激光原位角膜磨镶术后非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎的研究现状

随着LASIK手术的普遍开展，术后并发感染性角膜炎的病例报道不断增多。非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)是导致术后感染性角膜炎的主要病原微生物之一，其中以龟分枝杆菌及偶发分枝杆菌最常见。LASIK术后NTM角膜炎的起病缓慢，早期无特异性症状，随病情的发展出现眼痛及视力下降。典型的临床体征为角膜基质多灶性点片状浸润，严重者可出现瓣下脓肿、角膜瓣坏死。对于LASIK术后2—3周角膜出现浸润病变或角膜瓣下出现结晶样角膜病变，应高度怀疑NTM角膜炎，其病因学诊断须依靠实验室检查。LASIK术后NTM角膜炎的治疗方法包括药物治疗、角膜瓣下的冲洗及手术治疗。治疗的原则为：药物治疗与手术治疗相结合，局部治疗与全身治疗相结合。目前最常用的抗生素为阿米卡星、克拉霉素及氟喹诺酮类抗生素。     

非结核性分枝杆菌性兔角膜炎的研究

目的　探讨非结核性分枝杆菌（NTM）性兔角膜炎的临床表现与不同时期的病理变化。方法48只兔（48只眼）随机分为3组：角膜瓣下NTN感染组（UFI组）、角膜瓣下NTM感染后糖皮质激素使用组（UFIC组）及角膜表面NTM感染组（sI组）。观察角膜基质浸润情况,并于术后5、7、14及21d进行角膜病灶细菌定量培养、组织病理学及免疫组织化学检查。结果兔NTM角膜炎在感染后5d角膜组织反应性水肿;7—14d角膜浅基质层出现多灶性点、片状灰白致密浸润;21d角膜新生血管大量增生,白斑形成。术后5、7、14及21d,3组模型角膜基质浸润面积比较差异有统计学意义（F=19．224,P〈0．05）;组间比较,UFIC组角膜浸润面积大于UFI组与SI组,差异均有统计学意义（F=9．362,8．341;均P〈0．05）。角膜细菌定量培养,UFIC组细菌数量高于UFI组与SI组,3组间比较差异均有统计学意义（F=411．272,P〈0．05）。病理学观察,感染后5d角膜基质层大量中性粒细胞浸润,7～14d角膜淋巴细胞灶性浸润,21d角膜成纤维细胞和新生血管增生明显。3组模型于术后5、7、14及21d角膜组织中CD4’细胞计数差异均有统计学意义（F=21．907,196．521,12．552,11．100;均P〈0．01）,CD8^＋细胞计数在感染后7、14d差异均有统计学意义（E=171．115,77．017;均P〈0．01）。结论角膜基质多灶性点、片状灰白致密浸润为NTN性角膜炎临床特征,CD4^＋细胞介导的细胞免疫反应在本感染中起重要作用。（中华跟科杂志,2007,43：613-617）     

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎足由非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的以角膜基质层多灶性浸润为主的炎性病变.1965年Turner和Stinsont[1]报道了第1例NTM角膜炎,此后相关病例报道不断增多.随着角膜屈光手术,尤其是激光原位角膜磨镶术(lasor in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)的普遍开展,NTM角膜炎呈现出集中发生的趋势.目前NTM已成为LASIK术后角膜感染的主要病原微生物(53%)[2].由于对该病认识不足,临床常不能及时确诊,延误治疗,所以眼科医师应对其密切关注.     

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎足由非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的以角膜基质层多灶性浸润为主的炎性病变.1965年Turner和Stinsont[1]报道了第1例NTM角膜炎,此后相关病例报道不断增多.随着角膜屈光手术,尤其是激光原位角膜磨镶术(lasor in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)的普遍开展,NTM角膜炎呈现出集中发生的趋势.目前NTM已成为LASIK术后角膜感染的主要病原微生物(53%)[2].由于对该病认识不足,临床常不能及时确诊,延误治疗,所以眼科医师应对其密切关注.     

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎足由非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的以角膜基质层多灶性浸润为主的炎性病变.1965年Turner和Stinsont[1]报道了第1例NTM角膜炎,此后相关病例报道不断增多.随着角膜屈光手术,尤其是激光原位角膜磨镶术(lasor in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)的普遍开展,NTM角膜炎呈现出集中发生的趋势.目前NTM已成为LASIK术后角膜感染的主要病原微生物(53%)[2].由于对该病认识不足,临床常不能及时确诊,延误治疗,所以眼科医师应对其密切关注.     

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎足由非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的以角膜基质层多灶性浸润为主的炎性病变.1965年Turner和Stinsont[1]报道了第1例NTM角膜炎,此后相关病例报道不断增多.随着角膜屈光手术,尤其是激光原位角膜磨镶术(lasor in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)的普遍开展,NTM角膜炎呈现出集中发生的趋势.目前NTM已成为LASIK术后角膜感染的主要病原微生物(53%)[2].由于对该病认识不足,临床常不能及时确诊,延误治疗,所以眼科医师应对其密切关注.     

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎足由非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的以角膜基质层多灶性浸润为主的炎性病变.1965年Turner和Stinsont[1]报道了第1例NTM角膜炎,此后相关病例报道不断增多.随着角膜屈光手术,尤其是激光原位角膜磨镶术(lasor in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)的普遍开展,NTM角膜炎呈现出集中发生的趋势.目前NTM已成为LASIK术后角膜感染的主要病原微生物(53%)[2].由于对该病认识不足,临床常不能及时确诊,延误治疗,所以眼科医师应对其密切关注.     

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎足由非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的以角膜基质层多灶性浸润为主的炎性病变.1965年Turner和Stinsont[1]报道了第1例NTM角膜炎,此后相关病例报道不断增多.随着角膜屈光手术,尤其是激光原位角膜磨镶术(lasor in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)的普遍开展,NTM角膜炎呈现出集中发生的趋势.目前NTM已成为LASIK术后角膜感染的主要病原微生物(53%)[2].由于对该病认识不足,临床常不能及时确诊,延误治疗,所以眼科医师应对其密切关注.     

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎足由非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的以角膜基质层多灶性浸润为主的炎性病变.1965年Turner和Stinsont[1]报道了第1例NTM角膜炎,此后相关病例报道不断增多.随着角膜屈光手术,尤其是激光原位角膜磨镶术(lasor in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)的普遍开展,NTM角膜炎呈现出集中发生的趋势.目前NTM已成为LASIK术后角膜感染的主要病原微生物(53%)[2].由于对该病认识不足,临床常不能及时确诊,延误治疗,所以眼科医师应对其密切关注.     

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎

非结核分枝杆菌性角膜炎足由非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)引起的以角膜基质层多灶性浸润为主的炎性病变.1965年Turner和Stinsont[1]报道了第1例NTM角膜炎,此后相关病例报道不断增多.随着角膜屈光手术,尤其是激光原位角膜磨镶术(lasor in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)的普遍开展,NTM角膜炎呈现出集中发生的趋势.目前NTM已成为LASIK术后角膜感染的主要病原微生物(53%)[2].由于对该病认识不足,临床常不能及时确诊,延误治疗,所以眼科医师应对其密切关注.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

---

     

Current Thoughts on the Aetiology of Ocular Changes during Contact Lens Wear

ABSTRACT: Contact lenses are known to produce changes to the ocular tissues, and this review attempts to give a comprehensive assemblage of the knowledge on the aetiology of such changes. To achieve this result, the changes are categorized by structure and function, and discussed according to the temporal nature of occurrence where appropriate. Although assessment of the importance of a particular tissue change is difficult, this overview enables some degree of judgement to be made on the aetiology of the major side-effects of contact lens wear. This gives a basis on which to modify aspects of contact lens wear to ultimately increase the success rate.     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: first-order and second-order spatial structure

This study provides evidence for the existence of a low-level chromatic motion mechanism and further elucidates the conditions under which its operation becomes measurable in an experimental stimulus. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of amplitude modulated (AM) gratings that were defined by luminance or chromatic variation and masked with spatiotemporally broadband luminance or chromatic noise. The size and retinal location of the stimuli were varied and the effects of broadband noise and grating masks were both compared with the cohort of stimuli. Some significant disparities in the published literature were well explained by the results. In conclusion, evidence for a chromatically sensitive motion mechanism that evades the, detrimental effects of a luminance mask was found only at the fovea and only when the stimulus was small and centrally placed.     

Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies

We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive.