全膝关节置换中应用旋转平台和固定平台假体效果的Meta分析

背景：旋转假体是否优于固定假体学术界目前仍有争议。 目的：全膝关节置换中应用旋转或固定平台型假体的临床结果比较,分析两类假体的疗效差异。 方法：检索Medline、Embase、Cochranelibrary、中国生物医学文献数据库及相关参考文献,收集比较旋转和固定型假体全膝关节置换的随机对照试验,采用Cochrane的随机方法学评价文献质量,应用RevMan5.1.2 进行Meta 分析。使用GRADEpro version3.2.2软件对纳入研究进行证据评级。 结果与结论：纳入10个随机对照试验,总共764例,置换旋转假体的实验组381例,置换平台假体的对照组383例。纳入研究的方法学偏倚均较低。术后疗效均较术前明显提高,组间比较的Meta 分析结果显示,两组膝关节评分、关节活动度及置换后并发症、翻修率均未发现明显的统计学差异。结果显示,目前证据未能证明旋转平台假体优于固定平台假体,需要开展更多高质量的对照试验加以证实,但无论选择何种假体均有可能获得满意的临床效果。     

高屈曲度固定平台和高屈曲度旋转平台膝关节假体置换后的早期步态比较

背景：高屈曲度固定平台膝关节假体与高屈曲度旋转平台膝关节假体设计机制不同,观点也各不相同。 目的：通过对两种膝关节假体置换患者进行美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS评分)及步态分析,比较两类假体置换患者的早期疗效。 方法：随机选取人工膝关节置换患者34例,按照置换假体的不同分为高屈曲固定平台假体组和旋转平台假体组进行对比观察。 结果与结论：两类不同设计假体在置换后12个月内在HSS评分及各步态参数差异无显著性意义。通过步态分析技术,能够更精确地对膝关节置换后参数进行比较,通过与临床评分结合,更全面地了解术后疗效。     

全膝关节置换固定和旋转平台假体的有限元分析

背景:目前有研究对全膝关节置换进行三维有限元分析,但关于全膝关节置换固定平台假体和旋转平台假体聚乙烯衬垫内外侧接触压和接触面积的研究不多。目的:探讨全膝关节置换固定平台假体和旋转平台假体聚乙烯衬垫内外侧接触压和接触面积。方法:建立全膝关节置换固定平台假体和旋转平台假体的三维有限元模型,比较全膝关节置换固定平台假体和旋转平台假体聚乙烯衬垫内外侧接触压和接触面积。结果与结论:全膝关节置换固定平台假体和旋转平台假体的聚乙烯衬垫内侧和外侧接触压峰值以屈膝0°时最小,全膝关节置换固定平台假体和旋转平台假体聚乙烯衬垫内侧接触压峰值在屈膝0°-90°时均高于外侧接触压峰值(P<0.05)。全膝关节置换固定平台假体在屈膝60°-120°时聚乙烯衬垫内外侧接触压峰值均高于旋转平台内外侧接触压峰值(P<0.05)。全膝关节置换固定平台假体和旋转平台假体聚乙烯衬垫内侧和外侧接触面积以屈膝0°时最大。全膝关节置换固定平台假体聚乙烯衬垫内侧接触面积在屈膝0°-30°时均低于外侧接触面积(P<0.05),全膝关节置换固定平台假体聚乙烯衬垫内侧接触面积在屈膝0°-90°时均低于外侧接触面积(P<0.05)。全膝关节置换固定平台假体在屈膝30°-120°时聚乙烯衬垫内外侧接触面积均低于旋转平台内外侧接触面积(P<0.05)。表明全膝关节置换固定平台假体和旋转平台假体内外侧聚乙烯衬垫内侧接触压峰值高于外侧接触压峰值,内侧接触面积低于外侧接触面积,旋转平台假体的内外侧接触压低于固定平台假体,旋转平台假体的内外侧接触面积高于固定平台假体。     

旋转平台全膝置换术治疗治疗重症膝关节炎34例的临床观察

目的探讨旋转平台全膝置换治疗重症膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法对2007年1月～2009年10月我院34例（41膝）人工旋转平台全膝置换术进行临床分析和总结,行HSS[5,6]膝关节评分系统进行分析。结果术后平均随访17个月（5～31个月）,手术前HSS（thehospitalforspecialsurgery）评分平均51分,手术后评分平均92分,手术优良率为91%。病人术后在膝关节疼痛,功能和活动度方面有明显改善。结论旋转平台全膝置换术对治疗重症膝关节炎有良好的疗效。     

高屈曲与旋转平台假体全膝关节置换术后早期疗效的比较

目的比较采用高屈曲与旋转平台假体的全膝关节置换术的早期疗效。方法选取2013年2月~10月首次行全膝关节置换术的患者,分为RPF组和RP组,随访时间为6个月。记录术前、6个月的关节活动度与HSS评分。结果 RPF组与RP组术前活动度、HSS评分、一般资料比较均无统计学差异,具有可比性。 RPF组术后6个月活动度较RP组差异有统计学意义,=0.001;HSS评分RPF组较RP组差异有统计学意义,=0.028;术前活动度大于等于100o的RPF假体术后6个月增加的活动度小于术前小于100o的术后6个月增加的活动度,差异有统计学意义。术前小于100o和大于等于100o的RPF假体术后6个月活动度均大于相对应的术前小于100o和大于等于100o的RP假体,差异有统计学意义。术前小于100o的RPF假体术后6个月增加的活动度大于术前小于100o的RP假体,差异有统计学意义。术前大于等于100o的RPF假体术后6个月增加的活动度与RP假体无统计学差异。结论术后6个月活动度及功能评分高屈曲假体优于一般假体;术前活动度小于100o采用高屈曲假体在术后6个月能获得更多的活动度。     

Deluxe-PS型与PFC Sigma RP型假体在膝关节置换中的比较

BACKGROUND: During artificial knee replacement for all kinds of severe knee disease or conservative treatment for end-stage knee disease, Deluxe-PS knee prosthesis and PFC Sigma RP knee prosthesis have their advantages. OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the matching of the Deluxe-PS and PFC Sigma RP knee prostheses with bone cross section. METHODS: According to the use of the knee prosthesis, 87 gonarthritis patients undergoing bilateral knee replacement were divided into two groups. 46 cases in the test group received Deluxe-PS knee prosthesis replacement. 41 cases in the control group received PFC Sigma RP knee prosthesis replacement. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. American Knee Society score, knee score of American Special Surgical Hospital and knee joint range of motion were used to evaluate knee joint function before replacement, 3 months after replacement and during final follow-up. Anteroposterior X-ray films were obtained after replacement to measure valgus angle and flexion angle of femoral prosthesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly better in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) No significant difference in American Knee Society score, knee score of American Special Surgical Hospital and knee joint motion was detected between the two groups before replacement and 3 months after replacement (P > 0.05). Above indexes were significantly improved in both groups at 3 months after replacement and during final follow-up (P < 0.05). (3) No significant difference in valgus angle and flexion angle of femoral prosthesis was identified between test and control groups during final follow-up (P > 0.05). (4) These findings indicate that effect of Deluxe-PS type artificial knee prosthesis was identical to that of PFC Sigma RP knee prosthesis in knee osteoarthritis patients receiving bilateral knee joint replacement. Deluxe-PS type artificial knee prosthesis can perfectly realize high-accuracy combination of the prosthesis and the bone cross section, and enhance the fusion suitability of the prosthesis and the bone surface. Deluxe-PS type artificial knee prosthesis has the advantage of operation. This advantage is possibly because Deluxe-PS type artificial knee prosthesis is more in line with the anatomical structure of the knee joint of Chinese.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

采用Gemini MKⅡ旋转活动平台假体行全膝关节置换

背景：全膝关节置换目前仍以固定平台假体为主,但活动平台假体临床使用量逐年增加,虽然旋转活动平台假体在理论上被认为能显著改善疗效,但至今尚未获得临床证实。 目的：总结Gemini MKⅡ(Link,Germany)旋转活动平台假体的设计特征和临床效果。 方法：选取2004年1月至2009年1月采用Gemini MKⅡ旋转活动平台假体行全膝关节置换的患者108例(119膝),男31例,女77例;单侧97例,双侧一期置换11例;置换前诊断：血友病性关节炎1例,性病性Charcot’s病1例,创伤后关节炎8例,类风湿性关节炎11例,退变性骨关节炎87例。假体均采用骨水泥固定,所有患者均未行髌骨置换。 结果与结论：置换后均未出现感染、股骨髁骨折或血管、神经损伤等并发症。除双侧置换外,单侧置换的平均手术时间为(56±13) min。平均置换后血红蛋白下降值为(25±5) g/L,其中83例(86%)置换后血红蛋白仍维持在100 g/L 以上,无需输血。置换半年后的膝关节评分和功能评分分别恢复至(92.0±4.7)分和(90.3±6.8)分;末次随访时分别为(94.4±3.2)分和(91.6±5.9)分,较置换前显著改善(P < 0.01)。未见因内衬脱出或旋出,以及因骨溶解或假体松动需行翻修者。提示Gemini MKⅡ旋转活动平台假体的早中期临床疗效满意,但远期疗效仍有待临床进一步证实。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

有限元分析在人工膝关节置换中的应用

背景：人工膝关节置换作为治疗膝关节骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等各类终末期关节疾患最有效的方法,广泛应用于关节外科领域。有限元分析是随着计算机技术不断进步而逐渐发展而来的一种生物力学研究方法,具有强大的建模功能和三维仿真特点。目前,有限元分析已广泛应用于骨科生物力学研究。目的：综述有限元分析技术在各类人工膝关节置换术中的应用现状与进展。方法：使用计算机检索PubMed、CNKI、万方数据库发表的关于有限元分析与人工膝关节置换的相关文献,文献发表时间为从各数据库建库至2022年8月,英文检索词：finite element analysis,TKA,UKA,revision total knee arthroplasty,knee osteoarthritis,knee joint,femoral component,tibia component;中文检索词：有限元分析,全膝关节置换术,单髁置换术,膝关节翻修术,膝关节,股骨假体,胫骨假体,最终共纳入53篇文献进行综述。结果与结论：(1)在全膝关节置换过程中,活动平台较固定平台降低了胫股关节接触面应力,从而减少了聚乙烯垫片的磨损;相对于机...     

旋转铰链型人工膝关节假体的临床应用

目的：探讨旋转铰链型人工膝关节临床应用的近期疗效。方法：2003年2月～2012年4月,应用旋转铰链型人工膝关节假体进行全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节严重畸形和不稳定23例膝。其中骨性关节炎15例,类风湿性关节炎6例,左股骨骨折术后创伤性关节炎l例,左胫骨平台骨折术后创伤性关节炎合并前交叉韧带、内侧半月板损伤及内侧侧副韧带断裂l例。术前HSS（hospital for special surgery）评分36～58分,平均48．6分;术前膝关节屈曲活动度21°～80°,平均57.4°。结果：术后患者均获随访6个月～3年,平均23．6个月。无下肢静脉血栓形成、无腓总神经麻痹等并发症发生。23例患者随访时,HSS评分78～98分,平均91．1分,较术前平均增加45．5分,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后2周,膝关节屈曲活动度为75°～100°,平均85．2°,最后随访时膝关节屈曲活动度为85°～120°,平均108．3°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换术近期疗效肯定,远期疗效尚待进一步随访。     

全膝关节置换在膝关节重建中的应用及技术要求

早在19世纪人们就期望通过置换膝关节表面来改善膝关节的功能。1860年,Verneuil开始用软组织包裹充当关节面,其结果不令人满意,但为人们修复损坏的关节面,提供了思路。受到髋关节成功置换的影响,Gunston设计了第一个骨水泥固定膝关节假体,但膝关节真正成熟还是在1970年后,     

The Medial Rotation Knee replacement: Clinical and radiological results of a multi-centre surveillance study at five years

BackgroundThe Medial Rotation Knee (MRK) has one of the lowest revision rates of total knee replacement designs in the National Joint Registry. While survival is one metric of performance of implants, patient-reported outcomes, combined with clinical and radiological evaluation, allow more complete analysis. We report the five-year results of a prospective, multi-centre surveillance study of the MRK.MethodsA 16-surgeon, three-centre series of 520 total knee replacements were performed in 486 patients, comprising 182 males and 304 females. The mean age was 70.3 years (46–96) and BMI 29.5 kg/m² (18–57). Study subjects were given questionnaires pre-operatively, at six months, and annually thereafter. Clinical and radiological reviews were scheduled pre-operatively, at six months, three and five years.ResultsAt five years, 395 of the original 486 patients (427 of 520 knees) remained under active review. Twenty-six patients (27 knees) had withdrawn, 44 patients/knees had died and one was excluded. Thirteen patients (14 knees) were lost to follow-up, but were not revised. Seven knees were revised, equating to a survival probability of 98.6% at five years. There were significant improvements in mean Oxford Knee Score (21.23–35.79), EQ-5D (0.440–0.694) and Knee Society Score (Knee 43.00–83.97; Function 49.45–71.39). Of the radiographs available for evaluation, radiolucency was identified in 25 knees (14.6%) with one case of osteolysis of the tibial component.ConclusionIn addition to excellent survivorship, mid-term patient-reported, clinical and radiological results at five years are satisfactory, and consistent with other medial pivot designs.     

Computer- and Robot-Assisted Total Knee Replacement: Analysis of a New Surgical Procedure

This paper describes a nonstandard procedure for total knee replacement (TKR), based on the use of modern tools such as computers, electronic sensors, and robots, to achieve accurate and optimal implant results. The intervention is planned on a standard PC connected to the CT scanner. Dedicated software shows the surgeon limb alignment and knee status and assists in the choice of the best prosthesis. The intervention is then performed with a new device and surgical procedure. At first the femur and the tibia are fixed to the operating table with a special clamp and the knee bones are exposed with the standard technique; then the surgeon digitizes the shape of the joint and the computer transfers the planned surgical strategy to a dedicated surgical robot. Resections are performed by the surgeon on a constrained guide held by the robot. In this paper we summarize the main results on the system performances, and discuss the clinical implications of this new technology in the operating room. Preliminary experiments on cadavers and volunteers show that this methodology can improve the accuracy of the implant to 2.5 mm and 2°, reduce operating time and surgical errors, and may represent a challenging alternative methodology for TKR. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 0707Tw, 8780-y     

膝关节表面置换术治疗重度膝关节骨关节病近期疗效及影响因素分析

目的：探讨人工膝关节表面置换术治疗重度膝关节骨关节病的近期临床疗效及相关影响因素。方法：自2011年1月至2011年11月,采用人工膝关节表面置换术治疗膝关节重度骨关节病18例24膝,其中类风湿关节炎5例、晚期膝关节退变性骨关节炎12例和创伤性骨关节炎1例;18例中,PS型固定平台假体14例,CR型旋转平台假体4例。术后早期行功能锻炼。应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行疗效分析。结果：本组18例24膝术后膝关节疼痛基本消失,关节功能明显改善。术后均获随访6—16个月。术后4个月膝关节HSS评分平均91．9分,其中优14膝、良8膝、可2膝,优良率91．7％。结论：膝关节表面置换是重度膝关节骨关节病患者解除病痛、改善关节功能的有效治疗手段;术中关节周围挛缩软组织能否得到充分松解、胫骨截骨是否恰当,术后功能锻炼是否规范等,均是影响手术疗效的重要因素。     

连续股神经阻滞对全膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期康复的影响

目的评估全膝关节置换术后硬膜外镇痛和连续股神经阻滞镇痛的效果及对患膝关节功能恢复的影响。方法40例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级拟行单侧全膝关节置换术的患者被随机分为两组,每组20人。第1组（CFB）采用全麻加股神经阻滞,第2组（EPI）采用全麻加硬膜外置管。两组均术后当天注射一次,术后每天早晚8点各注射一次,持续72 h,每次注入0.33%罗哌卡因30 ml。主要观察指标：术后4、8、12、24、48、72 h静止和运动时的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、术后疼痛分值、镇痛满意度、副作用及患肢膝关节术前/术后的活动度（ROM）。结果两组患者基线资料比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,具有可比性。术后两组在静息和运动时的疼痛直观可比较度（VAS）的分值、术后疼痛分值、镇痛满意度上无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。EPI组尿潴留发生率明显高于CFB组（P〈0.001）,而恶心、呕吐、搔痒、头痛发生率高于CFB组,但两组差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后两周时CFB组患者膝关节的主、被动活动度均比EPI组高,但只有被动活动度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,主动活动度差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论硬膜外镇痛和连续股神经阻滞都能充分缓解全膝关节置换术术后疼痛,能够加大患膝近期的活动度。但连续股神经阻滞副作用少,更利于患膝关节术后的功能恢复,值得推荐。