Is there a role for staging laparoscopy in patients with locally advanced,unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

The study objective was to determine the incidence of laparoscopically detected metastasis in patients with radiographically staged locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer are considered candidates for novel treatment protocols. Stratification of patients into locally advanced disease versus metastatic disease is imperative to accurately evaluate treatment outcome. Between 1994 and 2000, 100 consecutive patients undergoing staging laparoscopy with radiologic evidence of unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer were identified from a prospective database. All patients had preoperative contrast-enhanced, thin-cut computed tomography scanning or magnetic resonance imaging and had no evidence of detectable metastatic disease. There were 53 men and 47 women, with a median age of 64 years. The disease site was the pancreatic head in 69 cases and the body or tail in 31. Radiographic assessment of nonresectability was due to encasement of the celiac or hepatic artery in 37 patients, of the portal vein and superior mesenteric vessels in 56, and extrapancreatic extension in 7. Laparoscopy identified metastatic disease in 37% of patients, not seen on preoperative imaging. Peritoneal disease was noted in 12 cases and liver metastasis in 18 cases, and 7 patients had both. Neither the primary tumor size nor location influenced the incidence of metastatic disease. Standard imaging modalities failed to detect metastatic disease in 37% of patients who were considered to have locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients considered for treatment protocols for locally unresectable pancreatic cancer should be staged laparoscopically before initiation of therapy. Presented at the Forty-Third Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Francisco, California, May 19–22, 2002.     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管切开取石的临床应用

目的 :总结腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管切开取石T管引流或一期缝合的临床经验。方法 :应用腹腔镜及纤维胆道镜技术治疗胆总管结石患者 ,行胆管切开取石 ,T管引流或一期缝合。结果 :78例胆总管结石 ,77例手术成功 ,1例中转开腹。 16例行胆道一期缝合 ,6 2例置T管胆道引流。全组胆漏 3例 ,无其它并发症 ,患者均获痊愈。结论 :腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管切开取石术治疗胆总管结石安全有效。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石77例临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石的可行性及临床体会。方法回顾性分析2011年12月~2013年12月77例在我院腹腔镜联合胆道镜下行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石+T管引流术的病人术中情况、术后临床恢复情况及疗效,对其手术成功率、手术时间、术中失血量、肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、术后胆漏例数及残石例数等指标进行分析。结果77例患者手术均获成功,无中转开腹,其中63例行T管引流,14例行胆总管一期缝合;手术时间75~170min;术中出血40~150ml;胃肠道功能恢复时间为1~3 d;住院时间4~14 d;术后胆漏1例;经腹腔引流治愈;术后胆道残石3例,术后经T管胆道镜下取尽结石。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石安全有效、可靠,损伤小,恢复快,但术者需要掌握熟练的操作技能。     

腹腔镜治疗输卵管远端粘连阻塞126例疗效评价

目的 :评价腹腔镜输卵管造口、粘连分解等手术治疗输卵管远端粘连阻塞性不孕的疗效。方法 :于电视腹腔镜下分离粘连 ,恢复解剖结构 ,并进行伞端成形术、袖口状造口术、圆韧带悬吊术及病灶清除术等综合治疗。结果 :输卵管远端造口 78例 ,行粘连分离等其它输卵管重建术 4 2例。合并子宫极度后倾后屈行双圆韧带悬吊 13例 ,多囊卵巢钻孔 9例 ,子宫内膜异位症病灶清除 6例 ,子宫小肌瘤剔除 5例 ,行输卵管系膜囊肿剔除术 2例。手术结束前腹腔镜下通液 ,双侧输卵管通 10 5例 ,单侧通 15例 ,双侧完全不通 6例。术后随访 2年 ,宫内妊娠率为 5 0 79% (6 4/ 12 6 ) ,宫外孕 6 35 % (8/ 12 6 )。造口术组的宫内妊娠率为5 0 79% (4/ 12 6 ) ,宫外孕 6 35 % (8/ 12 6 )。造口术组的宫内妊娠率 4 1 0 3% (32 / 78)低于粘连分离术组宫内妊娠率 76 19% (32 / 4 2 ) (P <0 0 1)。中重度粘连组的宫内妊娠率 4 3 6 2 % (41/ 94 )低于轻度粘连组的宫内妊娠率 71 88% (2 3/ 32 ) (P <0 0 1)。结论 :腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管远端粘连阻塞性不孕有效 ,但宫外孕的高发生率值得关注     

腹腔镜与开腹手术在胆总管结石二次胆道手术中临床疗效对比

目的比较腹腔镜取石术、开腹取石术在胆总管结石患者二次胆道手术中的临床疗效。 方法选取在2014年2月至2017年5月期间收治的50例胆总管结石复发患者,根据随机数字表法随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组各组25例。采用SPSS21.0统计学软件进行数据分析,术前术后计量资料以均数±标准差表示,采用独立t检验;术后24 h疼痛发生率和术后并发症用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。 结果术后,腹腔镜组手术出血量(P＝0.004)、胃肠道功能恢复时间(P＝0.021)、24 h疼痛发生率(P＝0.021)、住院时间(P＝0.007)均较开腹组显著降低;但腹腔镜组手术时间(P＝0.028)、患者总费用(P＝0.046)均显著高于开腹组;开腹组并发症发率明显高于腹腔镜组(36%比12%, P＝0.037)。两组患者临床有效率均为100%。 结论腹腔镜二次胆道手术与开腹取石术疗效相当,术后并发症发生率少,安全有效,值得临床推广。     

多镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜多镜联合在肝内外胆管结石治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2010年8月吉林大学白求恩第一医院收治的316例肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料.其中胆囊结石合并胆总管结石269例,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石伴肝内胆管结石10例,胆总管结石37例.对于胆总管直径≥10 mm或伴肝内胆管结石的患者行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)+胆道镜取石术;对于胆总管直径>5 mm且<10 mm、胆囊管直径<5 mm的患者行EST+LC或LC+EST;对于胆总管直径≤5 mm、胆囊管直径≥5 mm的患者行LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.结果 本组306例患者成功取石,取石成功率为96.8%(306/316).163例行LC+LCBDE+T管引流+胆道镜取石术,平均手术时间为93.6 min,平均住院时间为9.8 d,平均住院费用为2.8万元,5例患者术后出现并发症.54例患者行EST+LC,平均手术时间为45.0 min,平均住院时间为6.6 d,平均住院费用为2.3万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.67例患者行LC+EST,平均手术时间为40.0 min,平均住院时间为6.1 d,平均住院费用为2.4万元,2例患者术后出现并发症.32例患者行胆总管一期缝合及LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.平均手术时间为97.3 min,平均住院时间为7.3 d,平均住院费用2.5万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.272例患者术后平均随访12个月,6例患者术后胆总管结石复发,其余患者未发现残留结石及胆管狭窄.结论 腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜三镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石具有创伤小、恢复快及并发症少的优点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.Methods The clinical data of 3 16 patients with intraand extrahepatic bile duct stone who were admitted to the Bethune First Hospital from April 2007 to August 2010were retrospectively analyzed.There were 269 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,10 patients with cholesystolithiasis,choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiagis,and 37 patients with choledocholithiasis.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)+choledochoscopy was applied to patients with hepatolithiasis or with the diameter of common bile duct≥10 mm;endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)+LC or LC+EST was applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct between 10 mm and 5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct<5 mm;LC+laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(TC-CBDE)+choledochoscopy wag applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct≤5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct≥5 mm.Results The success rate of operation was 96.8%(306/316).A total of 163 patients received LC +LCBDE+T-tube drainage+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 93.6 minutes,2.8×104 yuan and 9.8 days,respectively,and 5 patients had complications postoperatively.Fifty-four patients received EST+LC,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 45.0minutes,6.6 days,2.3×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.Sixty-seven patients received LC+EST,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 40.0minutes,6.1 days,2.4×104 yuan,respectively,and 2 patients had complication postoperatively.Thirty-two patients received one-stage repair of common bile duct and LC+TC-CBDE+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 97.3 minutes,7.3 days and 2.5×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.A total of 272 patients were followed up for 12 months,except for 6 patients with recurrence of common bile duct stone,no residual stone or biliary stricture was etected.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope has advantages of less trauma,quick ecovery and fewer complications in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.     

腹腔镜技术在肝外胆管结石治疗中的应用体会

目的探讨腹腔镜技术处理肝外胆管结石的意义。方法回顾性分析和总结2008年至2009年运用腹腔镜技术处理胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的12个病例资料。结果术前明确诊断10例,可疑合并有胆总管结石2例,均采用腹腔镜行胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石+胆道镜探查+T管引流术。12例手术顺利完成,手术时间85~150min,术中出血量30~100ml,术后第2天进流质,无胆漏、出血及T管引流口感染等并发症发生,平均住院时间4.5d,术后1个月T管造影无残留结石,再夹管3d后拔除T管。结论腹腔镜技术处理肝外胆道结石具有创伤小、恢复快、术后患者舒适度高等优点,且该技术安全可靠,配合胆道镜更能避免结石残留。     

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目的 总结运用腹腔镜与十二指肠镜、胆道镜联合，微创治疗内镜取石失败的胆管结石病人的治疗经验。方法 从1998年4月至2002年5月，运用三镜联合的手术方式（术前内镜下经鼻胆管引流，腹腔镜胆总管探查术，术中胆道镜），对251例胆总管结石病人进行微创治疗。结果 240例手术均获成功，11例中转开腹、无残余结石及严重并发症。术后住院时间明显缩短，操作熟练后手术时间也短于开腹手术。194例随访半年以上未见远期并发症。结论 三镜联合胆总管探查术对于有较高内镜、腹腔镜技术的医疗单位是切实可行和安全可靠的。十二指肠镜、胆道镜及腹腔镜的联合应用优势明显，可基本取代开腹胆总管探查术。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石的临床分析

目的 探讨采取腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管患者的临床疗效.方法 选取南京鼓楼医院集团仪征医院2018年5月至2021年5月收治的40例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,根据手术方式分为两组,研究组(20例)采用常规开腹治疗胆总管结石,对照组(20例)采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜的治疗方法,比较两组患者治疗后的总有效率、生活质量指标评分...     

腹腔镜下胆道镜液电碎石术治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的:总结腹腔镜下胆道镜液电碎石术治疗肝内外胆管结石的手术方法、效果及安全性。方法:回顾分析2005年1月至2012年1月采用腹腔镜下胆道镜液电碎石术治疗23例难取性肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料,观察结石取净率及并发症发生率。结果:23例术中均碎石成功,其中22例一次性取净结石,结石取净率95.7%;1例因结石数量较多,术后6周经T管窦道行胆道镜取石术。无胆道穿孔、大出血、胆漏、切口感染等并发症发生。术后3～4 d拔除腹腔引流管,5～7 d出院。术后4周常规行T管造影,夹管3 d后拔除T管。结论:腹腔镜下结合胆道镜液电碎石术可显著提高肝内外胆管结石的疗效,手术安全、可靠。     

高位胆管损伤及其处理

目的 探讨高位胆管损伤的原因、类型和处理方法.方法 回顾性总结分析了1998-2005年间对38例胆管损伤的诊治过程,其中腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）术中损伤24例,开腹胆囊切除术（OC）术中胆管损伤14例;高位胆管损伤21例.结果 所有胆管损伤病人均行手术治疗,分别行胆管对端吻合、胆管修补、肝管空肠吻合及胆管空肠吻合术.结论 LC手术发生胆管损伤多为高位胆管损伤,以行肝胆管空肠吻合术作为主要治疗手段,胆管损伤经手术修复后仍有一定术后并发症发生率.     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术治疗胆总管下段癌 (附一例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术治疗胆总管下段癌的安全性与可行性。方法:就我科于2005年1月用腹腔镜进行的一例胆总管下段癌所作胰十二指肠切除术,研究其手术技术、手术安全性、术后恢复情况和随访结果。结果:手术顺利,无术中严重并发症;手术时间6.5h,术中出血约50ml。术后恢复良好,术后第3天胃肠道功能恢复,第4天下床,第6天开始进流质。术后有少量胰漏,经单纯吸引后痊愈;无胃肠、胆肠吻合口漏等严重并发症;术后30d出院。出院后1个月,随访情况良好。结论:具丰富腔镜手术经验的专业医师施行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术具有可行性与安全性。本例的长期疗效有待进一步随访观察。本手术方法有待更多经验积累及随机临床论证。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗胆管结石的对比研究

目的:比较腹腔镜胆总管切开纤维胆道镜(纤胆镜)取石与开腹手术治疗胆管结石的临床效果。方法:对比研究腹腔镜胆总管切开治疗胆管结石30例,与同期开腹手术30例。结果:两组的手术时间、术后并发症及术后结石残留率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组出血量少,康复快,住院时间短。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗胆管结石安全、有效,优于开腹术。     

The role of laparoscopy in the management of common bile duct obstruction in children

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is commonplace in adults; however, this procedure is not often performed in children. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in children. METHODS: Of 50 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, six patients (12%) had obstructing lesions of the common bile duct (CBD). Five children underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and one child had a preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal. RESULTS: The mean age at laparoscopic CBD exploration was 11.6 years (range, 5-16). The obstructing lesion was visualized by intraoperative cholangiography in all five patients. The mean operative time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy along with CBD exploration was 215 min (range, 160-282). The transcystic laparoscopic CBD exploration was performed using a 7-Fr, multichannel rigid, or 10-Fr flexible fiberoptic cystoscope. The stones were either pushed into the duodenum with the scope or extracted through the cystic duct using a 3-Fr Segura basket. In one patient, a candidial ball disintegrated during an attempt to remove it with the basket. A repeat cholangiogram at the end of each procedure showed an anatomically normal CBD with free flow of contrast into the duodenum. All patients enjoyed a quick recovery. They were started on a regular diet on the same day of surgery and discharged on the 1st or 2nd postoperative day. One patient with sickle cell disease developed a pulmonary infarction and required 5 additional days of hospitalization. One patient developed recurrent choledocholithiasis 6 months after laparoscopic exploration and was treated successfully with endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic CBD exploration can be performed safely at the time of the cholecystectomy in children. Endoscopic sphincterotomy before cholecystectomy is not necessary. We recommend laparoscopic CBD exploration for obstructing lesions of the CBD. Endoscopic sphincterotomy should be reserved for recurrent lesions of the CBD after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石方法探讨

目的 :探讨腹腔镜下胆总管探查胆道取石的方法。方法 :于腹腔镜下对胆总管结石 4 5例按由简单到复杂 ,由损伤轻到损伤重的原则应用冲洗、挤压及分离钳、胆道镜、改良取石钳取石。结果 :用冲吸法取净结石 3例 ,占 6 .6 % ;挤压和分离钳取净结石 13例 ,占 2 8 9% ;胆道镜取净结石 11例 ,占 2 4 % ;取石钳取净结石 18例 ,占 4 0 %。结论 :腹腔镜下胆总管取石应遵循由简到繁的原则 ,用取石钳取石较为可靠     

腹腔镜术中经胆囊管纤维胆道镜取石术的应用体会(附18例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术中应用胆道镜经胆囊管途径进行胆总管探查、取石的方法及临床价值。方法:对18例腹腔镜手术中经胆囊管途径行胆道镜胆总管探查、取石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:经胆囊管途径胆道镜成功取出胆总管结石共17例,失败1例,取石成功94.4%(17/18)。结论:腹腔镜手术中应用经胆囊管途径取出胆总管内结石的方法安全可行,较之腹腔镜术中胆总管切开取石的方法创伤更小。     

Diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound for staging of patients with malignant proximal bile duct obstruction

Tumor staging in patients with a malignant obstruction of the proximal bile duct is focused on selecting patients who could benefit from a resection. Diagnostic laparoscopy, which has proved its value in several gastrointestinal malignancies, has been used routinely at our hospital since 1993 in patients with a malignant obstruction of the proximal bile duct, although data in the literature with regard to its additional value are conflicting. Therefore the diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with malignant proximal bile duct obstruction was evaluated. From January 1993 to May 2000, diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in 110 patients (61 males and 49 females), with a mean age of 60 years (range 30 to 80 years), who had a suspected malignant proximal bile duct tumor and in whom "potential resectability" was demonstrated by means of conventional radiologic staging methods (i.e., ultrasound combined with Doppler imaging, CT, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography). Laparoscopy revealed histologically proved incurable disease in 44 (41%) of the 110 patients (31 with metastases and 13 with extensive tumor ingrowth). Laparoscopic ultrasound imaging, however, revealed histologically proved incurable disease in one patient (1%), thereby preventing exploratory laparotomy in 46 because these patients had already been treated by palliative endoscopic stent placement. The remaining 65 patients were staged as having a resectable tumor and underwent surgical exploration. Thirty patients had an unresectable tumor (distant metastases in five; tumor ingrowth in surrounding tissues in 24) or benign disease (one patient). Sensitivity and negative predictive value of diagnostic laparoscopy for detecting unresectable disease were 60% and 52%, respectively. Diagnostic laparoscopy avoided unnecessary laparotomy in 41% of patients with a malignant proximal bile duct obstruction considered resectable according to conventional imaging studies. The additional value of laparoscopic ultrasound was limited. Therefore diagnostic laparoscopy should be performed routinely in the workup of patients with a potentially resectable proximal bile duct tumor. Presented at the Forty-Second Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Atlanta, Georgia, May 20–23, 2001 (oral presentation).     

Laparoscopic management of common bile duct stones

Background While laparoscopic cholecystectomy is widely accepted for therapy of cholecystolithiasis, controversy still exists concerning the management of common bile duct stones. Besides preoperative endoscopic papillotomy followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open common bile duct surgery, management of common bile duct stones can be conducted by laparoscopy, if respective experience is available.Method During laparoscopic cholecystectomy a cholangiography via the cystic duct is routinely performed. If bile duct stones are detected they are retrieved via the cystic duct or via incision of the common bile duct by insertion of a Fogarty catheter or Dormia basket. Exclusion criteria against simultaneous laparoscopic management include suspicion of malignancy, severe pancreatitis, or cholangitis.Results From November 1991 to March 2002, 200 patients primarily underwent laparoscopic therapy of bile duct stones. Retrieval was performed via cystic duct and common bile duct incision in 115 and 85 cases, respectively. Complete removal was achieved in 91%; complication rate and mortality was 7% and 0.5%, respectively. During the same period primary endoscopic papillotomy was necessary in 40 patients because of the above contraindications.Conclusions When correct indications and surgical expertise are observed, simultaneous laparoscopic management of common bile duct stones represents a safe and minimally invasive alternative to a two-procedure approach.     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的并发症及防治

目的 :探讨电视腹腔镜胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石T形管引流术 (LCHTD)的并发症及防治措施。方法 :回顾分析LCHTD186例的临床资料。 186例中 15 0例行胆囊切除加胆总管切开术取石 ,36例单纯行胆总管切开术取石。结果 :186例中成功 183例 ,3例中转开腹 ,术中及术后 11例发生并发症 ,其中术中出血 2例 ,术后胆道出血 1例 ,胆管残留结石 3例 ,胆漏 2例 ,腹腔残石致腹腔感染 1例 ,T形管早期脱落 1例 ,胆囊管钛夹脱落于T形管窦道壁内 1例。患者均获治愈 ,无死亡病例。结论 :对电视腹腔镜胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石T形管引流术的并发症应予以重视 ,掌握适应证 ,提高操作熟练程度 ,及时发现并采取积极治疗措施 ,以减少和防止严重并发症的发生     

腹腔镜再次胆道探查术治疗胆管结石

目的：探讨腹腔镜再次胆道探查术治疗胆管结石的方法和临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析为31例复发性胆管结石患者施行腹腔镜胆道探查取石术的临床资料。结果：31例中2例因腹腔粘连致密,胆道周围组织充血水肿严重而中转开腹。29例完成腹腔镜手术,其中1例因胆总管结石大,1例胆总管下端结石嵌顿,1例肝内胆管结石较多,胆道镜和取石钳取石困难,剑突下切口延长至3~4 cm,直视下用取石钳联合胆道镜取石。行胆总管一期缝合5例,24例行胆总管T管引流术。手术时间平均170 min。术后均无腹腔出血和肠漏等并发症发生。3例出现少量胆漏,未出现腹膜炎和腹内感染征象,腹腔引流管分别于术后第6,9,10天拔除。2例剑突下切口感染均是切口延长者,通过局部换药愈合。胆总管一期缝合5例,术后5~7 d出院。24例行胆总管T管引流的患者中,10例于术后7 d带T管出院,14例于术后14 d夹闭T管后带管出院。术中19例结石取净,10例胆道残余结石患者于术后2个月经胆道镜取出。结论：腹腔镜再次胆道探查术安全,患者创伤小,康复快。胆管炎症严重及肝内外结石较多、胆总管下端结石嵌顿者需慎重选择腹腔镜手术。