Management of Morel-Lavallee Lesion Associated with Pelvic and/or Acetabular Fractures

Objective  Management of Morel-Lavallee soft tissue lesion (MLL) in patients with associated pelvic and/or acetabular fractures is still under discussion. Especially, the sequence of treatment of MLL soft tissue management and osteosynthesis of pelvic and acetabular injury remains controversial. Methods  We report all consecutive patients with MLL associated with pelvic ring and/or acetabular fractures during an 8-year period at our hospital. Surgical access and techniques were analyzed concerning complications and outcome. Results  Altogether, 20 patients were included in the study. One patient was treated conservatively and MLL healed without complications; 19 patients had an operative treatment of MLL. In 15 patients debridement was performed within one day after injury and in four patients with delay of 5 days at least. Ten patients had surgery for an associated pelvic ring or acetabular fracture. In four of them MLL was operated before, in six patients simultaneously to osteosynthesis. In three patients, the same surgical approach for osteosynthesis and debridement of MLL was used; none of them showed postoperative complications. Altogether, in nine operated patients (47.4%) MLL healed without any complications. Nine operated patients presented prolonged wound healing, however, during long term follow-up, all patients showed complete healing of the MLL. One patient died during resuscitive surgical procedures. Conclusions  We recommend debridement for early and delayed treatment of MLL. Osteosynthesis during first debridement may be performed without adverse outcome. Identical surgical access for both procedures can be used. In case of repeated surgical debridement VAC^? therapy may be a helpful tool for dead space reduction and wound conditioning.     

3D打印技术辅助陈旧性骨盆髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨3D打印技术在手术治疗陈旧性骨盆髋臼骨折中的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2022年2月使用3D打印技术辅助治疗的13例陈旧性骨盆髋臼骨折病人的临床资料,其中男9例、女4例。术前应用3D打印技术,按1∶1比例制作病人全骨盆模型,根据模型进行术前决策,模拟骨折复位、截骨、减压,指导术前选择及预弯内固定物。记录手术时间、出血量及术后复位效果。术后复位质量根据Matta评分标准进行评估。末次随访时,采用Merle D''Aubigne和Postel评分、Majeed评分评估疗效。结果 13例病人均顺利完成手术,手术时间为（194.38±79.82） min,术中出血量为（534.62±268.46） mL。按Matta标准,骨折复位优3例,良7例,优良率为76.92%。所有病人均获得随访,按照Merle D''Aubigne和Postel评分标准,髋关节功能优1例,良2例,优良率为75%,Majeed评分为（93.00±4.37）分。结论 3D打印技术辅助治疗陈旧性骨盆髋臼骨折,有助于了解骨折形态、制定合理的手术方案、提高内固定物植入的精度、减少手术时间及术中出血量。     

Management and Outcomes of Bilateral Acetabular Fractures: A Critical Review of the Literature

BackgroundBilateral acetabular fractures constitute a rare entity, and their optimal management is unknown.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library between 1995 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies presenting cases of bilateral acetabular fractures and reporting outcomes. Extracted data included patient demographics, injury mechanism, fracture classification, associated injuries, management and outcomes.ResultsThirty-seven studies (47 cases; 35 males vs 12 females) were included. Mean age was 46 years old (range 13–84) and mean follow-up was 19.8 months (range 1.5–56). High-energy injuries (49%) and seizures (45%) were the most common injury mechanisms. Fracture type distribution differed according to injury mechanism. Treatment was surgical in 70% of cases (75% open reduction and internal fixation vs 25% acute total hip arthroplasty). Outcomes were excellent/good in 58% of patients. Complications included heterotopic ossification (11%), nerve injury (11%), degenerative arthritis (6%), DVT (6%), and infection (3%).ConclusionsBilateral acetabular fractures most commonly occur either after trauma or seizures and are commonly managed operatively. They are not devoid of complications, however, more than half (58%) achieve complete functional recovery.     

苦碟子预防老年骨盆髋臼骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床研究

目的:探讨苦碟子注射液联合低分子肝素预防老年骨盆及髋臼骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓(LEDVT) 形成的效果及机制。方法:选取2018 年1 月—2019 年1 月老年骨盆髋臼骨折患者共100 例,采用随机数字法分为对照组(n =50)及观察组(n =50)。在常规治疗基础上,对照组术后给予低分子肝素治疗,观察组术后给予低分子肝素联合苦碟子注射液治疗。治疗后,比较两组患者LEDVT 发生率、患肢肿胀程度、疼痛程度、血液流变学指标、炎性因子水平、凝血功能及不良反应发生情况。结果:术后30 天内,LEDVT 发生率观察组为6%,低于对照组的20%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。术后7 天,与对照组比,观察组血液流变学指标及炎性因子显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。患肢肿胀、疼痛程度观察组较对照组明显减轻,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组与对照组凝血功能差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。观察组与对照组不良反应发生率分别为6% 和4%,差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论:苦碟子注射液联合低分子肝素能够有效预防老年骨盆髋臼骨折术后LEDVT 的发生,显著改善患者血液流变学指标,减轻机体炎症反应,减轻患者患肢肿胀、疼痛程度,且不良反应轻微,临床上值得推广应用。     

Acetabular Distraction Technique for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Discontinuities: Excellent Short-Term Implant Survivorship and Good Clinical Outcomes

BackgroundPelvic discontinuity is a challenging complication in revision total hip arthroplasty. One technique that has garnered enthusiasm with limited data is acetabular distraction. Acetabular distraction provides stability via elastic recoil of the pelvis. The aim of this study is to report implant survivorship, radiographic results, clinical outcomes, and complications in the largest independent series of discontinuities treated with acetabular distraction.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all revision total hip arthroplasties with a pelvic discontinuity between 2005 and 2017. Of the 162 patients, 31 were treated with distraction. Mean age was 67 years, with 71% female. Mean body mass index was 28 kg/m², and mean follow-up was 3 years.ResultsThe 2-year survivorship free from revision for aseptic loosening, re-revision for any reason, and reoperation were 97%, 93%, and 87%, respectively. There were 3 re-revisions including 1 for aseptic loosening, 1 conversion to a dual mobility for instability, and 1 two-stage exchange for infection. At last follow-up, 3 acetabular components did not have evidence of osteointegration. Only patients with osteointegration to both the ilium and ischium had evidence of a healed discontinuity. The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 43 preoperatively to 77 postoperatively (P < .0001). The most common complication was a partial sciatic nerve palsy that occurred in 4 patients.ConclusionIn this series utilizing pelvic distraction, there was excellent 2-year survivorship free from revision for aseptic loosening. Despite several discontinuities persisting, 90% of patients had radiographic evidence of implant osteointegration, and clinical outcomes improved significantly. The most common complication was a partial sciatic nerve palsy.Level of EvidenceIV Case Series.     

Secular Trends in Osteoporotic Pelvic Fractures in Finland: Number and Incidence of Fractures in 1970–1991 and Prediction for the Future

To improve the knowledge of the current trends in the number and incidence of osteoporosis-related pelvic fractures, patients who were admitted to Finnish hospitals in 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1988, and 1991 for primary treatment of first osteoporotic pelvic fracture were selected from the National Hospital Discharge Register. The overall incidence (per 100,000 inhabitants) of osteoporosis-related pelvic fractures (high energy traumas were excluded) in a population aged 60 years or more was 20 in 1970 and 63 in 1991. The increase was most pronounced in the older age groups (patients aged 80 years or more) and was observed in both sexes. The proportion of these osteoporotic pelvic fractures of all pelvic fractures increased from 18% in 1970 to 52% in 1991. Similarly, the proportion of patients over 60 years of age increased from 28% in 1970 to 62% in 1991. In 1991, 78% of the patients with an osteoporotic pelvic fracture were women. Across the study period, the age-adjusted total incidence of osteoporotic pelvic fractures also increased in both women and men 60 years of age and over. The proportional increase was more pronounced in men. We conclude that the number of osteoporotic pelvic fractures in Finland is increasing more rapidly than can be accounted for by the demographic changes only and that effective preventive measures are urgently needed to control the increasing number of these age-related fractures.     

Clinical Outcomes of the Modified Stoppa Combined with Iliac Fossa Approach for Complex Acetabular Fractures: A Medium‐ and Long‐term Retrospective Study

ObjectiveThe modified Stoppa combined with iliac fossa approach has gained increasing popularity. Although early clinical outcomes have been satisfactory, extensive long‐term clinical outcomes are relatively scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the medium‐ and long‐term outcomes of this approach for complex acetabular fractures.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving 57 patients with complex acetabular fractures from January 2009 to January 2016. All fractures were treated with the modified Stoppa combined with iliac fossa approach. Follow‐up was at least 5 years. Primary outcome measures, including quality of reduction and clinical outcomes, were recorded by an independent observer. Secondary outcome measures included time to surgery, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and perioperative complications.ResultsFifty‐seven patients (range, 18–80 years) included 46 males and 11 females. There were 32 cases on the left side and 25 cases on the right side. The most common associated injury was pulmonary contusion. According to the Judet–Letournel classification, there were 27 both‐column fractures, 16 anterior column with posterior hemitransverse fractures and 14 T‐type fractures. The average time from injury to surgery was 7.3 days. The average intraoperative blood loss and transfusion were 750.9 ml and 564.3 ml, respectively. All fractures healed within 6 months after surgery. The average follow‐up time was 7.7 years, and there was no loss of follow‐up. The quality of reduction was graded as anatomical in 23 cases (40.4%), imperfect in 22 cases (38.6%), and poor in 12 cases (21.0%). According to grading system of Merle d’ Aubigne and Postel, clinical outcomes at 1 year follow‐up were excellent in 17 cases (29.8%), good in 25 cases (43.9%), fair in four cases (7.0%), and poor in 11 cases (19.3%). The excellent and good rate was 73.7% and the difference was not statistically significant compared with the clinical outcomes at the last follow‐up. Intraoperative complications included four cases of obturator nerve injury and two cases of vascular injury. Postoperative complications included one case of wound delayed healing, two cases of deep vein thrombosis, two cases of avascular necrosis of femoral head, three cases of heterotopic ossification and five cases of post‐traumatic arthritis. Only one of these patients underwent reoperation for femoral head necrosis.ConclusionsThe modified Stoppa combined with iliac fossa approach can achieve satisfactory reduction quality and hip function. It might be a valuable alternative to the ilioinguinal approach for the surgical management of acetabular fractures.     

Internal Fixation Versus Endoprosthesis in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly: A Prospective Analysis of the Comparative Costs and the Consumption of Hospital Resources

The consumption of hospital resources and the costs involved in treating femoral neck fractures in the elderly were studied and a comparison was made between internal fixation (von Bahr screws) and primary prosthetic replacement (Christiansen's endoprosthesis). the 1-year results of screw fixation were excellent or good in 55 per cent of the patients, fair in 17 per cent and poor in 28 per cent, compared with 79 per cent excellent or good results, 13 per cent fair and 8 per cent poor results in the prosthetic group. As regards the initial stay in hospital, prosthetic replacement was found to be associated with 2.4 times higher costs. This difference was reduced, however, by a more expensive follow-up and more frequent readmissions and reoperations in the internal fixation group. Considering the total costs, prosthetic replacement was found to be 1.6 times more expensive than internal fixation.     

The Uptake of New Knee Replacement Implants in the UK: Analysis of the National Joint Registry for England and Wales

BackgroundKnee replacement (KR) surgery is one of the most common elective procedures in the UK. A large number of different KR implant brands are in use in the UK, which may contribute to variation in uptake and patient outcomes.MethodsA cohort of 722,178 primary KRs performed for osteoarthritis (with or without other indications) by 2675 consultant surgeons between 2008 and 2017 in England and Wales from the National Joint Registry was examined. We described the uptake of new (first use >2008) KR implant brands, and variation in uptake by consultant surgeons (primary objectives). We explored consultant-level/patient-level factors associated with use/receipt of new implant brands with multilevel logistic regression models (secondary objectives).ResultsSixty-five new KR implant brands were used in 22,134 KRs (3.1%) by 759 consultants (28.4%) between 2008 and 2017. Consultants used a median of 1 new brand (interquartile range = 1-2, max = 8) in 4.1% (interquartile range = 1.1%-12.3%) of their KRs. Younger patients (<55 vs 55-80, odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54-1.72) and women (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.13-1.22) had higher odds of receiving a new rather than established brand. Consultants who used more different implant brands had higher odds of using new brands (OR/additional implant/year = 2.57, 95% CI = 2.37-2.79).ConclusionA large number of new KR implant brands have been introduced in the National Joint Registry since 2008. A quarter of consultants have tried a new implant brand but have used them in only a small proportion of primary KRs in this period. Younger, healthier patients are more likely to receive new implant brands, and they are more likely to be used by surgeons who use many different implant brands.     

弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折的美学效果

目的 探究弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折的美学效果。方法 选取2019年1月-2022年 12月于本院接受治疗的30例儿童尺桡骨骨折患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组, 每组15例。对照组采取切开复位后钢板内固定治疗,观察组采取弹性髓内钉内固定治疗,比较两组临床 疗效、临床相关指标、美学效果及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为100.00%,高于对照组 的73.33%（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗满意度评分高于对照组,手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、骨性 愈合时间均短于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组第4、6、10周X线评分均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组并 发症发生率为6.67%,低于对照组的53.33%（P＜0.05）。结论 对小儿尺桡骨骨折患儿采取弹性髓内钉内 固定进行治疗,可提高临床疗效,促进愈合,有利于提升美学效果,且并发症发生几率较低,满意度较 高,值得临床应用。     

Ceramic Bearings Are Associated With a Significantly Reduced Revision Rate in Primary Hip Arthroplasty: An Analysis From the National Joint Registry for England,Wales, Northern Ireland,and the Isle of Man

BackgroundProsthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication. Studies have suggested reduction in PJI with the use of ceramic bearings.MethodsAdult patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) using an uncemented acetabular component with ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC), ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP), or metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) bearing surfaces between 2002 and 2016 were extracted from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man. A competing risk regression model to investigate predictors of each revision outcome was used. Time-to-event was determined by duration of implantation since primary surgery with competing risks being death or revision. The results were adjusted for age, gender, American Association of Anaesthesiologists grade, body mass index, surgical indication, intraoperative complications, and implant data.ResultsIn total, 456,457 THAs (228,786 MoP, 128,403 CoC, and 99,268 CoP) were identified. Multivariable modeling showed that the risk of revision for PJI was significantly lower with CoC (risk ratio 0.748, P < .001) and CoP (risk ratio 0.775, P < .001) compared to MoP. Significant reduction in risk of aseptic and all-cause revision was also seen. The significant protective effect of ceramic bearing was predominantly seen 2 years after implantation. Aseptic revision beyond 2 years reduced by 18.1% and 24.8% for CoC and CoP (P < .001), respectively. All-cause revision rate beyond 2 years reduced by 21.6% for CoC and 27.1% for CoP (P < .001)ConclusionThis study demonstrates an association between the use of ceramic as part of the bearing, with lower rates of revision for all causes, revision for infection, and revision for aseptic causes, supporting ceramic bearings in THA.     

知信行理论模式用于急诊科护士的患者自杀风险培训

目的探讨知信行理论模式用于急诊科护士患者自杀风险培训的效果。方法组建自杀风险教育多学科团队,采用知信行理论模式对143名急诊科护士进行为期3个月的患者自杀风险培训,比较培训前后护士的自杀态度和自杀护理行为。结果培训后,急诊科护士自杀态度总分及3个维度得分显著低于培训前,自杀护理行为得分显著高于培训前(P0.05,P0.01)。结论知信行理论模式用于急诊科护士患者自杀风险培训可有效改善护士对自杀的态度,规范其患者自杀护理行为。     

Assessment of three year experience of a strategy for patient selection and timing of operation in the management of acute thoracic and lumbar spine fractures: a prospective study

Summary Background. The purpose of this article is to report experience gained over three years of the use of a protocol for patient selection and timing of operation for acute thoracic and lumbar fractures. Method. At admission, all patients underwent neurological and imaging exams. All patients with a spinal cord lesion scored as ASIA A at any level inferior to T10 and as ASIA B, C or D at any level, were categorized as emergency and operated on within eight hours from trauma. ASIA A cases in the T1–T10 tract and ASIA E cases at any level were treated in the ordinary operative work schedule. Findings. Ninety-four patients with surgically treated lumbar or thoracic fractures took part in this study. On the imaging studies, 12 patients were classified as A, 50 as B and 32 as C following the AO classification. At the neurological exam, 39 patients were scored as ASIA A, nine as B, six as C, two as D and 38 as E. At follow-up, of the 39 patients scored as ASIA A, 13 (33%) improved at least one grade and of the 17 scored as ASIA B, C or D, 11 (64.7%) improved. None of the 38 patients scored as ASIA E deteriorated. Conclusions. The findings show that the strategy in the protocol was safe and followed by satisfactory rates of neurological outcome. Larger prospective studies, preferably randomized, are needed to establish definitively its place in the management of patients with spinal injury.     

Multi-Institutional Review From the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium of Minor Spinal Cord Dysraphism in the Setting of Anorectal Malformations: Diagnosis,Treatment, and Outcomes

Background/rationaleAnorectal malformations (ARM) are associated with congenital anomalies of the spine, but the impact of a minor spinal cord dysraphism (mSCD) on fecal continence in the setting of ARM remains unclear.Materials/methodsA retrospective review was performed utilizing data from the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium (PCPLC) registry. The patient cohort was reviewed for ARM type, mSCD screening/incidence/neurosurgical intervention and age-based BMP utilization.Results987 patients with ARM were categorized into mild (38%), moderate (32%) or complex (19%). 694 (70%) had normal spinal (NS) status. 271 (27.5%) patients had mSCD. MRI alone (49%) was the most common screening test for mSCD. US screening had a positive predictive value of 86.3% and a negative predictive value of 67.1%. Surgical intervention rates for mSCD ranged between 13% and 77% at a median age of 0.6–5.2 years. 726 (73.6%) patients were prescribed BMP (74.4% NS, 77.5% mSCD). Laxatives were most utilized BMP in all groups <5yo. ≥5yo, enema utilization increased with ARM complexity independent of spine status (with or without neurosurgical intervention). Neurosurgical intervention did not affect BMP utilization at any age or with any ARM when mSCD was identified.ConclusionsMSCD influence on bowel function in the setting ARM remains unclear. No significant impact of mSCD was noted on ARM patient bowel management program utilization. Variability exists within PCPLC site with screening and intervention for mSCD in patients with ARM. Future studies with standardized care may be needed to elucidate the true impact of mSCD on long term patient outcomes in ARM patients.Type of StudyRetrospective Comparative Study.Level of evidenceIII.