羽叶千里光的显微鉴定

介绍了羽叶千里光Ｓｅｎｅｃｉｏ ａｒｇｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｔｕｒｃｚ．茎、叶、根、根茎的组织构造及粉末的显微特征,供鉴别参考     

中华卷柏的生药鉴定

目的:为常用民间药中华卷柏提供鉴定依据.方法:性状和显微鉴别.结果:描述了药材性状、组织及粉末特征,绘制了茎及粉末特征详图.结论:该药材茎及粉末的显微构造特殊,为其进一步开发利用提供了可靠的鉴定依据.     

瓶尔小草的生药学研究

目的对四川南充野生草药瓶尔小草进行生药学研究。方法采用基源鉴定、性状鉴定、显微鉴定、显色反应、TLC法、紫外-可见分光光度法和HPLC法等理化鉴定方法。结果观察和描述瓶尔小草的原植物形态、药材性状、各器官(根、茎、营养叶及孢子穗)横切面组织构造和全草粉末显微特征,建立瓶尔小草乙醇提取物的TLC和HPLC鉴定方法;建立紫外-可见分光光度法定量测定瓶尔小草中总黄酮的含量,测得阴干和低温烘干2种不同干燥方法的瓶尔小草中总黄酮的含量分别为2.74%和3.28%。结论草药瓶尔小草的原植物和药材可见营养叶1枚,叶脉网状;孢子穗窄条形,孢子囊排成2列;其根、茎、营养叶及孢子穗的横切面组织构造具有典型性,2个长椭圆形至扁圆形孢子囊在横切面上呈八字形排列;全草粉末中可见导管、气孔、孢子和草酸钙小方晶等显微鉴别特征;主要化学成分总黄酮的TLC和HPLC图谱具有鉴别意义;建立的总黄酮含量测定方法简便、准确、可靠。以上研究结果可为瓶尔小草原植物与药材鉴别、质量标准的制定及开发利用提供参考。     

筋骨草显微鉴别的研究

目的：建立筋骨草的显微鉴别方法。方法：采用石蜡切片、表面制片及数码显微成像等技术,研究筋骨草根、根茎、茎、叶和花等部位的显微特征。结果：确立了筋骨草根、根茎、茎、叶、花等部位的显微鉴别特征。结论：实验建立的显微鉴别特征可作为筋骨草鉴别的参考依据。     

毛节缬草的解剖构造观察

目的：观察黑龙江省毛节缬草的解剖构造，明确其鉴别特征，为进一步制定缬草的质量标准及开发利用提供科学依据。方法：石蜡切片技术。结果：明确了黑龙江省毛节缬草的根、根茎、茎和叶的显微特征。结论：这些显微特征可作为毛节缬草的鉴别手段。     

中药千层塔4种原植物显微构造的比较

目的对千层塔药材的4种来源进行鉴别,为中药千层塔(Herba Huperziae)的药材鉴定及开发利用提供新的参考资料。方法应用光学显微镜观察中药千层塔4个来源,即蛇足石杉、皱边石杉、四川石杉及长柄石杉的根、根茎、茎、叶的组织形态及显微特征,并进行相应的比较。结果与结论4种石杉的组织构造基本相似;茎的星状中柱原生木质部的数目,叶表皮的气孔分布、气孔指数有一定的差异,可作为显微鉴别参考依据。     

白花蛇舌草及其常见伪品的鉴别

目的:对中药材白花蛇舌草及其常见伪品伞房花耳草和纤花耳草进行性状和显微鉴别研究。方法:从外观性状、组织和粉末特征进行显微鉴别。结果:白花蛇舌草与伞房花耳草、纤花耳草在茎、叶、花、果实、形态、组织及粉末显微特征方面都有较大区别。结论:白花蛇舌草与其两个常见伪品的性状和显微特征有较明显的差异,可资鉴别。     

塘葛菜的显微鉴定

目的对塘葛菜进行显微鉴别研究。方法采用石蜡切片法对塘葛菜根、茎、叶进行切片,使用显微技术观察组织构造及显微特征。结果根横切面射线和形成层明显;茎横切面有14~16个维管束间断排列成环,外侧具中柱鞘纤维束;叶脉横切面主脉维管束外韧型,上表皮下方具1列色素细胞,栅栏组织与海绵组织分化不明显;全草粉末中可见花粉粒、花冠表皮、花萼表皮、腺毛、种皮、非腺毛、导管、纤维和淀粉粒。结论该鉴定方法可靠,可作为塘葛菜的鉴定依据。     

《中国药典》2000年版中药成方制剂显微特征摘录

《中国药典》2000年版一部共收载成方制剂458种,其中247种规定有显微鉴别,但只描述显微特征,未注明是何种药材,给使用者带来不便。为了大家使用方便,笔者将其收载显微特征摘录其后,标出药材名称,并按中药材药用部位分为根及根茎、种子果实、全草、叶、花、皮、茎木、树脂、动物、矿物分列于后,每类项下按药材名称笔画顺序排列。同一药材在不同成方制剂中,一般都采用相同的显微特征,而且     

透骨草与其伪品马鞭草的生药鉴定

本文对透骨草及其伪品马鞭草进行了性状和显微特征的比较研究,为正确鉴别这两种中药提供了依据。     

三种栀子属植物根和茎形态组织学的比较鉴别

目的开发与利用栀子属植物药源，研究中药栀子根和茎形态组织学的鉴别特征。方法对栀子属三种植物的根和茎药材来源性状、显微进行了较详细的比较鉴别。结果通过三者形态组织学的比较，确定了三者鉴别要点，取得了较满意的结果。结论栀予属三种植物根和茎形态组织学的特征可作其药材鉴别的科学依据。     

粉末药材显微鉴定研究Ⅰ.

中药成药制剂——丸散锭丹大多是直接采用各种粉末药材配制而成。一种成药往往包括有数种至数十种粉末药材。利用显微观察是鉴别这类成药制剂最快速准确的科学方法之一。要比较全面地从事成药制剂的鉴定,必须首先研究清楚制做成药的各种原料药材的粉末特征。为此,我们以中国药典一部(1963年版)收载的丸散锭丹的主要原料药材为主,系统地进行粉末特征的研究。本文将分期报导其中的70种,并附有粉末特征图。     

HPCL Separation and Quantitative Determination of Valepotriates from Valeriana kilimandascharica.

Valepotriates, mainly isovaltrate and valtrate, have been separated and quantitatively estimated by reversed-phase HPLC in the leaves, flowers, stems and rhizomes of VALERIANA KILIMANDASCHARICA. The isovaltrate/valtrate concentration reaches a maximum of 5.89% in the leaves, 3.84% in the flowers, 3.17% in the stems and 5.15% in the rhizomes. A micro Bondapak C (18) column using MeOH-H (2)O mixtures as eluant is suitable for a baseline separation of isovaltrate, valtrate, acevaltrate and baldrinal at UV 254 nm in 15 min and didrovaltrate and IVHD-valtrat at UV 208 nm in 10 min. Relative standard deviation for quantitative determinations is approximately 1.5% for valepotriate contents of 1%. This method is adaptable for routine analysis of crude extracts.     

石斛类叶鞘的显微鉴定研究

商品石斛的植物来源复杂,规格繁多,外形鉴定较困难。为了准确鉴定石斛的品种,对常作为药用的16种石斛属(Dendrobium Sw)植物的叶鞘进行了显微观察,发现其表皮细胞的形状,大小,所含草酸钙结晶的形状、大小、分布等种间区别较明显,可作为鉴别石斛种类的科学依据之一。本文对金钗石斛D.nobile Lindl。等16种石斛的叶鞘表面特征加以描述,并附主要特征图和检索表。     

Potentiation of nerve growth factor-induced elongation of neurites by gelsemiol and 9-hydroxysemperoside aglucone in PC12D cells.

In PC12D cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) increased the proportion of neurite-bearing cells and made neurites longer. A methanol extract of Verbena littoralis H. B. K. collected in Paraguay only slightly potentiated the proportion of PC12D cells with neurites but markedly increased the length of neurites in the presence of NGF (2 ng mL(-1)). The methanol extract was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water followed by further extraction of water fraction with n-butanol. The potentiating activity of NGF-action was observed in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. The n-butanol fraction was separated by silica gel chromatography, monitoring the NGF-potentiating activity to give gelsemiol and 9-hydroxysemperoside aglucone (9-OHSA). Neither compound (30-300 microM) exhibited neurite-inducing activity alone. Gelsemiol (100-300 microM) markedly enhanced an increase in the proportion of neurite-bearing cells and an extension of the neurite length in the presence of NGF (2 ng mL(-1)). Interestingly, in the presence of NGF (2 ng mL(-1)), 9-OHSA (100-300 microM) enhanced the elongation of neurites without affecting the increase in the proportion of cells with neurites. These results suggested that gelsemiol and 9-OHSA were major active components of V. littoralis in the NGF-potentiating action. It was possible that the mechanism of neurite elongation by NGF was different from that of the increase in the proportion of neurite-bearing cells, and that 9-OHSA selectively affected the neurite elongation mechanism.     

HPCL Separation and quantitative determination of valepotriates from Valeriana kilimandascharica

Valepotriates, mainly isovaltrate and valtrate, have been separated and quantitatively estimated by reversed-phase HPLC in the leaves, flowers, stems and rhizomes of VALERIANA KILIMANDASCHARICA. The isovaltrate/valtrate concentration reaches a maximum of 5.89% in the leaves, 3.84% in the flowers, 3.17% in the stems and 5.15% in the rhizomes. A micro Bondapak C (18) column using MeOH-H (2)O mixtures as eluant is suitable for a baseline separation of isovaltrate, valtrate, acevaltrate and baldrinal at UV 254 nm in 15 min and didrovaltrate and IVHD-valtrat at UV 208 nm in 10 min. Relative standard deviation for quantitative determinations is approximately 1.5% for valepotriate contents of 1%. This method is adaptable for routine analysis of crude extracts.     

Scopolia lurida, Dunal; the structure of the leaves and stem

The aerial parts of Scopolia lurida contain large quantities of tropane alkaloids and are a possible source of hyoscyamine and hyoscine. The leaves and stems are very similar to those of Atropa belladonna but they can be distinguished by certain microscopical characters; these include the presence of branched covering trichomes on the leaves and stems of Scopolia lurida and the absence of idioblasts containing microsphenoidal crystals of calcium oxalate from the leaf lamina.     

国产麻黄的形态组织学研究——Ⅰ.北方主产的七种麻黄

据文献记载和作者的调查,我国产麻黄属(Ephedra)植物共有13种3变种1变型。本文报道我国北方生产的7种麻黄生药形态组织学比较研究结果。7种麻黄是:草麻黄Ephedra sinica Stapf、木贼麻黄E.equisetina Bunge、中麻黄E.intermedia Schrenk ex Mey.、膜果麻黄E.przewalskii Stapf,单子麻黄E.monosperma Gmel.ex Mey.、雌雄麻黄E.fedtschenkoae Pauls和细子麻黄E.reaeliana Florin。文中附有生药性状与组织构造特征比较表及生药组织图。     

中药败酱草的形态组织学研究 Ⅰ.败酱科植物

本文对败酱科败酱属的八种植物进行了生药形态组织的比较研究和描述,讨论了几种败酱根茎中周皮的发生部位以及木质部中薄壁组织环带的发生与发展,并指出北京延庆县采到的双蕊败酱与从其模式标本产地辽宁老铁山采得的标本虽然形态上相同,但组织构造上有显著差异。