乙型肝炎患者肝组织中Fas及Fas配体的表达

为探讨乙型肝炎肝组织中Ｆａｓ及Ｆａｓ配体（ＦａｓＬ）表达和分布的相互关系，采用免疫组织化学技术，以兔抗－Ｆａｓ及兔抗－ＦａｓＬ多克隆抗体，对６０例急性轻型肝炎、慢性活动性肝炎及活动性肝硬化患者石蜡包埋肝组织中的Ｆａｓ及ＦａｓＬ进行了检测。Ｆａｓ及ＦａｓＬ的检出率分别为７６．７％（４６／６０）及７０．０％（４２／６０），Ｆａｓ于肝细胞胞浆内表达，ＦａｓＬ多在肝组织中浸润的淋巴细胞胞浆内表达（３４／４２，８０．９％），也见于肝细胞胞浆中（２５／４２，５９．５％）。ＦａｓＬ阳性淋巴细胞主要分布于汇管区，肝小叶内很少见，ＦａｓＬ阳性肝细胞的分布类同Ｆａｓ阳性肝细胞；在急性轻型肝炎，阳性细胞多在小叶内弥散分布，在慢性活动性肝炎和活动性肝硬化则更多集聚于碎屑样坏死灶和假小叶的周边。免疫组化双标记染色显示，Ｆａｓ及ＦａｓＬ可在同一或不同肝细胞胞浆内表达，但多分布于同一区域。本研究在正常肝组织中未查见ＦａｓＬ的表达，提示在病理状态下，肝细胞才出现ＦａｓＬ的表达。Ｆａｓ及ＦａｓＬ在肝组织中的分布表明，Ｆａｓ－ＦａｓＬ系统在乙型病毒性肝炎肝细胞损伤中起着重要的作用。     

慢性乙型肝炎和肝病中Fas和FasL表达的原位研究

目的了解慢性乙型肝炎和肝病时介导凋亡的Ｆａｓ／ＦａｓＬ表现。方法以免疫组化法原位检查各种慢性肝病４５例的活检肝组织。结果肝内浸润的淋巴细胞中检出ＦａｓＬ，肝细胞Ｆａｓ／ＦａｓＬ表达与炎症活动性一致，多分布在界面性炎症区。肝细胞表达ＦａｓＬ，可能也发挥细胞毒效应。结论新的发现是ＦａｓＬ可在肝细胞结节和肝癌细胞表达，提示有细胞毒效应的ＦａｓＬ在ＨＢ相关慢性肝病中有发病学意义。肝癌细胞中未检出Ｆａｓ而检出ＦａｓＬ，可能是一种肿瘤逃避免疫攻击的机制     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血细胞Fas的表达及临床意义

系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）是我国常见的、以淋巴细胞功能异常为特点的自身免疫性疾病。其病因及发病机制尚不清楚。有学者认为处于分化和成熟阶段的淋巴细胞的异常凋亡,使自身反应性淋巴细胞未被清除,导致了ＳＬＥ的发生。已研究发现〔１〕,ＳＬＥ患者的外周血淋巴细胞表面Ｆａｓ的表达增高,但尚未见到他们与临床相关性的报道。为此,我们应用ＦＩＴＣ标记的鼠抗人Ｆａｓ（ＣＤ９５）ＩｇＧ１单抗,在流式细胞仪下观察ＳＬＥ患者外周血淋巴细胞Ｆａｓ的表达,以探讨Ｆａｓ在ＳＬＥ发病中的作用及其临床意义。１　资料与方法１１　检测…     

Fas L／Fas与自身免疫性甲状腺炎

Ｆａｓ和Ｆａｓ配体（Ｆａｓ Ｌ）是肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）受体及配体家族中的一对跨膜蛋白,也是控制细胞凋亡的死亡因子之一。自身免疫性甲状腺炎（ＡＩＴ）病人的甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞上Ｆａｓ,Ｆａｓ Ｌ的较高表达可能是机体抵抗自身免疫攻击的一种保护机制。向实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎鼠体内转移编码Ｆａｓ Ｌ的质粒ＤＮＡ的结果表明,Ｆａｓ Ｌ的表达可诱使淋巴细胞,尤其是自身反应性Ｔ淋巴细胞的凋亡,达到治疗ＡＩＴ的     

乙型肝炎患者肝组织中FasL的检测

目的探讨乙型病毒性肝炎患者肝组织中Ｆａｓ配体（ＦａｓＬ）的表达与分布及其与Ｆａｓ抗原的相互关系。方法应用免疫组织化学双标记技术，以免抗－ＦａｓＬ及兔抗一Ｆａｓ多克隆抗体，对４６例慢性肝炎及活动性肝硬化患者石蜡包埋肝组织中的ＦａｓＬ及Ｆａｓ进行了检测。结果Ｆａｓ及ＦａｓＬ的检出率分别为７１．７％（３３／４６）及６５．２％（３０／４６），Ｆａｓ于肝细胞胞浆内表达；ＦａｓＬ多在肝组织中浸润的淋巴细胞胞浆内表达（２３／３０，７ｔｉ，７％），也见于肝细胞浆中（２０／３０，６６．７％）。ＦａｓＬ阳性淋巴细胞主要分布于汇管区，肝小叫内很少见，ＦａｓＬ阳性肝细胞的分布类同Ｆａｓ阳性肝细胞：即多集聚于碎屑样坏死灶和假小叶的周边。免疫组化双标记染色显示Ｆａｓ及ＦａｓＬ可在同一或不同肝细胞胞浆内表达，但多分布于同一区域。结论病毒性肝炎肝组织中ＦａｓＬ的分布与Ｆａｓ抗原密切相关，Ｆａｓ／ＦａｓＬ系统在肝细胞损伤中起了重要的作用，肝细胞内ＦａｓＬ表达的意义尚待进一步研究。     

重型乙型肝炎肝组织Fas/Fas配体表达与肝细胞凋亡的研究

近年证明，肝细胞凋亡参与乙型和丙型肝炎的发病机制，介导肝细胞凋亡的效应细胞主要是细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ），引发凋亡的途径主要是穿孔素／颗粒酶Ｂ、Ｆａｓ／Ｆａｓ配体（ＦａｓＬ）和肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）受体／ＴＮＦα系统［１］；但肝细胞凋亡在重型肝炎病变中的状况研究较少。本研究旨在探讨Ｆａｓ／ＦａｓＬ介导肝细胞凋亡在重型乙型肝炎发病机制中的作用。一、资料与方法研究对象为我科近年收治的病人，试验组为重型乙型肝炎病人２４例，男２１例，女３例，年龄２１～５５岁；对照组为慢性乙型肝炎病人５５例，男４…     

凋亡相关基因Fas、Fas配体及bax在慢性病毒肝炎组织中的表达及意义

为探讨凋亡相关基因Ｆａｓ、Ｆａｓ配体及ｂａｘ在慢性病毒性肝炎中表达的意义。采用免疫组化技术研究４８例慢性肝炎（乙型肝炎３３例,丙型肝炎１５例）组织中Ｆａｓ、ＦａｓＬ及ｂａｘ的表达。结果：慢性乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎组织中Ｆａｓ、ＦａｓＬ及ｂａｘ表达均较正常肝增加,以细胞坏死和炎细胞浸润区域增加明显。结论：凋亡相关基因Ｆａｓ、Ｆａｓ及ｂａｘ可能参与了肝炎病毒致肝细胞的损伤过程。     

38例急性乙型病毒性肝炎组织中Fas抗原和Fas配体的表？…

目的：探讨Ｆａｓ－ＦａｓＬ系统在急性病毒性肝炎发病中的作用。方法：采用免疫组织化学技术，结果：３８例急性乙型肝炎肝组织中的Ｆａｓ和ＦａｓＬ表达的检出率分别为５５．３％和６６．５％，Ｆａｓ和ＦａｓＬ的表达强度与患者的年龄，性别和血清Ａ，Ａ／Ｇ和ＰＴＡ无关，而与血清ＡＬＴ和ＴＢＩＬ水平有关，较重型（伴桥样坏死）的急性乙型肝炎其Ｆａｓ表达比轻型急性乙型肝炎要强，结论：由ＣＴＬ－Ｆａｓ－ＦａｓＬ系统介导的     

乙型肝炎患者肝组织Fas／FasL表达及其在肝细胞凋亡中的作用

研究Ｆａｓ和Ｆａｓ配体在乙型肝炎肝细胞凋亡及坏死中的作用。方法：分别用免疫组织化学方法和原位末端标记技术检测７１例各类型乙型肝炎患者肝组织Ｆａｓ／ＦａｓＬ表达和肝细胞凋亡情况。结论：Ｆａｓ和ＦａｓＬ在肝细胞凋亡和坏死中起作用，肝细胞的直接自杀方式或自分泌及旁分泌杀伤机制，可能为乙型病毒性发病理的重要因素。     

急慢性乙型肝病临床与肝组织中Fas抗原和Fas配体表达的原位研究

为探讨ＣＴＬ－Ｆａｓ－ＦａｓＬ系统在急慢性惭型肝病中的作用，本文采用免疫组化法对１１０急慢性乙型肝病组织中的Ｆａｓ抗原和ＦａｓＬ的表达进行了检测。结果Ｆａｓ和ＦａｓＬ的表达率急性乙肝分别为５５．３％和６０．５％，慢性乙肝８７．０％和８４．８％、肝硬化８０．０％和７０．０％、慢重乙肝１００％和１００％；慢性乙肝其肝组织Ｆａｓ和ＦａｓＬ的表达强度与患者的年龄、性别和血清ＡＬＴ水平无关。而与血清Ａ、Ａ／     

衰老相关的免疫细胞及分子变化研究进展

机体免疫系统发生的年龄相关的结构和功能的改变称为免疫衰老.尽管调节免疫衰老的确切机制还有待于研究,但已证实免疫系统功能增龄性降低即免疫老化是进化上古老而保守的机体调节过程.该文就老化机体在细胞及分子水平的改变和病原体感染在宿主免疫系统老化进程中的作用进行综述,以明确感染因素对机体免疫系统衰老的影响.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与肝脏免疫调节紊乱

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)发生发展的分子机制至今尚未明确.目前最成熟的假说是Day提出的"二次打击"学说[1],但并不能圆满解释NAFLD的所有临床现象.     

肺癌微环境中免疫细胞与肿瘤免疫逃逸相关研究进展

肺癌肿瘤局部浸润的免疫细胞、间质细胞及所分泌的活性介质等与肺癌细胞共同构成的局部内环境又被称之为肺癌微环境。肺癌微环境中浸润的免疫细胞参与了肺癌的疾病进展和免疫逃逸。本文对这一群细胞的浸润特征、功能和相互关系进行阐述,探讨其在肺癌发生发展过程中的作用。     

Immunological battlefield in gastric cancer and role of immunotherapies

Like the wars predating the First World War where human foot soldiers were deemed tools in the battlefield against an enemy, so too are the host immune cells of a patient battling a malignant gastric cancer. Indeed, the tumour microenvironment resembles a battlefield, where the patient's immune cells are the defence against invading tumour cells. However, the relationship between different immune components of the host response to cancer is more complex than an "us against them" model. Components of the immune system inadvertently work against the interests of the host and become pro-tumourigenic while other components soldier on against the common enemy – the tumour cell.     

Alcohol Abuse, Alcoholism, and Damage to the Immune System—A Review

Chronic alcohol abuse exacts a major social and medical toll in the United States and other Western countries. One of the least appreciated medical complications of alcohol abuse is altered immune regulation leading to immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. The consequences of the immunodeficiency include increased susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases. In addition, the chronic alcoholic often has circulating autoantibodies, and recent investigations indicate that the most destructive complications of alcoholism, such as liver disease and liver failure, may have a component of autoimmunity. Current research on altered cytokine balance produced by alcohol is leading to new insights on the regulation of the immune system in the chronic alcoholic. There is also recent development of exciting new techniques designed to improve or restore immune function by manipulation of cytokine balance. Although much remains to be learned, both in the abnormalities produced by alcohol and in the techniques to reverse those abnormalities, current progress reflects a rapidly improving understanding of the basic immune disorders of the alcoholic.     

The role and delicate balance of Host Immunity in Coronavirus Disease-19

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) associated with SARS-CoV-2, causes a severe form of the respiratory illness known as Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has emerged as a worldwide pandemic with a high number of fatalities. Approximately 112,654,202 people have been infected so far with this disease which has led to the death of more than one point seven million (2,496,749) till 24th Feb, 2021. Measures to counter this disease have led to a global economic slowdown. Multiple drug trials are ongoing and several putative candidates for vaccination against the virus have been approved and are in the pipeline. Many studies have also characterized the immunological profile of patients infected with COVID-19. Some studies suggest that the severity of the COVID-19 infection is directly associated with the cytokine storm. In this review, we aim to compile the available knowledge and describe the nature of immune responses in patients infected with COVID-19 in different age groups, comorbidity, and immune-compromised state and their association with disease severity.     

胃癌患者血清可溶性FasL的变化及意义

应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测45例胃癌患者血清中可溶性FasL(sFasL)水平,并取30例健康献血员为对照。结果显示,胃癌患者术前血清sFasL为(15.24±1.25)μg/L,30例健康献血员sFasL病理为(4.21±1.13)μg/L。两组比较P<0.01。胃癌患者术前血清sFasL含量[(15.24±1.25)μg/L]显著高于术后(5.36±1.19)μg/L],P <0.01,且分期越高、分化程度越低、有淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径>3cm者,术前血清sFasL越高。提示胃癌患者血清中含有sFasL,且sFasL在胃癌免疫逃逸、反击机制中起重要作用;术前胃癌血清中sFasL水平可作为术后随访和判断预后的一个重要指标。     

Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and allergen tolerance

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the mainstay treatment for the cure of allergic disorders, with depicted efficacy and safety by several trials and meta-analysis. AIT impressively contributes to the management of allergic rhinitis, asthma and venom allergies. Food allergy is a new arena for AIT with promising results, especially via novel administration routes. Cell subsets with regulatory capacities are induced during AIT. IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are the main suppressor cytokines, in addition to surface molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) within the micro milieu. Modified T- and B-cell responses and antibody isotypes, increased activity thresholds for eosinophils, basophils and mast cells and consequent limitation of inflammatory cascades altogether induce and maintain a state of sustained allergen-specific unresponsiveness. Established tolerance is reflected into the clinical perspectives as improvement of allergy symptoms together with reduced medication requirements and evolved disease severity. Long treatment durations, costs, reduced patient compliance and risk of severe, even life-threatening adverse reactions during treatment stand as major limiting factors for AIT. By development of purified non-allergenic, highly-immunogenic modified allergen extracts, and combinational usage of them with novel adjuvant molecules via new routes may shorten treatment durations and possibly reduce these drawbacks. AIT is the best model for custom-tailored therapy of allergic disorders. Better characterization of disease endotypes, definition of specific biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy follow-up, as well as precision medicine approaches may further contribute to success of AIT in management of allergic disorders.     

免疫1号方对艾滋病潜伏期免疫功能影响的临床研究

目的观察免疫1号方对艾滋病潜伏期免疫功能的影响。方法 72例艾滋病潜伏期患者随机分为治疗组(36例)和对照组(36例),分别采用免疫1号方和安慰剂治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后的治疗有效率和CD4、CD45RA、CD45RO的变化,评价中药对艾滋病患者免疫功能的影响。结果中药干预6个月后,试验组治疗有效率达43.75%,对照组有效率18.18%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.021)。治疗组CD4细胞计数为(539.75±211.76)/mm3,对照组为(415.67±131.86)/mm3,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.0067)。CD45RA细胞绝对计数呈上升趋势,治疗3、6个月较治疗前明显升高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而对照组基本维持不变甚至有下降趋势。CD45RO绝对计数治疗后有上升,短期内升高较快,治疗1个月时与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018),治疗3、6个月两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论免疫1号方能有效改善艾滋病潜伏期患者的免疫功能,而且免疫1号方对艾滋病潜伏期的治疗,开始以刺激CD45RO的升高为主,而6个月后以对CD45RA的作用为主。