地佐辛与曲马多在老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后应用的镇痛比较

目的观察地佐辛应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后病人的镇痛效果。方法选行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者60例,单纯法随机分成两组,Ⅰ组为实验组30例,手术结束前静注地佐辛注射液0．1mg／Kg,Ⅱ组为对照组30例,手术结束前静注曲马多注射液2mg／Kg。结果I组镇痛效果皆优于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）,I组术后不良反应少于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）。结论地佐辛用于老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术后病人镇痛、镇静效果好．副作用少．是理想的术后镇痛药。     

地佐辛超前镇痛在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:探讨切皮前给地佐辛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)行超前镇痛的效果及安全性。方法:ASAI～II级择期行LC术患者80例,随机分为研究组(A组)和对照组(B组)各40例。A组切皮前10min静注地佐辛0.1mg/kg,B组常规治疗。结果:A组术后各时点疼痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),术后使用哌替啶的时间、例数及次数均低于B组(P<0.05),A组和B组咽喉疼痛发生率分别为15%和60%(P<0.05)。结论:地佐辛超前镇痛用于LC术,可以明显缓解术后切口疼痛,减少术后镇痛药的使用和不良反应发生率。     

地佐辛用于腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术术后镇痛的临床观察

目的：观察地佐辛用于腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术术后的镇痛效果。方法：ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的患者40例,随机均分为地佐辛组（D）和对照组（C）。观察病人清醒时间,拔管时间以及拔管时、拔管后30分钟、1小时、2小时和6小时各时间点的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）,术后恶心呕吐情况,病人满意度。结果：D组拨管后1小时、2小时VAS评分均较C组低（P〈0．05）。病人满意度D组高于C组（P〈0．05）。结论：地佐辛用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术,可缓解术后疼痛,提高病人满意度。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体代谢炎症反应的影响

本文选择１９９６年１２月至１９９７年７月期间行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）和开腹胆囊切除术（ＯＣ）的部分病人，对其术前、术后炎症和代谢反应的部分指标进行观察，以较全面了解ＬＣ对机体代谢及炎症反应的影响。１材料和方法１１临床资料６０例因患慢性胆囊炎、胆囊...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者术后免疫炎症反应指标的影响

目的:分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)对术后患者免疫炎症反应指标的影响。方法:分析2013年1月至2015年1月收治的88例胆囊结石患者的临床资料,分为观察组(LC,n=46)与对照组(开腹胆囊切除术,n=42)。结果:观察组患者术中出血量、术后排气时间及术后并发症发生率均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后CD4~+、CD8~+淋巴细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后3 d CRP及TNF-α水平低于对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与传统开腹手术相比,LC可显著降低患者术后免疫炎症反应程度,提高总体疗效。     

地佐辛复合罗哌卡因在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的作用

目的:观察地佐辛复合腹腔内喷洒罗哌卡因用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)后的镇痛效果.方法:选择60例择期行LC的患者,随机分为地佐辛复合罗哌卡因组(观察组)和单纯地佐辛组(对照组),每组30例.两组均于缝合戳口前静脉注射地佐辛5 mg,观察组于气腹建立后向胆囊表面、胆囊床、肝膈间隙喷洒0.5%罗哌卡因14 mL,在缝合腹壁戳口前向每个戳口局部注射相同药液2 mL.结果:观察组术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h的VAS评分显著小于对照组(P＜ 0.01),术后2 h和次日晨8时Cor、ACTH、CRP低于对照组(P＜ 0.05);术后镇痛药的使用例数小于对照组(P＜ 0.05);对照组术后镇痛药首次应用时间早于观察组(P＜ 0.05).结论:LC中腹腔内喷洒罗哌卡因复合地佐辛术后镇痛,减少了术后镇痛药的使用量,且能有效地抑制围术期应激反应.     

地佐辛注射液对腹腔镜胆囊切除术全麻苏醒及拔管时效的影响

目的 探讨地佐辛注射液静脉镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术全麻患者苏醒及拔管时效的影响.方法 选择90例择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,随机均分为3组:Ⅰ组(地佐辛组,男17例,女13例)、Ⅱ组(芬太尼组,男15例,女15例)、Ⅲ组(对照组,男16例,女14例).三组患者均用咪达唑仑+异丙酚+舒芬太尼+顺式阿曲库铵静脉诱导后行气管插管,术中以吸入七氟醚和持续静注异丙酚麻醉.术毕关气腹时Ⅰ组以地佐辛0.1 mg/kg,Ⅱ组以芬太尼0.002 mg/kg,Ⅲ组以生理盐水2 mL静脉注射.观察并记录各组的苏醒拔管时效及不良反应发生例数.结果 三组患者全麻苏醒及拔管时效无统计学差异.地佐辛组恶心呕吐发生例数和呼吸抑制发生例数少于芬太尼组.结论 地佐辛注射液0.1 mg/kg静脉注射对苏醒拔管时间无影响,镇静适度,副反应少,用于腹腔镜胆囊切除患者术后镇痛安全有效.     

地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后镇痛的临床观察

目的 观察地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后镇痛的临床效果.方法选择择期ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级全麻下进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者60例.随机分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,各30例,均在手术结束前20分钟时静脉给药.Ⅰ组静脉注射地佐辛10mg;Ⅱ组静脉注射地佐辛5mg和帕瑞昔布钠40mg.观察比较各组患者清醒拔管时的疼痛（VAS）评分、RSS躁动评分、Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应（恶心呕吐等）.结果Ⅰ组苏醒时间明显长于Ⅱ组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;Ⅱ组患者疼痛评分和躁动评分发生率均低于Ⅰ组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.两组间的Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义.结论地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠能充分有效缓解腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后急性疼痛,降低苏醒期躁动及不良反应发生率.     

地佐辛复合舒芬太尼患者自控静脉镇痛对腹腔镜肝癌切除术后疼痛和炎症反应的影响

目的观察地佐辛复合舒芬太尼患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对腹腔镜肝癌切除术后疼痛和炎症反应的影响。方法选择择期行腹腔镜下肝癌切除术患者60例,男43例,女17例,年龄18~60岁,体重50~80kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为舒芬太尼组(S组)和地佐辛复合舒芬太尼组(DS组),每组30例。术毕使用PCIA,S组配方为舒芬太尼2.0μg/kg加托烷司琼5mg加生理盐水配至100ml,DS组配方为地佐辛0.5mg/kg加舒芬太尼2.0μg/kg加托烷司琼5mg加生理盐水配至100 ml。记录术后4、24、48h患者VAS评分、数字镇静评分(numeric sedation scale,NSS)以及术后48h的患者满意度评分。于麻醉诱导前、术毕和术后4、24、48h采集患者颈内静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清中TNF-α、IL-2和IL-6的浓度。记录患者术后48h内的PCIA泵按压次数及不良反应发生情况。结果术后4、24、48hDS组VAS评分明显低于S组(P0.05);DS组患者满意度评分明显高于S组[(3.9±0.4)分vs.(2.0±0.5)分](P0.05)。两组患者各时点NSS评分差异无统计学意义。与麻醉诱导前比较,术后4、24、48h两组TNF-α和IL-6浓度明显升高,IL-2浓度明显降低(P0.05);术后24、48hDS组TNF-α、IL-6浓度明显低于S组,IL-2浓度明显高于S组(P0.05)。术后48h内DS组PCIA泵按压次数明显少于S组[(2.0±0.7)次vs.(7.2±1.3)次](P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论地佐辛0.5mg/kg复合舒芬太尼2.0μg/kg患者自控静脉镇痛可提供安全有效的镇痛,并可减轻腹腔镜肝癌切除术后炎症反应。     

地佐辛在剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛中的应用

地佐辛是一种新型的阿片类受体激动-拮抗药,主要具有к-受体激动作用和μ-受体拮抗作用,因其镇痛效果强,呼吸抑制轻微,不良反应少,已被应用于术后镇痛[1]。我们于2010年10月—2011     

吸烟对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后布托啡诺镇痛镇静的影响

目的观察吸烟对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后布托啡诺镇痛镇静的影响。方法 200例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术男性患者,分为吸烟组(S组,n=100)和非吸烟组(NS组,n=100),术后均采用静脉布托啡诺镇痛。在术后1、2、6、12、18、24、48h分别采用数字评分法(NRS)和肌肉活动评分法(MAAS)评估镇痛和镇静程度。结果 S组术后1、2、6hNRS评分高于NS组,术后1、2hMAAS评分高于NS组(P<0.05)。结论吸烟患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术后,布托啡诺的镇痛和镇静效果弱于非吸烟患者。     

老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后应激反应及疲劳综合征的临床观察

目的：探讨老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的应激反应及疲劳综合征的表现。方法：回顾分析2008年10月至2012年10月为160例老年患者行LC的临床资料,根据患者病情决定手术方式,并将其分为腹腔镜组与开腹组,每组80例,分别于术前及术后第1天、第2天、第3天测定两组患者皮质醇、C反应蛋白（C reactive protein,CRP）、中性粒细胞、白细胞（white blood cell,WBC）、白介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）及IL-10水平,并对比分析两组患者手术情况及术后疲劳评分。结果：两组手术时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,两组术中出血量、术后住院时间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与术前相比,两组患者术后IL-6、IL-10及CRP水平差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后中性粒细胞、WBC两组患者均有所增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;皮质醇均较术前有所降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组间相比,腹腔镜组IL-6、CRP水平较开腹组低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;但IL-10水平较开腹组高（P〈0.05）;两组患者皮质醇增高程度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组术前疲劳评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,与术前相比,两组患者术后疲劳评分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且两组间相比差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：老年患者脏器功能呈衰退表现,手术时容易出现明显的应激反应,LC患者创伤小,可显著减轻创伤所致的应激反应,同时患者术后疲劳综合征减轻,康复快。     

静脉低剂量氯胺酮超前镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后苏醒和疼痛的影响

目的 观察氯胺酮切皮前给药对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)后苏醒和疼痛的影响.方法 全麻下行LC患者80例,随机均分为两组:对照组采用雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉;研究组在切皮前加用小剂量氯胺酮0.3 mg/kg.采用SS和VRS评分评估对苏醒时间和苏醒期躁动情况.结果 两组呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间差异无统计学意义.研究组苏醒期躁动、镇痛、镇静效果显著优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 静脉低剂量氯胺酮超前镇痛用于LC术后苏醒快,术后疼痛轻,苏醒期躁动少.     

A comparison of intravenous-based and epidural-based techniques for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Purpose We wished to compare the effectiveness of intravenous-based (IV) and epidural-based (EPI) techniques for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Effectiveness was compared in terms of reduction of postoperative pain and adverse events, and achieving a high level of patient satisfaction. Methods Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II patients aged more than 65 years, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were enrolled in this study. The patients in the IV group (n = 15) received modified neurolept anesthesia with droperidol 0.2 mg·kg⁻¹ and pentazocine 0.15–0.3 mg·kg⁻¹ (maximum dose of 1.0 mg·kg⁻¹) and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen, followed by postoperative intravenous infusion of 20 μg·ml⁻¹ buprenorphine, provided with a patient-controlled analgesia pump programmed to deliver a bolus of 0.5 ml with a lockout interval of 15 min and a background infusion of 0.5 ml·h⁻¹. The patients in the EPI group (n = 15) had combined epidural analgesia and general anesthesia with sevoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen, followed by the epidural infusion of a 0.125% bupivacaine and 5 μg · ml⁻¹ buprenorphine mixture by means of an on-demand analgesic system (bolus of 2 ml, lockout interval of 60 min, and background infusion of 2 ml·h⁻¹). Results The quality of postoperative analgesia was similar in the two groups. The incidences of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia and postoperative hypotension were significantly lower in the IV group than in the EPI group (P < 0.05). A significantly higher level of patient satisfaction was found in the IV group compared with that in the EPI group (P < 0.05). The major contributor to dissatisfaction in the EPI group was anxiety or discomfort associated with the epidural procedures. Conclusion Modified neurolept anesthesia with pentazocine and postoperative i.v. analgesia with buprenorphine were superior to epidural-based techniques, in terms of hemodynamic stability and patient satisfaction, in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

氯诺昔康预注的腹腔镜胆囊切除术后超前镇痛效果

目的研究不同用药时机对氯诺昔康治疗腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术后急性疼痛治疗效果的影响。方法60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行LC病人,随机分为两组:A组,术后静脉注射氯诺昔康8 mg;B组,麻醉诱导前静脉注入氯诺昔康8 mg;每组30例。A组分别于注药前、注药后30 min、1、2、4、6、8 h进行视觉模拟评分(VAS)及不良反应的观察;B组病人则于完全清醒时、清醒后30 min、1、2、4、6、8 h进行VAS及不良反应的观察。结果LC病人麻醉诱导前及术后疼痛时静脉注入氯诺昔康8 mg,均可使VAS显著减低,且无明显不良反应。麻醉诱导前用药组VAS低于术后用药组(P<0.01)。结论不同时机使用氯诺昔康影响LC术后急性疼痛的治疗效果,麻醉诱导前用药组效果优于术后疼痛发生时用药组,提示氯诺昔康具有超前镇痛作用。     

曲马多术后镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者血清白细胞介素-2和白细胞介素-6水平的影响

目的 研究通过曲马多用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者静脉自控镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA),观察其术后视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS),镇静(Ramsay)评分以及对血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响,探讨曲马多用于静脉自控镇痛效果及对机体免疫功能的影响.方法 选择40例行择期腹腔胆囊切除术的的患者,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,用信封法随机分为两组,每组20例:Ⅰ组(芬太尼组),Ⅱ组(曲马多组).观察记录术后2、4、24 hVAS评分,Ramsay评分,以及血清IL-2,IL-6水平,并记录副作用. 结果 两组患者术后2、4、24 hVAS、Ramsay评分、PCIA有效按压次数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与诱导前比较Ⅰ组为(12.4±2.0),Ⅱ组为(12.1±2.1),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清IL-2水平术后2h明显升高,Ⅰ组为(16.8±2.4),Ⅱ组为(17.4±2.6)(P＜0.05),持续至术后24 h(P＜0.05),两组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与诱导前比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组患者术后不同时间点血清IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 与本研究中芬太尼剂量相比,曲马多用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术术后镇痛能产生良好的镇痛效果,促进机体的免疫功能并有效地抑制术后应激反应.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期炎性肠梗阻

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期炎性肠梗阻的发生原因、处理及预防措施。方法:总结分析2例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后并发早期炎性肠梗阻的临床资料。结果:2例患者采取手术和保守治疗各1例,均痊愈。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术中有多量渗血、胆漏应及时处理,防止渗液在腹腔内弥散,必要时留置肝下引流,防止并发早期炎性肠梗阻。     

The effect of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on postoperative hypokalemia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Purpose  

We investigated whether hypokalemia developed during the postoperative period and whether the use of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) could decrease the incidence of postoperative hypokalemia in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

Preemptive ketamine during general anesthesia for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

AIM: Preemptive analgesia is currently in use in the management of postoperative pain and no more under search. The administration of ketamine as intraoperative analgesic agent is well-known since a long time; the analgesic properties of this drug are related to its actions as a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors antagonist; these receptors present an excitatory function on pain transmission and this binding seems to prevent or reverse the central sensitisation of every kind of pain, including postoperative pain. In literature, the use of this anesthetic for the preemptive analgesia in the management of postoperative pain is controversial; for this reason the aim of our study was the clinical evaluation of preemptive perioperative analgesia with low-doses ketamine. METHODS: This trial involved 40 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with the same surgical operator; postoperative analgesia was performed with the intraoperative administration of ketamine (0.7 mg/kg) or tramadol (15 mg/kg). A randomized, double-blind study was performed; after an inhalatory/analgesic general anesthesia (sevofluorane + remifentanyl) the postoperative-pain control was clinically evaluated through algometric measurements (Visual Analog Scale, Verbal Rating Scale, Pain Intensity Difference); supplemental doses of tramadol were administered if required, also to quantify the adequacy of analgesia, and adverse effects were evaluated. RESULTS: The results show that preemptive intraoperative analgesia with ketamine produces a good analgesia at the awakening, despite low duration (approximately 1 hour), and upgrades the analgesic effect of tramadol in the postoperative period. Among the adverse effects, some (for example nausea) were related to the administration of both analgesics and to the kind of surgery, others (hallucinosis, nystagmus, photophobia, psychomotor excitation, psychotic symptoms) were due to ketamine, and others (respiratory depression and hypotension) could be related to tramadol. Although the adverse effects due to ketamine are more numerous than those related to tramadol, the second could potentially be more dangerous. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that preemptive low-doses ketamine is able to produce an adequate postoperative analgesia and increases the analgesic effect of tramadol; furthermore, ketamine adverse effects could be reduced by intraoperative administration of benzodiazepines and/or antiemetic drugs, or by the association of ketamine and a peripheral analgesic (ketorolac).