儿童肱骨髁上骨折伴神经血管损伤的治疗

目的：探讨针对伴有神经、血管损伤的儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗方法。方法：自2002年2月至2007年11月手术治疗闭合复位不满意的Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折儿童96例,男59例,女37例;年龄4～16岁,平均6.4岁。16例手术患儿出现17个神经损伤症状,桡神经损伤5例,正中神经损伤7例,其中1例伴有尺神经损伤,尺神经损伤4例;13例出现肢体远端桡动脉搏动减弱、手凉血管损伤症状。比较患肢术前、术后神经、血管恢复情况,必要时应用肌电图、多普勒超声明确诊断和指导进一步治疗。结果：96例患儿85例术后随访6～18个月,平均11个月,73例患儿切口Ⅰ愈合,12例切口Ⅱ期愈合,无感染及肘关节功能障碍。5例桡神经损伤病例中3例桡神经损伤患儿术后3个月桡神经损伤症状完全消失;1例术后3个月行桡神经探查松解术,术后5个月症状消失;1例医源性桡神经损伤解除石膏压迫3个月后神经功能完全恢复。正中神经损伤7例,其中1例伴发尺神经损伤,6例正中神经损伤患儿术后6个月神经功能完全恢复;伴有尺神经损伤的病例Ⅱ期行神经探查,术后9个月神经损伤症状消失。尺神经损伤5例,其中伴发正中神经损伤1例,尺神经损伤病例术后6个月神经症状完全消失。术前出现桡动脉搏动弱、手凉症状13例,术中未行血管探查,骨折固定后桡动脉损伤症状消失。结论：肱骨髁上骨折Ⅰ期手术过程中常规探查尺神经、正中神经和桡神经,及血管是否探查根据术前查体决定,肌电图及多普勒超声不作为术前常规检查项目。     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折的现代处理

肱骨髁上骨折是常见的儿童肘部骨折,约占全部肘关节损伤的50%～70%,以7岁左右的男孩最多见,其解剖因素是该年龄段鹰嘴窝的骨质薄弱,肘部韧带松弛.     

改良内外联合入路治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折

肱骨髁上骨折是小儿肘部最常见的骨折,处理不当易并发肘内翻、缺血性挛缩及关节强直等.1997～2006年,我院对63例闭合复位失败、严重移位的患者采取改良内外联合入路治疗,经过随访观察,效果满意.     

俯卧折顶法治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折

目的:探讨““俯卧折顶法““治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效并对该整复方法进行生物力学分析.方法:将124例小儿肱骨髁上骨折的病例采用随机数字表法分为实验组与对照组,分别采用““俯卧折顶法““与传统整复方法进行治疗;以““肿胀程度““、““复位次数““、““活动范围““、““治疗效果““作为疗效观测指标,对两组病例的治疗效果进行观测对比,并对两种整复方法的力学原理进行讨论分析.结果:实验组在““肿胀程度““、““复位次数““、““活动范围““、““治疗效果““各项观测指标上均优于对照组(P＜0.05).按照临床功能评定标准,实验组:优31例,良22例,可9例,差0例,优良率85%;对照组:优11例,良35例,可14例,差2例,优良率74%.两组疗效差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:采用““俯卧折顶法““整复小儿肱骨髁上骨折成功率高,疗效可靠,力学原理更科学,方法简捷省力,易于推广.     

伸直位石膏夹板固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的:探讨非手术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折预防肘内翻畸形的有效方法。方法:自1992年5月至2013年12月,采用手法复位伸直位石膏夹板外固定治疗无神经血管损伤的儿童肱骨髁上骨折319例,男253例,女66例;年龄1岁3个月～13岁,平均6.7岁。伸直型肱骨髁上骨折284例,屈曲型肱骨髁上骨折35例。左侧167例,右侧152例。受伤至治疗时间1 h～7 d,平均1.8 d.不包括神经血管损伤病例及手术病例。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间3个月～14年,平均37.3个月。所有患儿获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间6～8周,平均6.9周。无严重肘内翻畸形、血管神经损伤或Volkmann挛缩等并发症发生。183例提携角与自身健侧一致,在5°～15°范围内,105例提携角较自身健侧有不同程度的减小,26例在复位时即有尺偏者提携角在-5°～0°,5例在复位时即有桡偏者提携角在15°～18°,基本不影响外观。所有病例肘关节活动度正常。结论:肘关节伸直位石膏夹板固定对预防儿童肱骨髁上骨折非手术治疗后的肘内翻畸形具有一定价值,希望有更多学者做进一步的研究。     

肘关节外侧小切口治疗肱骨髁上骨折

目的 探讨肘关节外侧入路小切口克氏针固定治疗肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法 对有手术适应证的300例肱骨髁上骨折，均采用经肘关节外侧入路小切口、手法复位后用克氏针固定的手术方法治疗。结果 术中一般能使骨折达到准确复位，固定可靠。术后经过1～10年随访，优270例，良11例，可18例，差1例。优良率93．7％。结论 该手术方法创伤小，简便易行，手术时间短，固定牢靠，可有效减少肘关节内、外翻等并发症的发生。     

关节外侧小切口治疗肱骨髁上骨折

目的：探讨肘关节外侧入路小切口克氏针钢丝内固定治疗肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法：肱骨髁上骨折58例,男42例,女16例;年龄3～65岁,平均9.4岁。均采用经肘关节外侧入路小切口4～5cm,经肱三头肌外侧与肱桡肌间隙进入。手法复位后,2枚克氏针经皮穿入外髁部,在骨折近端内侧骨皮质穿出,在骨折近端距骨折线2～3cm,外侧垂直钻孔后,穿钢丝交叉绕于肱骨外侧的克氏针尾,呈“8”字形外侧钢丝固定。结果：术中骨折达到准确复位,固定可靠。58例经随访1～5年,平均2.4年,依据Flynn临床功能评定标准：优48例,良6例,可3例,差1例。结论：肘关节外侧入路小切口克氏针钢丝内固定治疗肱骨髁上骨折创伤小、简便易行、手术时间短、固定可靠、可早期进行功能锻炼,术后肘关节功能恢复快。     

多方向不稳定的儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗

目的探讨急诊手术内固定治疗多方向不稳定的儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法对26例多方向不稳定肱骨髁上骨折患儿采用闭合或切开复位克氏针内固定,术后肘关节屈曲20°～40°位石膏托固定3周后逐步进行功能锻炼。结果26例均得到随访,时间12～50个月,26例均临床愈合,骨折愈合时间4～6周。肘关节功能评价：优23例,良2例,可1例。无畸形愈合、感染、活动受限等并发症发生。结论闭合复位克氏针内固定是治疗多方向不稳定的儿童肱骨髁上骨折的有效方法,尽早复位及稳定固定骨折端,可有效减少或避免并发症的发生,利于肢体功能的恢复。     

Treatment of multidirectionally unstable supracondylar humeral fractures in children. A modified Gartland type-IV fracture

BACKGROUND: There is an uncommon subset of supracondylar humeral fractures in children that are so unstable they can displace into both flexion and extension. The purposes of this study were to describe this subset of supracondylar fractures and to report a new technique of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for their treatment. METHODS: In a retrospective review of 297 consecutive displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children treated operatively at our institution, we identified nine that were completely unstable with documented displacement into both flexion and extension as seen on fluoroscopic examination with the patient under anesthesia. We used a new technique for closed reduction and fixation of these fractures, and then we assessed fracture-healing and complications from the injury and treatment. RESULTS: All nine fractures were treated satisfactorily with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. The complication rate associated with these unstable fractures was no higher than that associated with the 288 more stable fractures. Seven of the nine fractures were stabilized with lateral entry pin placement, and two fractures were stabilized with crossed medial and lateral pins. None of the patients had a nonunion, cubitus varus, malunion, additional surgery, or loss of motion. CONCLUSIONS: In rare supracondylar fractures in children, multidirectional instability results in displacement into flexion and/or extension. This fracture can be classified as type IV according to the Gartland system, as it is less stable than a Gartland type-III extension supracondylar fracture. These fractures can be treated successfully with a new technique of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, thus avoiding open reduction.     

Surgical management for late presentation of supracondylar humeral fracture in children

PURPOSE: To report the results of surgical management for late-presenting displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. METHODS: Between February 2002 and June 2003, 40 children (mean age, 7 years) with late presentation (range, 2-12 days) of displaced supracondylar humeral fractures were prospectively recruited. Gentle closed manipulation under image intensification was attempted in all patients, except one with a compound open fracture. Manipulation was successful in 25 patients and percutaneous skeletal stabilisation with Kirschner wires was performed. The remaining 15 patients were treated with open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation, using a mediolateral approach. RESULTS: The mean delay in presentation was approximately 4 days. No patients presenting more than 7 days after injury had the fracture reduced by closed manipulation. The mean hospital stay was 41 hours. At the final follow-up (mean, 18 months), 88% of the patients had a satisfactory result, according to Flynn's criteria. CONCLUSION: Operative treatment for late presentation of supracondylar humeral fractures in children is effective. It minimises the risk of complications and the need for continuous traction or corrective osteotomy.     

改良手术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

肱骨髁上骨折是临床上常见的儿童骨折类型,对于严重移位的,或肿胀明显,或伴有神经损伤的肱骨髁上骨折采用切开复位内固定是必要的。其肘内翻畸形是最常见的并发症。我院自1998年6月-2005年5月设计采用改良手术法治疗62例严重肱骨髁上骨折,取得了满意的效果,现介绍如下。1临床资料本组62例,男39例,女23例;年龄4~12岁。左侧35例,右侧27例;伸直型55例,屈曲型7例;伴尺侧移位39例,桡侧移位5例。术前经手法复位石膏外固定失败40例。合并骨筋膜室综合征5例,神经挫伤4例,其中桡神经1条,正中神经2条,尺神经1条。伤后24 h内手术23例,2~7 d手术30例,8~1…     

肱骨髁上骨折的治疗方法及疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨髁上骨折的治疗方法和疗效。方法手术治疗肱骨髁上骨折43例。肱骨远端Y型钢板固定6例,双张力带固定17例,单张力带固定20例。结果所有患者均获得随访,时间6—28（18．2±3．4）个月,肘关节功能按Morrey评定标准进行评定：优34例,良7例,差2例。结论肱骨髁上骨折应采用Y型板双张力带进行双柱固定,而双克氏针张力带内固定手术操作简单,时间短,出血少,固定可靠,如掌握恰当的适应证,其疗效与Y型板固定相近。     

儿童严重移位肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤的治疗策略

目的：探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤的临床特点及治疗策略。方法：对2000年6月至2006年12月收治的28例肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤的患儿进行总结分析,所有骨折均为GartlandⅢ型,其中闭合性损伤24例,开放性损伤4例。16例（A组）行闭合复位穿针固定,12例（B组）行骨折切开复位并神经探查。切开手术者发现8例神经为挫伤,3例为嵌顿伤,1例为断裂伤。结果：28例神经功能均完全恢复,其中闭合复位穿针者4～6周内恢复13例,8～10周2例,12周1例;切开手术者神经功能恢复4～6周6例,8～10周3例,12～16周3例。结论：儿童肱骨髁上骨折伴神经损伤者,大部分损伤的神经功能可以在骨折闭合复位后逐步恢复,但必要时切开复位、神经探查、修复,同样有重要的现实意义。