乳腺浸润性导管癌中p57kip2、cyclin D1和cyclin E的表达及意义

目的探讨p57kip2、cyclin D1及cyclin E蛋白在乳腺癌发生、发展中作用.方法用免疫组化S-P法检测64例乳腺浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)、15例乳腺导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)和15例癌旁正常乳腺组织中p57kip2、cyclin D1和cyclin E蛋白的表达情况.结果p57kip2、cyclin D1和cyclin E蛋白在IDC的阳性率与在乳腺不同组织之间相比,cyclin D1、cyclin E蛋白在DCIS的阳性率与癌旁正常乳腺组织之间相比差异均有显著性(P≤0.05,P＜0.01).在IDC中,三者表达均与腋窝淋巴结转移有关(P≤0.05,P＜0.01),cyclin D1蛋白的表达与组织学分级有关(P＜0.01),cyclinE蛋白的表达与肿块大小有关(P＜0.01);p57kip2与cyclin D1之间、p57kip2与cyclin E之间的表达均呈负相关(P＜0.01)、cyclinD1与cyclin E之间的表达呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论p57kip2蛋白低表达、cyclin D1和cyclin E蛋白高表达可能是乳腺组织恶性转变以及乳腺癌发生淋巴结转移的重要生物学标志,cyclin D1和cyclin E蛋白异常表达是乳腺癌发生的早期事件.联合检测p57kip2、cyclin D1及cyclin E蛋白对预测乳腺癌淋巴结转移有重要意义.     

鼻咽癌组织中EB病毒潜伏相关基因的表达

目的： 通过检测鼻咽癌组织中EB病毒的潜伏膜蛋白LMP1的序列以及LMP1、EBNA1、EBNA2的mRNA表达来探讨EB病毒的感染状态及其表达产物与鼻咽癌的关系。方法: 应用PCR法检测鼻咽癌组织中LMP1 DNA的存在，并对鼻咽癌来源的LMP1和EB病毒永生化狨猴B淋巴细胞系B95-8来源的LMP1进行测序，比较序列的差异。利用巢式RT-PCR检测鼻咽癌组织中LMP1、EBNA1、EBNA2的mRNA表达。结果: 47例鼻咽癌组织均含有LMP1 DNA，所有鼻咽癌来源的LMP1 DNA与B95-8来源的LMP1 DNA序列比较均存在着多个单核苷酸变异，最明显的是XhoⅠ酶切位点的丢失。测序后显示鼻咽癌来源的LMP1 DNA有30个核苷酸的丢失。巢式RT-PCR显示LMP1、EBNA1、EBNA2在鼻咽癌中的mRNA表达率分别为76.6％、80.0％和74.5％。其中EBNA1的表达是由Qp启动的，而B95-8细胞中EBNA1的表达是由Cp启动的。结论: 鼻咽癌中EB病毒的作用途径比较复杂，LMP1、EBNA1、EBNA2等潜伏期基因还有早期裂解基因BARF1均可能参与鼻咽癌的发生发展过程。     

细胞周期素D1、视网膜母细胞瘤样蛋白2及微小染色体维持蛋白7在肝细胞癌中的表达及对预后的意义

目的: 研究细胞周期素D1(cyclin D1)、视网膜母细胞瘤样蛋白2(RBL2/p130)及微小染色体维持蛋白7(MCM7)在肝细胞癌(以下简称肝癌)中的表达及对预后诊断的意义。方法: 用免疫组织化学法检测44例肝癌组织、26例癌旁硬化肝组织及18例正常肝组织中cyclin D1、RBL2/p130及MCM7的表达情况,并分析其与肝癌患者临床参数间的关系。结果: 肝癌组织中cyclin D1和MCM7的阳性表达率分别是68.2%和72.7%,显著高于正常肝组织及癌旁硬化肝组织(P＜0.01);RBL2/p130的阳性表达率为34.1%,显著低于正常肝组织及癌旁硬化肝组织(P＜0.01),MCM7与cyclin D1的表达呈正相关(r=0.349,P＜0.05),与RBL2/p130的表达呈负相关(r=-0.421, P＜0.01);cyclin D1与RBL2/p130的表达呈负相关(r=-0.435, P＜0.01)。Cyclin D1及MCM7的表达与肿瘤包膜的完整性、肿瘤分化程度及肝癌临床分期有关,RBL2/p130的表达与有无门脉癌栓、肿瘤分化程度及肝癌临床分期有关(P<0.05)。MCM7还与肿瘤大小及甲胎蛋白(AFP)值的大小有关。多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、MCM7及cyclin D1与肝癌预后相关(P<0.05)。MCM7及cyclin D1阳性表达的患者、RBL2/p130阴性表达的患者预后差(P<0.05)。结论: Cyclin D1、RBL2/p130和MCM7的异常表达在肝癌形成过程中发挥了重要作用。监测其在肝癌中的表达情况将有助于判断肝癌患者的预后。     

潜伏期膜蛋白1与疾病关系的研究进展

EB病毒(EBV)是一种普遍存在的致癌病毒,是高度相关的淋巴和上皮肿瘤的来源和发展,包括伯基特淋巴瘤和鼻咽癌(NPC)等,EBV基因几乎可以在所有细胞中。EBV感染通常与少数潜伏病毒功能的蛋白质表达,包括潜伏膜蛋白LMP1和LMP2A等和巴尔核抗原1(EBNA1)。LMP1是肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族的成员,被认为是EBV的主要致瘤蛋白。在EB病毒中通过2个C末端结构域编码基因蛋白LMP1信号来驱动细胞生长,存活和转化。LMP1蛋白目前是惟一已被证实的EB病毒的癌基因,LMP1的表达参与了肿瘤的发生与发展,是目前癌症方面研究的重点。     

EB病毒抗原单克隆抗体的特异性研究

5种EB病毒细胞系通过三步放大间接免疫过氧化物酶方法,检测抗EB病毒抗原的单克隆抗体(McAb)—病毒壳抗原(VCA)、膜抗原(MA),早期抗原(EA)、早期弥漫性抗原(EA—D)、早期限制性抗原(EA—R)、核抗原(EBNA)、核抗原第2型(EBNA—2)及潜在性膜蛋白(LMP)。结果表明McAb、EBNA、EBNA—2和EA有较高特异性,VCA和EA—R有一定特异性,MA、LMP和EA—D未得到预期的特异性反应。     

细胞周期蛋白G1在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床病理学意义

目的 探讨喉鳞状细胞癌组织中细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)G1表达与临床病理参数及p53、癌组织微血管密度(MVD)的关系,并分析其作为预测喉鳞状细胞癌预后指标的可能性.方法 采用免疫组织化学(EnVision法)检测81例喉鳞状细胞癌组织中cyclin G1、p53的表达情况,用CD34标记新生血管内皮细胞,在显微镜下观察MVD.同时测它们在20例癌旁正常喉黏膜中的表达.结果 与正常喉黏膜组织相比,肿瘤组织中cyclin G1、p53表达及MVD均明显增加.喉鳞状细胞癌组织中cyclin G1、p53的阳性表达率分别为61.7%(50/81)和65.4%(53/81),在p53蛋白表达阳性和阴性的喉鳞状细胞癌组织标本中,cyclin G1蛋白阳性率分别为71.7%(38/53)和42.9%(12/28),cyclin G1表达与p53有相关性(Kappa值为0.281,P=0.011).cyclin G1蛋白阳性组平均MVD为(51.23±16.46),阴性者(30.74±12.29),其差异有统计学意义(P=0.005).cyclin G1高表达与肿瘤组织分化程度、颈淋巴结转移以及5年生存率均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.002、0.013和0.032).结论 cyclin G1蛋白在喉鳞状细胞癌中存在高表达,并与p53、MVD关系密切,cyclin G1异常表达可能在喉鳞状细胞癌发生、发展及转移过程中发挥重要作用,并可能作为判断患者预后的指标之一.     

EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白2的研究回顾

Epstein Barr病毒 (EBV)属于疱疹病毒科γ亚科 ,在人类中广泛传播。大多数EBV的初次感染是在患者幼儿时期 ,而且没有明显的临床症状 ,终身携带病毒。EBV与越来越多的人类肿瘤相关 ,包括由于免疫抑制引起的免疫增生性淋巴瘤、Burkitt淋巴瘤、NPC、HD和多种T细胞淋巴瘤等疾病。EBV潜伏感染时表达 8种蛋白 (6种核蛋白EBNA1、EBNA2、EBNA3A、EBNA3B、EBNA3C、EBNALP和 2种膜蛋白LMP1和LMP2 )。在这些与转化相关的病毒蛋白中 ,EBNA1、LMP1、LMP2是在NPC肿瘤标本和EBV相关肿瘤中可以检测到的蛋白。1　LMP2的功能198…     

宫颈液基细胞中p16INK4a和cyclin E蛋白表达及其对CIN Ⅰ患者预后的评估价值

目的:探讨宫颈液基细胞中p16INK4a和cyclin E蛋白表达及其对CINI患者预后的评估价值。方法:收集我院病理科2005-10/2008-10液基细胞学诊断CIN Ⅰ级患者86例,均经病理组织学证实为CIN Ⅰ级。采用免疫细胞化学染色检测p16INK4a及cyclin E蛋白,同时随访1年,观察其表达与患者病情转归的相关性。结果:86例CIN Ⅰ级患者宫颈液基细胞中p16INK4a阳性表达59例(68.6%),cyclin E阳性表达70例(81.4%)。随访1年,54例CINI病变治愈,21例CIN Ⅰ病变未愈,11例进展为CIN Ⅱ及CIN Ⅲ(恶化)。59例pl6INK4A阳性表达病例中28例治愈,20例未愈,11例恶化;而27例pl6INK4A表达阴性者中26例治愈,1例仍未愈,均无恶化。两者比较有统计学差异(P0.01)。70例cyclin E阳性表达病例中29例治愈,26例未愈,15例恶化;而16例cyclin E表达阴性者均治愈。两者比较有统计学差异(P0.01)。结论:p16INK4a及cyclin E蛋白联合检测对判断宫颈CIN Ⅰ患者预后可能具有重要的临床价值。     

霍奇金淋巴瘤EB病毒感染和p53蛋白表达的关系

目的 :探讨EB病毒在霍奇金淋巴瘤 (HL)潜伏感染和 p5 3蛋白表达的关系。 方法 :应用EBER 1寡核苷酸探针以原位杂交 (ISH)方法检测 72例HL组织中的EBER ;用免疫组化方法检测 p5 3蛋白表达。 结果 :发现HL中R S细胞EBER 1和p5 3蛋白的阳性率分别为 5 3 2 0 %和 47 2 2 %。HL中EBER 1检出率明显高于淋巴结反应性增生组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,同时HL中的R S细胞含有EBV潜伏感染期中高拷贝 (RNA ,EBER 1)含量丰富 ,阳性信号在核仁蛋白膜表达。检测HL淋巴细胞衰减型 p5 3的阳性率较高。结论 :HL发生可能与EB病毒潜伏感染有关。EB病毒、p5 3之间可能存在内在联系并相互影响 ,p5 3蛋白阳性者预后不良。     

益气解毒方对TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT小鼠鼻咽黏膜上皮细胞周期相关蛋白的影响

目的 研究益气解毒方对TgN (p53mt-LMP l)/HT转基因小鼠鼻咽黏膜上皮细胞周期相关蛋白p53、p21、CDK2和cyclinD1的影响.方法 TgN (p53mt-LMP1)/HT转基因小鼠随机分为3组,分别为模型组(MG)、益气解毒方干预组(YG)、维甲酸阳性对照组(TG),每组24只;同品系C57BL/6J鼠24只作对照组(CG).各组均用诱癌剂二亚硝基哌嗪进行处理(每次剂量73 mg/kg,每周2次,共28次).采用免疫组织化学染色法检测小鼠鼻咽黏膜上皮细胞周期相关蛋白p53、p21、CDK2和cyclinD1的表达水平,并采用Western blot法进行验证.结果 YG组、TG组及CG组p53蛋白和cyclinD1蛋白表达均显著低于MG组(P＜0.05);YG、TG及CG组p21蛋白表达量高于MG组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各组CDK2蛋白表达量差异无统计学意义.结论 益气解毒方逆转鼻咽黏膜癌前病变的发展可能与下调cyclin D1蛋白和上调p21蛋白表达有关.     

Epstein-Barr virus infection and its gene expression in gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) has not been well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate EBV infection and its gene expression in this tumor in order to understand its role in the pathogenesis. EBV infection was screened by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded nonpolyadenylated RNA (EBER ISH) in 79 cases of gastric MALT lymphoma of nonimmunocompromised patients. The expression of EBV proteins [LMP1 (latent membrane protein 1), EBNA2 (EBV nuclear antigen 2), ZEBRA (switch protein encoded by BZLF1 gene)] was studied by immunohistochemistry in EBER-positive cases. EBV was detected with EBER ISH in 15 (19%) of the 79 cases. EBV was found in virtually all tumor cells in 2 cases of high-grade MALT lymphoma (2.5%) (EBV-associated), and was found only in occasional large or small lymphoid cells in 13 cases (16.5%). False positive EBER signal was detected in the mucinous glandular epithelial cells of gastric antrum with FITC-labeled oligonucleotide probe but not with digoxigenin or ³⁵S-labeled riboprobes. Type II latency (EBER+LMP1+ EBNA2-) was detected in both EBV-associated cases. Type III latency (EBER+LMP1+EBNA2+) was also identified in one EBV-associated case besides latency II. Double labeling showed coexpression of LMP1 and EBNA2 in a small number of tumor cells, indicating the presence of type III latency in single cell level. In cases with only occasional EBER-positive large or small lymphoid cells, LMP1 and EBNA2 were not detected. ZEBRA was negative in all the cases. These findings suggest that EBV may contribute to the pathogenesis of a small proportion of high-grade MALT lymphoma, where virtually all tumor cells harbored EBV and the oncogenic viral protein LMP1 was expressed. Moreover, latency III of EBV infection may exist in nonimmunocompromised patient. J. Med. Virol. 56:342–350, 1998 . © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL,IMMUNOLOGICAL AND GENETIC STUDIES OF CD30+ ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA OF B-CELL TYPE; ASSOCIATION WITH EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS IN A JAPANESE POPULATION

The clinicopathological features, the immunophenotype, and the presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated genomes and gene products were examined in 17 cases of CD30⁺ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) of B-cell type. Microscopically, the 17 cases were divided into ten cases of the monomorphic type and seven cases of the pleomorphic type. EBV was detected in 6 of 17 cases (38 per cent) by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) with EBV-encoded RNA (EBER1). EBER1⁺ cases consisted of two cases (20 per cent) of the monomorphic type and four cases (57 per cent) of the pleomorphic type. The five EBER1⁺ cases showed clonality of the EBV genome by Southern blotting, consistent with the presence of EBV in a monoclonal proliferation. The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) was found in all six EBER1⁺ cases and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) was present in two cases by immunohistochemistry. No expression of LMP1 or EBNA2 was observed in the EBER1⁻ cases. The EBER1⁺ cases had a tendency for a more favourable prognosis than the EBER1⁻ cases. It is concluded that EBV has an association with CD30⁺ ALCL of B-cell type in the Japanese population studied, and especially with the large pleomorphic type. EBV infection may play a pathoaetiological role and may influence clinical behaviour.     

Association of distinctive Epstein–Barr virus variants with gastric carcinoma in Guangzhou,southern China

To investigate the clinicopathologic features, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latency pattern and genome polymorphism of EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) in Guangzhou, an endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an in situ hybridization assay of EBV‐encoded small RNA‐1 (EBER‐1) was used to identify the presence of EBV in 676 consecutive gastric carcinoma cases. EBV‐encoded proteins EBNA1, EBNA2, LMP1, and ZEBRA were detected by immunohistochemistry. EBV genome polymorphism was also analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Of the 676 cases, 45 EBV‐positive cases (6.7%) were identified, including 37 (8.5%) male and 8 (3.3%) female cases. EBNA1 was detected in 42 cases (93.3%), while EBNA2, LMP1, and ZEBRA were all negative. In the EBV genome polymorphism analysis, type A strain, prototype F, type I, XhoI?, and del‐LMP1 variants were predominant among EBVaGC patients, accounting for 44 (97.8%), 37 (82.2%), 45 (100%), 34 (75.6%), and 42 (93.3%) cases, respectively. Moreover, a new hotspot mutation in the BamHI‐W1/I1 boundary region (148,972 T → C) was found in 39 (86.7%) of the 45 cases. The predominant EBV variants in EBVaGC in Guangzhou are prototype F, type I, and XhoI?, which are different from those in NPC in this area (predominant variant‐type “f”) and in EBVaGC in Latin American countries (predominant type “i” and XhoI+), suggesting that the EBV variants are not only geographically distributed but also disease restricted, and the pathogenic role of EBV in different EBV associated epithelial malignancies in different areas may be distinct. J. Med. Virol. 82:658–667, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Presence of Epstein-Barr virus in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the middle ear.

AIM: To examine the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with carcinoma of the ear. METHODS: Five non-keratinising squamous cell carcinomas and two undifferentiated carcinomas of the ear were examined. In situ hybridisation was used to localised EBV-encoded RNAs (EBER). Immunohistochemical methods to detect LMP-1 and EBNA2 were performed in the EBER positive cases. RESULTS: Two cases were EBER positive, including one non-keratinising and one undifferentiated carcinoma. Both showed identical morphology to those arising from the nasopharynx, with abundant lymphoid stroma. They were both negative for LMP-1 and EBNA2. CONCLUSIONS: EBV associated carcinoma with the morphology of lymphoepithelioma can also arise from the middle ear.     

EB病毒对人胃癌细胞系HSC-39感染的研究

目的 探讨EB病毒（EBV）对胃癌细胞系的感染作用。方法 用Akata和P3HR－1 EBV毒株感染人胃癌印戒细胞系（HSC－39），有限稀释法对感染细胞进行克隆。结果 EBV感染细胞中可检测到EBV编码的核抗原（EBNA)，2种EBV毒株感染的细胞克隆表现有不同的形态学特征及生长方式。EBV感染的亲代细胞及大部分克隆表达EBNA1，但不表达EBNA2、潜伏期膜蛋白（LMP）1和LMP2A；亲代细胞及所有细胞克隆未观察到裂解感染，EBNA启动子Qp表达阳性，而启动子Cp和Wp未见表达。结论 HSC－39对2种EBV毒株均易感，EBV感染可改变HSC－39的细胞表型，且不同EBV毒株对其影响不同，提示印戒细胞癌细胞系可用作EBV感染的靶细胞。     

Deletion of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 gene in Japanese and Brazilian gastric carcinomas, metastatic lesions, and reactive lymphocytes.

A 30-bp deletion in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene has been reported in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EBV-associated malignant lymphomas. Information on this deletion in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is limited. The association of gastric carcinoma (GC) with EBV was examined by EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization in 510 patients from Japan and 80 patients from Brazil. We studied the prevalence of 30-bp LMP1 gene deletion in EBVaGC in Japan (29 cases) and Brazil (four cases) in comparison with the corresponding EBER1-positive metastatic lesions in lymph nodes (10 cases) and EBV-infected reactive lymphocytes from dissected nonmetastatic lymph nodes (22 cases), microdissected non-neoplastic gastric mucosa of EBVaGC (five cases), and EBV-nonassociated GC (25 cases). We studied the status of the LMP1 gene by Southern blot hybridization of polymerase chain reaction products obtained after amplification with primers flanking the site of the deletion. We also performed EBV typing and LMP1 protein immunohistochemistry. EBV DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction in 30 of 33 EBVaGC cases, 8 of 10 metastatic carcinomas, 14 non-neoplastic tissues from 27 EBVaGC cases, and 12 of 25 non-EBV-associated GC cases with EBER1-positive lymphocytes. The 30-bp LMP1 gene deletion was observed in 23 of 26 (88.5%) cases of EBVaGC from Japan and two of four (50%) cases of Brazilian EBVaGC as compared with EBER1-positive reactive lymphocytes from 11 of 14 (78.6%) EBVaGC cases and 9 of 12 (75%) cases of non-EBV-associated GC. The variant type (the 30-bp deletion variant or nondeleted wild type) of LMP1 gene was the same among reactive lymphocytes, primary and secondary lesions of EBVaGC in all cases for which all three tissue types were studied (six of six). There was no correlation between the presence of the 30-bp deletion with depth of cancer invasion or presence of metastasis. Type A was detected in all available EBV-positive cases. The similar high incidence of 30-bp deletion in LMP1 gene in both carcinoma cells and reactive lymphocytes in EBVaGC cases suggests that this deletion may not be relevant to the pathogenesis of EBVaGC.