3D打印技术辅助肩胛骨改良Judet入路手术治疗肩胛骨骨折的疗效

目的探讨3D打印技术辅助肩胛骨改良Judet入路手术治疗肩胛骨骨折的疗效。 方法前瞻性收集2016年10月到2020年6月广州医科大学附属顺德医院骨外科收治的63例肩胛骨骨折患者,年龄17~59岁,其中男性40例,女性23例,随机分成2组,对照组（30例行）改良Judet入路手术,研究组（33例）行3D打印技术辅助下的改良Judet入路手术,比较两组围术期一般指标、术后肩关节功能恢复及并发症发生情况。 结果研究组手术时间[（96±16）min]、术中出血量[（263±19）mL]及术中透视次数[（4.2±0.9）次]均明显小于对照组[（145±24）min、（342±35）mL、（8.5±2.1）次]（P<0.001）;两组患者复查X线片提示骨折均愈合,两组骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义[（7.9±1.8）vs（8.6±2.0）个月]（P>0.05）;研究组肩关节功能优良率为81.82%,明显高于对照组（66.67%）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组术后并发症发生情况无明显差异（P>0.05）。 结论3D打印技术辅助改良Judet入路手术治疗肩胛骨骨折可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,降低医患射线暴露风险,提升术后肩关节功能效果。     

双入路双重建钛板内固定治疗不稳定型肩胛颈骨折

目的 探讨双入路切开复位双重建钛板内固定治疗不稳定型肩胛颈骨折的近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年9月至2010年9月采用双入路切开复位内固定治疗并获完整随访的13例肩胛颈骨折患者资料,男10例,女3例;年龄19 ～52岁,平均35.3岁.按Euler等分型方法将肩胛颈骨折分为:解剖颈骨折3例,外科颈骨折10例(A型7例,B型3例).所有患者均使用3.5 mm重建钛板和螺钉固定.通过肩胛骨前位X线片测量肩胛盂成角和盂极角(GPA).末次随访时根据Constant-Murley评分和Herscovici功能评分评定肩关节功能. 结果 13例患者术后获6～ 37个月(平均16.2个月)随访.骨折复位质量:解剖复位11例,接近解剖复位2例.术后7～9d切口均一期愈合.术后平均肩胛盂成角(27.1°)与GPA(36.2°)均较术前(55.1°、17.1°)有所改善.骨折临床愈合时间为6～12周,平均8周.末次随访时Constant-Murley评分平均为79.6分(54 ～ 95分),其中优9例,良3例,差1例;Herscovici功能评分平均为14.7分(12～16分):优8例,良2例,可2例,差1例.无肩胛上动脉神经损伤、感染、血肿形成等并发症发生. 结论 双入路切开复位双重建钛板内固定治疗不稳定型肩胛颈骨折可达到解剖复位、稳定内固定和满意的近期疗效.     

Focussed classification of scapula fractures: Failure of the lateral scapula suspension system

Introduction

Following an increase in the incidence of scapular fractures and interest in the outcome of their treatment, a basic classification system was developed for ease of use in the emergency setting. It has been expanded to a comprehensive system to allow for more in-depth classification of scapular fractures for clinical research and surgical decision making. It focusses on three specific regions of the scapula: the scapular body, the glenoid fossa and the lateral scapular suspension system (LSSS). This article presents a classification of the LSSS involvement to better characterise the injuries of this region and to emphasise its relevance to evaluation of the position of the scapula, hence the glenoid fossa, and so the centre of rotation of the shoulder joint.

Methods

An iterative consensus and evaluation process comprising an international group of seven experienced shoulder specialist and orthopaedic trauma surgeons was used to specify and evaluate the failure of the LSSS associated with scapula fractures. This was supported by a series of agreement studies. The system considered lack of involvement (S0), incomplete (S1) and complete (S2) failure of the LSSS. The last evaluation was conducted on a consecutive collection of 120 scapula fractures documented by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) reconstruction videos.

Results

Surgeons agreed on the involvement/failure of the LSSS in 47% of the 120 cases with an overall Kappa of 0.54. The sample most likely included 70 S0, 29 S1 and 21 S2 cases, where surgeons showed median classification accuracies of 93%, 71% and 80% for these categories, respectively. While two surgeons showed some uncertainty about their classification, the remaining surgeons only failed to identify LSSS failure in <20% of the cases. Kappa coefficients of reliability for classification of incomplete and complete LSSS involvement according to subcategories were 0.85 and 0.82, respectively.

Conclusion

While LSSS involvement can be reliably identified, its characterisation regarding complexity is problematic even with 3D CT images. The proposed LSSS system is considered clinically relevant and sufficient to further assess its role in treatment-decision processes and outcome prognosis.     

经股骨大粗隆后方骨折块入路行人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的比较采用传统后外侧入路和经股骨大粗隆后方骨折块入路2种入路方式行人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法笔者自2010-02—2014-02采用人工股骨头置换术治疗111例老年股骨粗隆间骨折,26例伴有股骨大粗隆后方骨折块均采用经股骨大粗隆后方骨折块入路行人工股骨头置换术,并将骨折块用克氏针张力带固定(A组);其余85例均采用传统的后外侧入路行工股骨头置换术(B组)。观察比较2组切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、输血率、住院时间、股骨头脱位率等。结果 2组均获得随访平均12(11~13)个月,2组在切口长度、手术时间、输血率、住院时间方面比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组在术中出血量、术后引流量方面均明显低于B组,术后3、6个月髋关节功能Harris评分明显高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后股骨头脱位率低于B组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经股骨大粗隆后方骨折块入路行人工股骨头置换术不切断外旋肌群,不切除关节囊,术后髋关节稳定性好,远近期髋关节功能恢复良好,术后并发症发生率低,对于合并后方骨折块的股骨粗隆间骨折行人工股骨头置换是一种较为理想的入路。     

胫骨平台后侧骨折新型手术径路解剖学研究

目的 分析膝关节后内倒"L"形径路在胫骨平台后侧应力骨折治疗中的有效性和安全性.方法 新鲜成人尸体标本4具,左右膝共8侧,均行膝关节后内侧倒"L"形径路解剖.解剖过程中测量重要解剖结构参数.结果 膝关节后内侧倒"L"形径路内的重要血管、神经结构少,主要有腓肠内侧动静脉及腓肠肌内侧头肌支、膝下内侧动脉.腓肠内侧动脉发出部位位于关节面近侧距关节面平均45.29 mm处,平均长度为36.28 mm;膝下内侧动脉发出部位距关节平均距离为10.12 mm.经单一后内侧倒"L"形径路即可以显露胫骨近端后侧结构,包括:胫骨后内侧髁、后外侧髁、后交叉韧带止点等.结论 经解剖学证实胫骨平台后内侧倒"L"形径路具有损伤小、安全性高、解剖简单、暴露直接的优点,是治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折及累及胫骨近端后侧损伤的有效径路.     

Limited posterior approach for internal fixation of a glenoid fracture

We present the case of a patient who was treated by open reduction and internal fixation for a displaced glenoid fracture using a limited posterior approach.No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. No funds were received in support of this study.     

The anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach for plating posterolateral tibial plateau fractures: A novel surgical technique

ObjectiveThe posterolateral (PL) tibial plateau quadrant is laterally covered by the fibular head and posteriorly covered by a mass of muscle ligament and important neurovascular structures. There are several limitations in exposing and fixing the PL tibial plateau fractures using a posterior approach. The aim of this study is to present a novel anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach for plating PL tibial plateau fractures.MethodsFive fresh and ten preserved knee specimens were dissected to measure the following parameters:1) the vertical distance from the apex of the fibular head to the lateral plateau surface, 2) the transverse distance between the PL platform and fibula collateral ligament (FCL), and 3) the tension of the FCL in different knee flexion positions. Clinically, isolated PL quadrant tibial plateau fractures were treated via an anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach and lateral rafting plate fixation. The outcome of the patients was assessed after a short to medium follow-up period.ResultsThe distance from the apex of the fibular head to the lateral condylar surface was 12.2 ± 1.6 mm on average. With the knee extended and the FCL tensioned, the transverse distance between the PL platform and the FCL was 6.7 ± 1.1 mm. With the knee flexed to 60° and the FCL was in the most relaxed position, the distance increased to 21.1 ± 3.0 mm. Clinically, a series of 7 cases of PL tibial plateau fractures were treated via this anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach. The patient was placed in a lateral decubitus position with the knee flexed to approximately 60 degrees. After the posterior retraction of the FCL, the plate was placed more posteriorly to provide a raft or horizontal belt fixation of the PL tibial plateau fragment. After an average of 14.3 months of follow up, the knee range of motion(ROM) was 121.4°±8.8° (range: 105°-135°), the HSS score was 96.7 ± 2.6 (range: 90-100), and the SMFA dysfunction score was 22.4 ± 3.8 (range: 16-28) points.ConclusionThe anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach can provide direct visualization of the posterolateral tibial plateau quadrant and put the plate more posteriorly to provide a raft for the fragments such that good clinical outcomes can be anticipated.     

经腹直肌外侧入路钢板结合后柱拉力螺钉内固定治疗髋臼前后柱骨折

目的探讨经腹直肌外侧切口入路钢板结合后柱拉力螺钉内固定治疗髋臼前后柱骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011-03—2015-10采用经腹直肌外侧切口入路前柱钢板加后柱顺行拉力螺钉内固定治疗髋臼前后柱骨折48例的临床资料,术后根据改良的Merle D'Aubigne和Postel评价标准评价患侧髋关节功能。结果本组48例均为单一经腹直肌外侧切口入路完成手术,手术时间45~150 min,平均85 min;术中出血180~1 200 ml,平均330 ml;所有患者均获得随访10~24个月,骨折均愈合,髋臼前后柱骨折均复位良好,髋臼后柱拉力螺钉位置理想。复位标准按照Matta标准进行评估:优34例,良8例,可6例,优良率87.5%。2例出现腹壁伤口皮下脂肪液化,经换药后愈合。末次随访疗效根据改良的Merle D'Aubigne和Postel评分系统评定:优30例,良10例,可8例,优良率83.3%。结论经腹直肌外侧切口入路能从骨盆内侧面充分显露髋臼前柱、四方体及后柱,并直视下复位髋臼前后柱骨折,前柱钢板+后柱顺行拉力螺钉固定能达到稳定的固定效果。     

肩胛骨外固定带固定治疗肩胛骨粉碎性骨折21例

<正>肩胛骨骨折,尤其是粉碎性骨折,在临床上多见,因其形状不规则、骨质菲薄,手术治疗困难,具有出血多、内固定困难的弊端,而且患者的经济负担重,传统的外固定方法效果多不理想,为创伤骨科治疗上的难题之一。2002年1月至2008年12月利用肩胛骨外固定带治疗肩胛骨粉碎骨折21例,现报     

The posterior approach to pelvic ring injuries: A technique for minimizing soft tissue complications

Surgical techniques and fixation strategies for the treatment of unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries continue to evolve. The safety of the posterior surgical approach in particular has been questioned due to historically high rates of wound related complications. More contemporary studies have shown lower infection rates, however concern still persists. These concerns for infection and wound necrosis have led, in part, to increased interest in closed reduction and percutaneous fixation for treatment of these injuries but an open posterior approach remains the optimal strategy in some injury patterns. We describe herein a modified posterior approach to the pelvis designed to minimize wound related complications and present our clinical results demonstrating wound complication rates consistent with contemporary publications.     

The two-portal approach for internal fixation of scapular fractures

Objectives  

Wide approach to the posterior aspect of the scapula for internal fixation of unstable fractures of neck of scapula and glenoid.     

改良后内侧倒L形入路在胫骨平台后柱骨折手术中的应用

目的探讨经膝关节后侧改良倒L形入路手术治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折的效果。方法自2014-03—2015-03诊治因外伤致胫骨平台后柱骨折15例,骨折按Schatzker分型:Ⅱ型4例,Ⅴ型8例,Ⅵ型3例,按照三柱分型均为三柱损伤。采用改良倒L形入路直视下复位后外侧关节面,植骨排钉固定后外侧粉碎塌陷关节面。结果本组均获随访平均12.1(8~13)个月,术后均恢复下肢力线和关节面高度。骨折愈合时间平均为7.6(6~9)个月,无神经血管损伤、内固定失效、关节僵硬和骨性关节炎等并发症发生。术后6个月膝关节屈伸活动度为5°~130°,膝关节HSS评分平均92.1(72~91)分。结论对于后外侧胫骨平台骨折关节面粉碎伴塌陷的患者,采用改良入路能直视复位关节面和植骨放置排钉钢板,达到对骨折完美支撑。     

Acute traumatic quadrilateral space syndrome following scapula fracture

The acute tunnel syndrome of the quadrilateral space of Velpeau is a very rare entity in which the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery experience brutal compression in shoulder injuries. We report the case of a burst fracture of the right scapula with great displacement of the lateral border occasioning a total isolated paralysis of the right axillary nerve by axillary nerve compression. The lateral scapula border fracture was reduced and stabilized with neurolysis of the axillary nerve through a posterior approach. The recovery of the axillary nerve occurred in ten weeks. Our case is original, not only because of the rarity of isolated axillary nerve injury follwing scapula fractures without shoulder dislocation, but also because the compression of the axillary nerve by bone impingement could be undiagnosed and comprise prognosis.     

肩胛骨骨折的诊断与治疗

肩胛骨骨折较少见,常继发于高能量创伤,90%的肩胛骨骨折患者常伴有其他危及生命的损伤,由于首诊时常注意一些严重损伤,肩胛骨骨折的诊断往往被遗漏。大多数肩胛骨骨折采用保守治疗即可获得满意的预后,但对于关节内及移位明显的骨折,目前多主张手术治疗以促进骨折愈合和提高功能恢复。本文就肩胛骨骨折的诊断和治疗作一综述。     

椎旁肌间隙入路与传统后入路在胸腰椎骨折后路手术中的比较

目的比较在胸腰椎骨折后路切开复位椎弓根螺钉内固定术中经椎旁肌间隙入路与传统后入路的疗效。方法 2007-12-2010-12收治无神经症状的胸腰段脊柱骨折患者76例,前瞻性地按入院顺序交替归入A组和B组,分别采用传统后入路和椎旁肌间隙入路,收集并比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后引流量,术后3 d、1个月及6个月的腰背部VAS疼痛评分,术前及术后3 d、6个月的患椎后凸Cobb角,术后6个月腰背痛JOA评分、切口并发症等临床指标。结果 B组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及置钉准确性上均明显优于A组(P<0.05),B组术后1个月及6个月腰背部VAS评分均低于A组(P<0.05),两组在术后3 d的腰背部VAS评分及术后6个月JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论椎旁肌间隙入路与传统后入路比较,具有手术操作简单、软组织损伤小、出血少、手术时间短、术后腰背痛缓解快等优势,对于胸腰椎骨折后路切开复位单纯椎弓根螺钉内固定术建议采用椎旁肌间隙入路。     

Hip hemiarthroplasty for senile femoral neck fractures: Minimally invasive SuperPath approach versus traditional posterior approach

BackgroundThe supercapsular percutaneously-assisted total hip (SuperPATH®) approach was created by combining the percutaneous preparation of the acetabulum using the percutaneously-assisted total hip (PATH), femoral reaming, and broaching of superior capsulotomy (SuperCap) approach. This technique reported a low complication rate, excellent gait kinematics, low transfusion rate, a shorter length of hospital stay, and a high proportion of discharge from the hospital. As minimally invasive SuperPath approach is designed for both trauma and end-stage degenerative joint disease, we investigated if this technique and standard surgical tools can replace artificial femoral head in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. We also tested if it has advantages over the traditional posterior approach.MethodsA prospective study was performed in 100 cases of eligible femoral neck fractures from May 01, 2015 to October 31, 2016. They were randomly divided into SuperPath and traditional group. The outcomes were evaluated using preoperative index, intraoperative data, and postoperative function data.ResultsNo significant difference was detected in the operation time between the two groups. Compared with the traditional group, SuperPath group had smaller incision length, less intraoperative bleeding, lower transfusion rate, and a shorter starting time of weight-bearing activity. Harris Hip Score, Barthel Index, and VAS for pain-level scores in the SuperPath group at 1-week follow-up intervals were significantly lower than the conventional group, but not significantly different at 3-month and 2-year follow-up post-operation.ConclusionsSuperPath approach for artificial femoral head replacement can reduce surgical injury due to smaller size of incision and accelerate weight-bearing activities post-operation to treat senile femoral neck fractures compared with traditional posterior approach surgeries.     

后内侧入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折

目的探讨后内侧入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折的临床疗效。方法对16例胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折患者采用经膝关节后内侧入路显露骨折,行T形钢板固定,对关节面塌陷者予以植骨。结果骨折获解剖复位12例,一般复位4例。16例均获随访,时间12～30个月。骨折于术后6～9个月达临床愈合。无神经、血管损伤,无内固定失效、关节僵硬、创伤性骨关节炎、畸形愈合等并发症发生。根据Merchant评分系统评定膝关节功能:优13例,良2例,可1例。结论采用后内侧入路治疗胫骨平台后髁冠状位骨折可在直视下复位关节面,固定牢靠,术后可早期行功能锻炼,并发症少,疗效满意。     

后路克氏针内固定治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折

正2008年1月~2014年12月,我科采用后路克氏针内固定治疗34例肱骨髁上骨折患儿,效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组34例,男21例,女13例,年龄6~12岁。均为闭合肱骨髁上骨折。伸直型23例,屈曲型11例。受伤至手术时间6~13 d。1.2治疗方法臂丛麻醉或静脉复合麻醉下手术。肘后侧切口,自鹰咀尖端远侧3~4 cm,于上臂中线向近侧延伸至鹰咀上8~10 cm,显露并整复骨折。由内、外上髁各钻入1枚克氏针,将骨折交叉固定。关闭切口并放置负压引流。     

前后联合入路配合移动窗技术治疗复杂髋臼骨折的疗效观察

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨髂腹股沟入路联合K-L入路配合移动窗技术治疗复杂型髋臼骨折的方法和疗效。方法〓对本院18例复杂型髋臼骨折患者采用髂腹股沟入路联合K-L入路配合移动窗技术行重建钢板手术内固定治疗。应用Matta法评定骨折复位情况,D’Aubigine法评定髋关节功能,Brooker法评价异位骨化的发生,同时观察并发症的发生率。结果〓解剖复位12例,满意复位6例,无不满意复位;关节功能优良率达94.4%;并发异位骨化1例(1级);术后并发创伤性关节炎1例,股骨头坏死1例。结论〓采用前后联合入路配合“移动窗”技术治疗复杂髋臼骨折可尽可能全面暴露术野,提高复位固定的效果,促进患者髋关节的稳定性提升和髋关节功能的改善,同时减少并发症发生。