36例成人甲状舌管囊肿外科诊治分析

目的 分析成人甲状舌管囊肿临床特点及外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析36例成人甲状舌管囊肿临床表现及外科治疗方法.结果 36例均接受Sistrunk手术治疗并治愈,术后1例并发切口感染,2例复发(复发率5.6％),复发患者经再次手术治疗后痊愈.结论 应充分认识甲状舌管囊肿的病因和病理解剖特点,将手术的重点放在处理舌骨及...     

完全乳晕入路腔镜手术治疗甲状舌管囊肿6例报告

目的探讨完全乳晕入路行腔镜甲状舌管囊肿切除的可行性。方法 2010年1月~2015年6月我科对6例先天性甲状舌管囊肿行完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状舌管囊肿切除术。腔镜下显露囊肿,处理舌骨及其以上的病变部分,完成甲状舌管囊肿切除。结果 6例顺利完成完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状舌管囊肿切除术,手术时间65~90 min,(75.8±10.7)min;术中出血量5~20 ml,(10.0±6.3)ml。术后切口均一期愈合,无手术并发症发生。6例术后随访12~36个月,(24.7±8.6)月,复查颈部B超或CT均未见复发。结论完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状舌管囊肿切除术具有较佳的美容效果,安全可行。     

小儿甲状舌管囊肿和瘘术后复发的原因分析

目的 探讨甲状腺舌管囊肿和瘘术后复发的原因及预防措施。方法 总结10年来我院收治的102例甲状腺舌管囊肿和瘘的临床资料，误诊6例。全部病例经手术治疗，术后随访1－11年。结果 术后复发9例，复发率为8．8％，其中甲状舌管囊肿术后复发3例，甲状舌管瘘术后复发6例。术中发现未切除舌骨中段，瘘管多发分支以及囊肿感染形成瘘管是复发的主要原因。结论 常规行根治性手术是预防本病复发的主要措施。甲状舌管囊肿应尽可能在感染前手术，以免形成瘘管，增加手术难度；若复发应将瘘管周围组织切除直径扩大至1cm左右。     

小儿甲状舌管囊肿的诊治体会(附38例报道)

目的探讨小儿甲状舌管囊肿的诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析我院1998年1月至2007年1月期间收治的38例小儿甲状舌管囊肿患者的临床资料。结果38例均行手术治疗,术后病理报告：“甲状舌管囊肿”或“甲状舌管囊肿伴感染”,术后5d均痊愈出院。28例获随访,随访时间为1年,有2例分别于术后5个月和7个月复发,1年后行再次手术治愈。结论小儿甲状舌管囊肿初次治疗应采用正确的手术方法,以减少术后复发。     

甲状腺舌管囊肿与瘘的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨甲状腺舌管囊肿与诊治问题。方法 回顾性分析我院手术治疗67例甲状腺舌管囊肿与瘘患者的临床资料。结果 本组术前诊断率为92．5％，行B超检查者诊断准确率为96．1％；全组均行手术治疗，其中作单纯切除14例，连部分舌骨膜切除12例，连舌骨中段切除（Sistrun′s手术）41例。54例获随访，其中随访舌管囊肿患者43例，复发4例，复发率9．3％；随访瘘管患者11例，复发2例，复发率18．2％。结论 高频超声检查对甲状腺舌管囊肿的诊断及鉴别诊断具一定特征性及临床价值。术后复发原因与手术方式以及术前感染是否控制有关，在囊肿未感染前正确施行Sistrunk′s手术可降低要后复发率。     

美蓝在甲状舌管囊肿（瘘）切除术后中的应用附68例报告

目的：总结甲状舌管囊肿（瘘）切除术的的经验，减少手术复发率。方法：68例甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管中常规注入美蓝，显示囊肿（瘘管）的范围，方向及走行，分支，协助术中仔细分辨，解剖，彻底切除，结果：甲状舌管囊肿切除术58例，无复发，甲状舌管瘘切除术10例，复发1例，本组复发率1．5％。结论：甲状舌管囊肿（瘘管）中注入美蓝手术，可降低甲状舌管囊肿（瘘）切除术的术后复发率。     

甲状舌管囊肿23例手术切除临床体会

目的:探讨甲状舌管囊肿或瘘的外科手术治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析本院收集甲状舌管囊肿或瘘23例手术资料。结果:手术治疗23例,无1例复发,无任何并发症。手术如果能做到彻底切除囊肿和瘘管,切除部分中段舌骨直到舌盲孔处,可以防止复发。结论:甲状舌管囊肿或合并瘘管形成,或是术后复发,如果手术方法正确,均可以通过手术切除达到临床治愈。     

美蓝在甲状舌管囊肿(瘘)切除术中的应用附68例报告

目的　总结甲状舌管囊肿 (瘘 )切除术的经验 ,减少手术复发率。　方法　 68例甲状舌管囊肿或瘘管中常规注入美蓝 ,显示囊肿 (瘘管 )的范围、方向及走行、分支 ,协助术中仔细分辨、解剖、彻底切除。　结果　甲状舌管囊肿切除术 5 8例 ,无复发 ;甲状舌管瘘切除术 10例 ,复发 1例。本组复发率 1 5 %。　结论　甲状舌管囊肿 (瘘管 )中注入美蓝手术 ,可降低甲状舌管囊肿 (瘘 )切除术的术后复发率     

甲状舌管囊肿术后复发因素分析

目的探讨甲状舌管囊肿的术后复发原因及预防措施。方法回顾性分析26例甲状舌管囊肿患者的临床资料。结果所有手术标本均经病理学确诊。术后随访1年复发率为11.5%（3/26）,2例因未切除舌骨中段及舌骨上盲管导致舌管残留,1例为遗漏舌管分支,均再次手术治愈。结论术前充分认知甲状舌管囊肿的解剖学特点,明确诊断,选择合适的手术时机,操作轻柔,彻底切除舌管及其分支可减少术后复发。     

保留舌骨的腔镜甲状舌管囊肿切除术

目的 探讨保留舌骨的腔镜甲状舌管囊肿切除术的可行性.方法 2017年1月 ～2019年12日,颈部彩超、CT或MRI诊断甲状舌管囊肿6例,行完全乳晕入路腔镜下保留舌骨的甲状舌管囊肿切除术.2例甲状舌管囊肿瘘管的盲端位于舌骨下缘水平,4例位于舌骨上缘2 cm以下.结果 6例甲状舌管囊肿均完整切除,切口一期愈合,无并发症....     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.