福建省政和县儿童牙弓宽度生长发育的纵向研究

目的：通过对福建省北部政和县儿童牙弓宽度生长发育的4年追踪测量,研究当地儿童5-12岁阶段牙弓宽度生长发育的变化特点,为福建省北部儿童牙弓和腭弓生长发育的研究积累资料。方法：选取福建省建瓯市政和县年龄在4.0-8.5岁之间的140名儿童,追踪测量4年,每隔两年进行一次模型制取。采用电子数显游标卡尺对其上下颌模型进行测量,并对所得数据应用SPSS13.0进行统计学分析。结果：上颌乳尖牙间牙弓宽度在6-12岁阶段出现显著性增长;上颌第二乳磨牙间牙弓宽度在5-10岁阶段出现显著性增长;上颌第一恒磨牙间牙弓宽度在8-10岁阶段出现显著性增长。下颌乳尖牙间和下颌第二乳磨牙间牙弓宽度在5-8岁和10-12岁阶段出现显著性增长;下颌第一恒磨牙间牙弓宽度在8-10岁阶段出现显著性增长。结论：该地区儿童在5-12岁阶段牙弓宽度的生长发育变化存在一定规律。了解该规律会更好地指导临床诊疗。     

双侧完全性唇腭裂术后牙弓宽度的研究

目的探讨双侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌牙弓宽度关系及牙弓形态特征.方法唇腭裂组为23名第二恒磨牙已萌出的已经完成唇腭裂修复的双侧完全性唇腭裂患者,均为男性;选择23名年龄与唇腭裂组患者相匹配的第二恒磨牙均已萌出的正常(牙合)人作为对照组;制作牙(牙合)模型、记录颌间关系、游标卡尺测量牙弓各部位宽度并计算牙弓各段宽度与第二磨牙间宽度比,统计分析为两样本T检验.结果 (1)52.1%(12人)的患者存在后牙段的反(牙合),另外13.2%(3人)的患者宽度的不调累及双尖牙段及以前的牙弓.(2)双侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌除第二磨牙外各段间牙弓宽度,均小于正常(牙合)人,差异有显著性;(3)上颌牙弓除第一磨牙远中尖外,其余各段宽度与第二磨牙的宽度比均显著减小,差异显著.(4)双侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者下颌牙弓各段宽度正常.结论双侧完全性唇腭裂手术修复后上颌牙弓发育受到明显影响,牙弓缩窄明显并以尖牙双尖牙区显著,后牙反(牙合)发生率较高;上颌牙弓从后向前渐进缩窄,牙弓呈尖型.     

上海地区189名正常乳牙(牙合)数字化模型测量与分析

目的：研究正常乳牙(牙合)的性别差异以及生长发育规律。方法：在上海市徐汇区多所幼儿园内，获取3～6岁正常乳牙(牙合)儿童189名，通过口内光学扫描获取乳牙列的三维数字化模型。利用三维逆向工程软件Geomagic Studio12.0提取数据，测量乳牙(牙合)数字化模型的前牙牙弓弧长(APC)、全牙弓弧长(APE)、前牙牙弓长度(LC)、全牙弓长度（LE）、前牙牙弓宽度(C-C)、后牙牙弓宽度（E-E）、乳牙冠近远中径、上下颌间隙。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对测量数据进行统计学分析。结果：上下颌乳牙弓各参数的测量值均为男性显著大于女性（P<0.05）。按照年龄分组，3岁组中男性的上颌APC、C-C、E-E显著大于女性（P<0.05）。4岁组中，除上颌LC外，所有其他参数均具有显著差异（P<0.05）。5岁组中，除上颌APE，下颌APC、LC、LE、C-C外，其余上下颌各项参数均为男性显著大于女性（P<0.05）。6岁组中，除下颌APE外，其余参数均无显著差异。除上颌乳侧切牙和下颌乳中切牙外，其他乳牙的近远中径均为男性大于女性（P<0.05）。3～6岁不同年...     

����ʡ����������ͯ�񹭸߶����������IJ����о�

目的    获取福建省北部地区政和县儿童腭弓高度的测量数据,研究当地儿童腭弓高度生长发育的规律和特点。方法    2003年5月对福建省北部地区建瓯市政和县321名年龄为3 ~ 9岁的儿童,采用电子数显游标卡尺及分规对其上颌模型的乳尖牙间腭弓高度（PHC）、第二乳磨牙间腭弓高度（PHE）及第一恒磨牙间腭弓高度（PH6）进行测量,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果    不同性别间PHC、PHE和PH6差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。3个年龄组间PHE两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）;不同年龄组间PHC及PH6差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。结论    3 ~ 9岁儿童的第二乳磨牙间腭弓高度随年龄增长而显著增高。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者牙弓宽度正畸扩弓治疗后的稳定性研究

目的探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂后牙反[牙合]患者正畸扩弓矫治后牙弓宽度的稳定性。方法已经完成保持的经过四角舌弓及固定矫治器正畸治疗的手术后单侧完全性唇腭裂患者20名（男性14名，女性6名），三维测量仪对治疗前、治疗后及保持后的研究模型进行尖牙间、第一、二双尖牙、第一磨牙间宽度以及基骨和牙槽弓宽度的测量。统计方法为配对资料的方差分析，两两比较用Fishe rLSD法。结果经过四角舌弓及固定矫治器治疗后单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌各段宽度均增加，差异有统计学意义；下颌除第一双尖牙外各段宽度变化不具统计学意义。正畸治疗后上颌牙弓宽度的增加在尖牙和双尖牙区大于磨牙区。保持结束后牙弓各段宽度较治疗后均有减小，其中上颌尖牙间宽度减小1．34±0．82mm（P〈0．05）、第一双尖牙间宽度减小1．52±0．78mm（P〈0．05）达到显著水平。但是保持结束后上颌各段的牙弓宽度仍大于治疗前，差异有统计学意义。结论经过四角舌弓及固定矫治器系统治疗后，单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌牙弓各段的宽度均显著增加；保持结束后上颌牙弓各段宽度虽有复发，但是大部分矫治结果能够保持。     

MBT矫治前后牙弓宽度变化的模型分析研究

目的 分析牙列拥挤患者不拔牙与拔牙的MBT矫治对牙弓宽度变化的影响。方法 选择我院正畸科2008—2011年MBT矫治器治疗的牙列拥挤患者40例。其中轻中度牙列拥挤患者20例,使用MBT矫治器进行不拔牙正畸;中重度牙列拥挤患者20例,使用MBT矫治器进行拔除4颗第一前磨牙的拔牙正畸。测量术前术后石膏模型的牙弓宽度,对矫治前后不拔牙组和拔牙组的测量数据分别进行组内、组间统计学分析。结果 矫治前后不拔牙组:上颌尖牙间宽度增大,上下颌第一前磨牙、第一磨牙间宽度增大,有统计学意义;拔牙组:上颌尖牙间宽度增大,上下颌第二前磨牙、第一磨牙间宽度变小,有统计学意义。矫治前2组上下颌尖牙、第一磨牙间牙弓宽度相近,无统计学差异;矫治后不拔牙组上下颌第一磨牙间牙弓宽度大于拔牙组,有统计学意义,2组上下颌尖牙间牙弓宽度相近,差异无统计学意义。结论 不拔牙矫治牙弓宽度变化与拥挤部位、拥挤程度有关,拔牙矫治牙弓宽度变化主要与牙齿移动方向有关。拔牙矫治后尖牙间宽度不会减小。     

上海地区恒牙前期正常(牙合)儿童牙弓形态研究——下颌牙弓大小及上下牙弓间的关系

本文选择了80付(男女各40付)上海地区恒牙前期正常(牙合)模型,对下颌牙弓进行了下列项目的测量;切牙总宽度(T_4):前牙总宽度(T_6);尖牙间牙弓宽度(W_1);第一双尖牙间牙弓宽度(W_2);第一恒磨牙间弓宽度(W_3);前牙区牙弓长度(L_1);第一双尖牙区牙弓长度(L_2);第一恒磨牙区牙弓长度(L_3)。计算出男女二组各测量项目的均值、标准差并作了t检验,发现了上海地区恒牙前期正常(牙合)牙弓的特征并与华西医科大学的有关资料进行了比较,显示男性W_1、L_1及女性W_1华西医大资料大于本文结果(P<0.05～0.01),而男性L_2、L_3及女性L_3则本文结果大于华西医大资料(P<0.05～0.01),因此,模型分析作为制订治疗计划或治疗效果评价参考时应选用本地区自已的资料。     

出生后6周到45岁的人牙弓宽度变化

牙弓宽度在人一生中的变化是口腔正畸工作者非常关心的一个课题,它对于错(牙合)治疗计划的制定和治疗效果的维持均具有重要意义。 本研究试验对象分两组,一组从出生后6周到2岁,男28人,女33人;另一组从3岁到45岁,男15人,女15人。上、下颌牙弓宽度分别由两个人测量,精确到0.5mm。通过对牙弓宽度的纵向比较分析,得出以下结论:①从出生后6周到2岁,乳牙完全萌出前,上、下颌牙弓前段、后段宽度均有明显增加。②从3岁到13岁,上、下颌牙弓尖牙间宽度及磨牙间宽度均有显著增加,恒牙完全萌出后,牙弓宽度只有轻度增加,而且主要表现在尖牙间宽度。③下颌尖牙间宽度一般是在4个下颌切牙萌出后8岁时确定的。恒牙萌出后到45     

深圳地区儿童乳牙列期牙模型测量研究

目的通过对深圳地区4～6岁乳牙期中国南方汉族儿童牙模型的纵向资料测量,研究其牙弓宽度及长度的生长发育规律。方法在深圳市某幼儿园随机抽取4岁乳牙期汉族儿童75名,连续3年定期追踪,收集其模型,最终合格者16名(男孩10名,女孩6名),获得模型48副,进行牙弓宽度和长度测量,对测量结果进行方差分析。结果从4岁到6岁,男孩上颌乳尖牙间牙列宽度(arch width of C,AWC)增长0.15 cm,下颌增长0.13 cm,女孩上颌增长0.09 cm,下颌增长0.12 cm,男孩上颌第二乳磨牙间牙列宽度(arch width of E,AWE)增长0.15 cm,女孩上颌增长0.08 cm,下颌增长0.14 cm;女孩前牙间牙弓长度(arch length of C,ALC)上颌减小0.07 cm,下颌减小0.08 cm,男孩上颌全牙列牙弓长度(arch length of E,ALE)减小0.14cm,均具统计学意义(P<0.05)。男孩下颌AWE,上下颌ALC,下颌ALE及女孩ALE无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 4岁到6岁的生长变化中,乳牙列牙弓的宽度随年龄的增长而逐渐增宽,长度随年龄的增长有缩短的趋势。     

成人腭裂患者牙弓形态的比较研究

目的 探讨腭裂畸形本身及修复术对牙弓形态发育的影响.方法 应用牙颌模型CT扫描测量系统,对比分析正常(牙合)成人、单侧完全性唇腭裂(UCLP)均已修复组以及腭裂未修复组成人患者牙弓形态特征.结果 腭裂术后组上颌牙弓各段宽度、牙弓前段长度均显著小于未手术组(P ＜ 0.01);未手术组上颌牙弓前段宽度、上下颌牙弓长度均显著小于正常组(P ＜ 0.01),而上下颌牙弓后段宽度大于正常组(P ＜ 0.001).结论 腭部裂隙对上颌牙弓发育的影响仅仅局限于牙弓前部裂隙邻近的区域,腭裂手术是造成上颌牙弓宽度缩窄的主要原因,同时也抑制了上颌牙弓前段长度发育.     

7～9岁儿童乳磨牙缺损、缺失对咀嚼效能的影响

目的　研究乳磨牙缺损、缺失对7～9岁儿童咀嚼效能的影响。方法　采用吸光度法测定正常混合牙列、乳磨牙缺损、缺失混合牙列7～9岁儿童各2 6例0 .5min的咀嚼效能。结果　①乳磨牙缺损儿童与正常组儿童咀嚼效能间的差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 ) ,前者约为后者的78.17% ;②乳磨牙缺失儿童与正常组儿童咀嚼效能间的差异有显著性(P <0 .0 0 1) ,前者约为后者的6 3.0 1% ;③乳磨牙缺失儿童与乳磨牙缺损儿童咀嚼效能间的差异无显著性(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　乳磨牙缺损及缺失都将影响儿童咀嚼效能,应尽早给予充填修复,乳磨牙残根残冠已无法充填修复时,应及时拔除。     

替牙期62例上颌尖牙阻生儿童牙弓及腭部形态特征分析

目的:比较上颌尖牙阻生与无阻生儿童牙弓及腭部形态的差异,为上颌尖牙阻生早期识别和干预提供参考.方法:选择8～11岁[平均(9.82±1.04)岁]儿童62例,分为实验组(上颌尖牙阻生)和对照组(无上颌尖牙阻生),每组31例.将2组患者石膏模型通过3D激光扫描后转化为数字模型,测量牙弓宽度、牙弓长度、基骨宽度、腭部宽度、...     

Evaluation of changes in the dentoalveolar morphology in children with asthma

Hereditary, environmental and developmental factors play an important role in dentofacial development as well as the initiation of malocclusion disorder. Allergic phenomenon such as asthma that induce an alternative mode of breathing in patients is a contributing factor in malocclusion. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar morphology in asthmatic children. This study is centered on 44 asthmatic children aged between 6–12 years from J.S.S Hospital, Mysore. Selected variables from model analysis of the casts of the asthmatic group were subjected to comparison with those of the non asthmatic group, which comprised of 44 non asthmatic children. Selected parameters were arch width, arch length and palatal depth. Differences in arch widths, arch lengths and palatal depths between asthmatics and non asthmatics, and between subjects under regular and irregular medication in the asthmatic groups were evaluated by independent sample's ‘t’ tests. The results obtained revealed that the arch length and palatal depth of asthmatic group had higher values compared to that of non asthmatic groups for both age group (6–8 year old males and females, 10–12 year old males and females). Inter molar width showed a significant lower value in asthmatics in the maxillary arches of 10–12 year old females. Inter incisal width showed a significant lower value in 10–12 year old female asthmatics in the maxillary arch (P< 0.05). The present study proves a strong relation between Asthma and Dentoalveolar morphology as shown by an increased palatal depth and arch widths in Asthmatic children as compared to non asthmatic children.     

Dental crowding in primary dentition and its relationship to arch and crown dimensions among preschool children of Davangere

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate dental crowding in the deciduous dentition and its relationship to the crown and the arch dimensions among preschool children of Davangere. Stratified randomized selection of one hundred, 3-4 year old healthy children with all primary teeth erupted was done and divided into two groups. One group had children with anterior crowding in both the arches while the other had spacing. Alginate impressions of the upper and lower arches were made and the study casts were obtained. The tooth and arch dimensions were determined. Mesiodistal dimensions of all the teeth were significantly larger in the crowded arch group. However, the buccolingual dimensions of the maxillary right central incisor, mandibular lateral incisors and the maxillary molars and the crown shape ratio of maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular canines and mandibular right second molar was statistically different. No significant correlation was found between the arch width and the presence of crowding of deciduous dentition. The arch depth of the spaced dentition was greater when compared to the crowded ones. The arch perimeter of the crowded arches was significantly less than the spaced arches.     

Occlusion and tooth/arch dimensions in the primary dentition of preschool Jordanian children

Summary. Objectives. To assess tooth and arch dimensions, occlusal relationships and the presence of spacing or crowding in primary dentition of Jordanian children. Study design. A list of 10 kindergartens was randomly selected in the governate of Irbid, Jordan. A total of 1048 children (2·5–6 years old) with complete primary dentitions were examined for occlusal relationships in three planes, and the presence of spacing or crowding. Of those, study casts were taken for 87 randomly selected 4–5‐year‐old children (39 girls, 48 boys). Measurements of tooth and arch dimensions were made using electronic digital sliding callipers. Results. In general, males had larger mesiodistal tooth width and larger arch dimensions. Bilateral mesial step molar relationship was found in 47·7% of children followed by bilateral flush terminal molar relationship in 37% and bilateral distal step in 3·7%. Asymmetric right/left molar relationship was found in 11·6% of children examined. Class I canine relationship was found in 57% of children, followed by Class II canines in 29% and Class III canines in 3·7%. Fifty per cent of children examined had Class I incisors, 24·7% had Class II Division 1, 13·5% had Class II Division 2 and 11·8% showed reversed overjet. Ideal overbite was seen in 44·3% of children, reduced overbite in 21·8%, increased overbite in 28·2% and 5·7% had anterior openbite. Buccal crossbite was seen in 7% of the sample. Generalized spacing was found in 61·8% and 61·1% of children in the upper and lower arches, respectively. Anthropoid spaces were found in 70% of the upper arches and in 51% of the lower arches. Conclusions. Males had larger tooth/arch dimension than that of females in the primary dentition stage. Mesial step molar relationship was found in 47·7% of the subjects followed by flush terminal molar relationship in 37%. The majority of children examined had spaced primary dentition.     

Tooth size discrepancies and arch parameters among different malocclusions in a Jordanian sample

The objectives of this study were to determine the mean mesiodistal tooth width of the dentition, Bolton anterior and overall ratios, arch length, and arch width in the different malocclusions in a Jordanian sample. The mesiodistal tooth width, arch width, and length were measured on a total of 140 orthodontic models of school students aged 13-15 years of different occlusal relationships (Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III malocclusions). Anterior and overall Bolton ratios were calculated. The mean and standard deviation were calculated. Student's t-test and analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis. The results show that (1) females have smaller teeth than males; (2) Class III malocclusion showed larger teeth than the rest of the other occlusal categories; (3) no statistically significant differences were found in Bolton ratios between the different malocclusions; (4) Class II division 1 showed the narrowest maxillary arch compared with the other types of malocclusion; (5) the mandibular intercanine width was significantly larger in Class III group than in Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 groups; (6) the maxillary arch was significantly longer in Class II division 1 than in Class II division 2; and (7) the mandibular arch of both Class II categories was significantly shorter than Class III malocclusion group. In conclusion, tooth size differences were found between right and left sides, between females and males, and between the different malocclusions. Arch width and length also showed differences among the different malocclusions.     

传统与改良Hyrax扩弓器对牙弓、牙槽骨、基骨影响的CBCT对比研究

目的应用CBCT比较传统Hyrax扩弓器与改良Hyrax扩弓器对牙弓、牙槽骨及基骨的影响。方法将30例上颌牙弓狭窄的患者随机分为2组,传统Hyrax扩弓器组15例患者,8男7女,平均年龄(14.1±2.5)岁,改良Hyrax扩弓器组15例患者,9男6女,平均年龄(13.9±2.6)岁。收集2组患者扩弓前及扩弓3个月后的CBCT扫描数据,重建三维影像并测量牙弓、牙槽骨及基骨的相应指标,应用配对样本的t检验分析2组扩弓后测量指标的变化,应用独立样本的t检验分析2组测量指标之间的差异。结果 2组都存在基骨的改变及牙弓宽度的增加,2组之间的比较显示传统Hyrax组的第一、二前磨牙牙弓宽度大于改良Hyrax组,第一磨牙颊侧及腭侧牙槽骨厚度的变化2组并无统计学的差异,而第一前磨牙颊侧及腭侧牙槽骨的厚度变化2组有统计学差异,此外,2组之间绝对牙倾斜度比较也并无统计学差异。结论两种快速扩弓方法对于纠正上颌牙弓狭窄都有较为明显的效果,传统Hyrax扩弓器对第一前磨牙牙弓宽度及颊腭侧牙槽骨厚度的影响更大。     

The characteristics of the deciduous dental arch form of children in Changchum-city,China

It is important to know racial differences in the characteristics of the dental arch form from the view point not only of dental interests but also of anthropology. We got an opportunity to investigate the status of oral condition of children living in the Changchum-city, Jilin Province in China. The size and the form of the deciduous dental arch were measured using plaster casts prepared from the impressions taken at the time of oral examination. The same measurement was conducted using the dental plaster cast of the Japanese children and the size and shape of the dental arch were compared between the Japanese and the Chinese children. The subjects were the Chinese children who had the Hellman IIA dentition lining in Changchum-city. The average age of the Chinese children was 9 years and 4 months and that of the Japanese children was 4 years and 1 month. The measurement results showed that the Chinese children were bigger than Japanese children in every measurement items. As for the dental arch form, Japanese children had a U-shaped arch form with wider width in the front part of the dental arch. On the other hand, the Chinese children had a half-circle-shape arch form that the front arch width was not so wide but that of the back was wide.     

前牙反乳牙列的测量分析

目的 :分析乳前牙反对牙列的影响。方法 :作者对 2 6名 3～ 5岁前牙反之乳牙列进行测量 ,对其牙列宽度、长度、高度的均值及末端平面的类型进行分析。结果 :各项牙列宽度、长度均为上颌大于下颌 ;除下颌牙列宽度为男性大于女性外 ,其余各项男女间均无显著性差异 ;末端平面双侧性多于混合性。其中双侧近中型占 80 77% ,双侧垂直型为 7 6 9% ,未见远中型。混合性均为近中型 +垂直型 ,为 11 5 4%。结论 :乳前牙反对上、下颌牙列均有影响 ,根据其末端平面的表现 ,推测有相当一部分乳前牙反患者恒牙期将发展成Ⅲ 类错关系。