiologic complete responders-results of Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study 98.02

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of isolated nodal failure in patients with N2/3 disease who achieved a complete clinical and radiological response (CR) at 12 weeks postchemoradiation, when no planned neck dissection was performed. METHODS: We analyzed the nodal response and subsequent neck control of 102 patients with initial N2/3 disease treated on the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 98.02 study. RESULTS: With a median 4.3 years follow-up, the patterns of first failure in the CR patients were local 4%, local and nodal 2%, distant 28%, and locoregional plus distant (within 1 month) 6%.There were no patients who had only neck failure. CONCLUSION: Patients in this trial with N2/3 disease who obtained a clinical and radiological complete response to chemoradiation had a zero incidence of isolated neck failure without a planned neck dissection. The continued use of planned neck dissections in this patient subset cannot be justified.     

IS EXPLORATION MANDATORY IN PENETRATING ZONE II NECK INJURIES?

BACKGROUND: A policy of mandatory neck exploration for zone II injuries deep to platysma was promoted in the 1950s and was associated with a reduction in mortality when compared with expectant or delayed exploration. Recently many trauma centres have been practising selective neck exploration using physical examination and imaging to stratify patients to different management strategies. In the Auckland region, patients with penetrating zone II injury deep to platysma have been managed with mandatory neck exploration. As penetrating injuries in the Auckland region are caused by a range of sharp objects, with gunshot wounds rare, outcomes of management of zone II neck injuries in this population warrant investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of therapeutic neck exploration in patients with penetrating zone II neck injury in the Auckland region and to suggest optimum management strategies for such injuries. METHODS: Retrospective audit of all patients presenting to Auckland and Middlemore Hospitals, Auckland, New Zealand, between 1995 and 2005 was carried out. Review of electronic clinical records and operation notes was also carried out. RESULTS: An overall positive neck exploration rate of 25% was obtained (87% for patients with hard signs on physical examination). Physical examination had a sensitivity of 93% and a positive predictive value of 87% in this case series. Neck exploration was not associated with known complications or missed injuries. CONCLUSION: In the Auckland setting, physical examination would appear to be a safe and reliable method for the stratification of patients for either operative or conservative management.     

经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻疗效观察

目的 :探讨经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻的治疗效果。方法 :采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎并发膀胱颈梗阻 11例。 11例慢性前列腺炎病史平均1.67± 0 .34年 ,尿流动力学检查最大尿流率为 11.2 0± 1.33ml/ s,膀胱镜检查见膀胱颈后唇抬高。结果 :术后 1个月复查 ,最大尿流率上升至 19.30± 0 .61ml/ s,前列腺按摩液和精液常规检查未见异常。结论 :对膀胱颈梗阻的男性青壮年患者 ,经药物治疗无效后可慎重选用经尿道膀胱颈电切术来解除膀胱颈梗阻。     

Supraomohyoid neck dissection in the management of cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip

BACKGROUND: Supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) is generally considered an adequate staging procedure in selected patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip and oral cavity, with clinically negative nodes in the neck that are at increased risk for occult metastatic disease. The potential role of SOHND as a therapeutic surgical procedure for cervical metastasis limited to level I is controversial. METHODS: A series of 44 patients with clinical cervical lymph node metastases at level I from SCC of the lower lip is reported to evaluate the results of a treatment protocol consisting of therapeutic SOHND on indication followed by radiotherapy. RESULTS: Regional recurrences were observed in four (9%) patients. All recurrences developed within the SOHND dissected area only. CONCLUSIONS: A therapeutic SOHND, on indication followed by radiotherapy, can be an oncologically sound and effective procedure in the management of regional lymph node metastases at level I from SCC of the lower lip.     

Prevalence of lymph nodes in the apex of level V: a plea against the necessity to dissect the apex of level V in mucosal head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: We assessed the prevalence of histologically proven normal or invaded lymph nodes in the apex of level V. METHODS: Seventy neck dissections were performed in 41 patients with mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Fifty-one neck dissections were performed in 30 previously untreated patients (group 1); 19 neck dissections were carried out in 11 patients previously irradiated (group 2). RESULTS: Pathologic analysis was unable to identify any lymph node in 70% of the apex specimens. In group 1, no lymph nodes were detected in 63%, whereas one or more noninvaded lymph nodes were present in 37%; in group 2, no lymph nodes were identified in 89%, whereas one or more normal lymph nodes were found in 11% (p = .03). Metastatic lymph nodes were never identified. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of lymph nodes in the apex was 30%. No invaded lymph nodes were identified. In addition to anatomic evidence, these results suggest that dissection of the apex is not necessary in mucosal head and neck SCC.     

Metastatic carcinoma to the cervical nodes from an unknown head and neck primary site: Is there a need for neck dissection?

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes and patterns of failure in patients with metastatic carcinoma to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown head and neck primary origin, who were treated curatively with radiotherapy, with or without neck dissection. METHODS: The study included 61 patients referred to the McGill University Hospital Centers from 1987 to 2002. The median age was 57 years, with male to female ratio of 4:1. Distribution of patients by N status was as follows: N1, 16 patients (26%); N2a, 18 (30%); N2b, 13 (22%); N2c, 7 (11%); and N3, 7 (11%). Twenty patients underwent neck dissection (11 radical, 9 functional) and 41 patients had biopsy (9 fine-needle aspiration and 32 excisional biopsy). All patients received radiotherapy. The median dose to the involved node(s) was 64 Gy, and 60 Gy to the rest of the neck. Treatment of the neck was bilateral in 50 patients (82%) and ipsilateral in 11 (18%). The minimum duration of the follow-up was 12 months, with the median of 32 months. RESULTS: The 5- and 8-year overall survival for the whole population was 79% and 67%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the 8-year actuarial overall survival (64.8% and 67.6%, respectively, p = .64) and local relapse-free survival (75% vs 74.5%, respectively, p = .57), among patients who had biopsy versus those who had neck dissection. CONCLUSION: In our experience, definitive radiotherapy to the neck and the potential mucosal sites, whether preceded by neck dissection or not, is effective to achieve a good local control rate in the unknown primary cancer of the head and neck. The indication for neck dissection, in particular for early nodal stage, is controversial.     

假体置换治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的术前准备及术式选择

目的：了解、评价假体置换治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的术前准备及术式选择。方法：作者于１９９０～１９９７年收治６１例股骨颈骨折合并其他脏器病变的老年患者,对各种合并症处理后达到我们预先拟定可行手术的标准时,方行手术,结果与同期无合并症行手术治疗的患者相比。结果：发现２组均能顺利度过手术关,手术创伤相仿,早期并发症均较低。结论：假体置换术治疗合并其他脏器病变的老年人股骨颈骨折是安全的,人工股骨头置换术适用于高龄或全身情况较差者。     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨女性膀胱颈阻的诊断和治疗方法。方法;对２７例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者行尿流动力学检查和膀胱检查,对其中２２例行经光颈电切术（ＴＵＲＢｎ）５例行非选手治疗。结果：２２例行ＴＵＲＢＮ治疗者术后无明显乘余尿,２０例临床症状消失;５例非手术治疗者经定期饔主药物治疗,效果满意。结论：女性膀胱颈梗阻的尿流动客观评价排尿状况的有效指标;ＴＵＴＢＮ是治疗女性膀胱劲梗阻的首选方法,具有手术小和住院时间短等优点。     

机器人导航下股骨颈动力交叉钉系统治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨机器人导航下股骨颈动力交叉钉系统（femoral neck system,FNS）治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2019年11月至2021年8月我院采用FNS治疗股骨颈骨折的57例病人的临床资料,其中27例行机器人导航下FNS治疗（机器人组）,30例采用常规人工FNS治疗（人工组）,比较两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、术后髋关节Harris评分、骨折愈合时间及术后并发症发生率等指标。结果 机器人组的手术时间为（81.0±9.2） min,少于人工组（86.7±12.0） min,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人组的术中出血量和透视次数分别为（25.5±7.5） mL、（16.4±2.8）次,均少于人工组的（37.3±11.3） mL、（20.1±3.0）次,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。机器人组一次性置钉成功率为100%,人工组为56.7%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=15.157,P＜0.001）。两组术后并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间及术后髋关节Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 机器人导航下FNS手术治疗股骨颈骨折是一种精准、微创、安全有效的方法。     

Functional assessment using Constant's Shoulder Scale after modified radical and selective neck dissection

BACKGROUND: Constant's Shoulder Scale is a validated and widely applied instrument for assessment of shoulder function. We used this instrument to assess which treatment and demographic variables contribute to shoulder dysfunction after neck dissection in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS: A convenience sample of 54 patients with 64 neck dissections and minimum follow-up of 11 months were evaluated. Thirty-two accessory nerve-sparing modified radical (MRND) and 32 selective neck (SND) dissections were performed. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the variables that were predictive for shoulder dysfunction. Clinical variables included age, time from surgery, handedness, weight, radiation therapy, neck dissection type, tumor stage, and site. RESULTS: Patients receiving MRND had significantly worse shoulder function than patients with SND (p =.0007). Radiation therapy contributed negatively, whereas weight contributed positively (p =.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The critical factors contributing to shoulder dysfunction after neck dissection were weight, radiation therapy, and neck dissection type.