佛山市顺德区近年食品行业从业人员传染病现状调查

目的了解佛山市顺德区食品行业从业人员乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、肠道致病菌及肺结核的感染状况,分析其影响因素,为更好地控制疾病传播和保护人民群众身体健康提供依据。方法搜集2003—2005年佛山市顺德区疾病预防控制中心门诊部体检的食品行业从业人员的检查资料,进行统计分析。采用酶联免疫吸附试验对血清乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)进行检测;采用动力学法对血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)进行检测;采用肛拭子标本进行肠道致病菌检测;X线胸部检查肺结核。结果3年共体检食品行业从业人员80375人,HBsAg阳性率为9.72%,ALT异常率为0.82%,沙门菌检出率和肺结核检出率分别为0.13%和0.22%。结论顺德区食品行业从业人员HBV感染情况不容忽视,结核病的检出率呈上升趋势。     

2006—2011年阳山县从业人员健康体检结果分析

目的了解阳山县食品和公共场所从业人员病毒性肝炎(HBV、HAV、HEV)、肠道沙门菌、志贺菌感染情况,为制定预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法对阳山县2006—2011年食品和公共场所从业人员健康体检结果进行分析。检测项目包括乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、e抗原(HBeAg)、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、沙门菌和志贺菌、甲型肝炎病毒(抗-HAV IgM)、戊型肝炎病毒(抗-HEV IgM)。结果 2006—2011年体检总人数为18 188人,检出ALT异常者846例,异常率为4.65%;检出沙门菌阳性11例,阳性率为0.06%;检出志贺菌阳性6例,阳性率为0.03%。其中2006—2009年体检人数为12 178人,检出HBsAg阳性1 089例,阳性率为8.94%;检出HBeAg阳性201例,阳性率为1.65%。2010—2011年体检人数为6 010人,检出抗-HAV IgM阳性2例,阳性率为0.03%;检出抗-HEV IgM阳性3例,阳性率为0.05%。结论阳山县食品和公共场所从业人员乙肝病毒携带率和ALT异常率均较高,应予以高度重视。     

2003～2005年珲春市服务行业从业人员HBV感染状况分析

[目的]了解服务业从业人员乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染状况，为制定有效防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]对珲春市2003-2005年在我市疾病预防控制中心体检的服务业从业人员HBV感染指标检测资料进行分析。[结果]检测24604人，HBsAg阳性率为4．74％，HBeAg阳性率为1．9％，ALT异常率为0．05％。[结论]珲春市服务业从业人员HBV感染状况仍不容忽视并且应加以重视。     

绍兴县服务行业人员乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的了解绍兴县服务行业从业人员乙肝病毒感染的现状及流行病学特点。方法对2006年绍兴县服务业从业人员预防性健康检查资料用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果HBsAg、HBeAg阳性率和ALT异常率分别为5.1%、0.9%和0.8%;ALT异常率HBsAg阳性者明显高于HBsAg阴性者（P〈0.01）;HBsAg、HBeAg阳性率和ALT异常率男性高于女性（P〈0.01）;HBeAg阳性率随年龄增长而下降（P〈0.01）;HBeAg阳性率公共场所从业人员显著高于食品行业组（P〈0.01）,而ALT异常率则相反（P〈0.05）;HBsAg、HBeAg阳性率初检从业人员显著高于复检组（P〈0.05）;ALT异常率农村从业人员大大高于城市组（P〈0.01）。结论应加强对服务行业从业人员乙型肝炎的预防和控制,特别对易感人群的健康教育及乙肝疫苗的预防接种。     

2007年麻江县食品及公共场所从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染检测分析

[目的]了解麻江县食品及公共场所从业人员乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状况,为公共卫生监督提供依据.[方法]对2007年到麻江县疾病预防控制中心进行健康体检的1 033名食品及公共场所从业人员HBV感染指标检测结果进行分析.[结果]检测1 033人,HBsAg阳性的40例,阳性率为3.87%.HBsAg阳性率,男性为4.55%,女性为3.52%(P＞0.05).不同年龄、职业、文化程度和不同民族从业人员HBsAg阳性率的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).40名HBsAg阳性者中,HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc阳性的3例,HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性的24例,HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBe阳性的2例,HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性的8例,单独HBsAg阳性的3例.[结论]麻江县食品及公共场所从业人员HBsAg阳性率不高,但部分人具有传染性.     

2006～2008年珲春市食品从业人员HBV感染状况分析

[目的]了解食品从业人员乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染状况,为制定有效防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]对20062008年在珲春市疾病预防控制中心体检的食品从业人员HBV感染指标检测资料进行分析。[结果]检测14 055人,HBsAg阳性率为4.74%,HBeAg阳性率为1.89%,ALT异常率为0.05%。HBsAg阳性率、HBeAg阳性率,男性分别为5.70%、2.16%,女性分别为4.19%、1.74%（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;1620岁分别为5.08%、1.90%,2130岁分别为4.86%、2.48%,3158岁分别为3.92%、0.19%（P〈0.01）。[结论]珲春市食品从业人员HBV感染状况仍不容忽视。     

2006-2011年阳山县从业人员健康体检结果分析

目的了解阳山县食品和公共场所从业人员病毒性肝炎（HBV、HAV、HEV）、肠道沙门菌、志贺茵感染情况,为制定预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法对阳山县2006-2011年食品和公共场所从业人员健康体检结果进行分析。检测项目包括乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、e抗原（HBeAg）、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、沙门菌和志贺菌、甲型肝炎病毒（抗-HAV IgM）、戊型肝炎病毒（抗-HEVIgM）。结果2006-2011年体检总人数为18188人,检出ALT异常者846例,异常率为4．65％;检出沙门菌阳性11例,阳性率为0．06％;检出志贺菌阳性6例,阳性率为0．03％。其中2006-2009年体检人数为12178人,检出HBsAg阳性1089例。阳性率为8．94％;检出HBeAg阳性201例,阳性率为1．65％。2010--2011年体检人数为6010人,检出抗-HAV IgM阳性2例．阳性率为0．03％;检出抗-HEV IgM阳性3例,阳性率为0．05％。结论阳山县食品和公共场所从业人员乙肝病毒携带率和AⅡ异常率均较高,应予以高度重视。     

2005～2009年龙岩市食品及公共场所从业人员HBV携带情况分析

目的了解龙岩市食品及公共场所从业人员乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带情况,为制订科学的预防措施提供依据。方法收集2005～2009年来我中心进行健康体检的食品及公共场所从业人员体检资料。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）,检测HBsAg、HBeAg。结果检测45 853人,HBsAg总阳性率5.52%。2005～2009年HBsAg阳性率分别为6.21%、6.34%、6.35%、4.21%、4.15%,各年龄组HBsAg阳性率分别为16～20岁7.69%,21～30岁5.70%、31～40岁4.27%、41～50岁3.00%;男性HBsAg阳性率10.84%女性3.82%,男女间阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论龙岩市食品及公共场所从业人员HBsAg阳性率不高,但仍需加大乙肝健康宣传力度,做好乙肝疫苗的接种工作,防治乙型肝炎的发生和传播。     

凯里市2007年-2009年卫生从业人员体检结果分析

目的:为了解凯里市食品及公共场所从业人员乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)携带状况,为公共卫生监督提供依据。方法:取受检者静脉血,HBsAg采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),ALT采用自动生化分析仪测定。结果:2007年-2009年到黔东南州疾控中心进行健康体检的从业人员共9883人,HBsAg阳性率为4.46%。从性别、民族、年龄、行业及学历分布来看HBsAg阳性率差别均有统计学意义。对HBsAg阳性者116人进行HBeAg检测,HBeAg阳性率26.30%。单纯ALT异常总检出率为1.55%,不同年份、性别和行业ALT异常检出率差别有统计学意义。结论:为了阻断HBV传播,必须加强卫生监督执法和监测工作;加强对从业人员的健康管理;定期对从业人员进行卫生知识培训;加强餐饮娱乐场所环境和物品的消毒和监测;对易感人群进行乙肝疫苗接种。     

德化县HBsAg阳性服务业人员HBV标志物及ALT测定结果分析

为观察我县服务业即食品与公共场所从业人员HBV阳性检出率和阳性人群乙型肝炎病毒标志及与ALT检测结果关系，我们于1998-1999年对全县服务业从业人员进行HBsAg及HBsAg阳性血清进行两对半和ALT结果测定，现报告如下：     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.