Primary pelvic hydatid cyst presenting with obstructive uropathy and renal failure.

Primary pelvic hydatid cyst is a rare entity. Pelvic hydatid cysts usually present with pressure symptoms involving adjacent organs (bladder and rectum usually). A case of primary pelvic hydatid cyst presenting with obstructive uropathy leading to chronic renal failure is presented. A combination of preoperative albendazole therapy of 1.2 g/day for 8-12 weeks and surgical excision were effective in alleviating the symptoms and improving the renal function.     

Splenic recurrence of liver hydatid cyst and spleen preserving therapy

Hydatid cyst disease remains a considerable public health problem, especially in pastoral and farming regions. Although the spleen is the third most commonly affected organ after the liver and lungs, splenic hydatid cyst is an uncommon entity even in areas that are endemic for echinococcosis. The recurrence rate after surgical therapy of the liver hydatid cyst is reported as 6.8-22.3 percent. Recurrences most frequently occur in the liver. Extrahepatic recurrences occur in the lung or peritoneum and the serosa of the abdominal organs. Splenic recurrence of liver hydatid cyst has not previously been reported. The most common surgical therapy is splenectomy, and the other option is spleen preserving surgery. We report the first case of recurrent splenic hydatid cyst in the spleen and liver synchronously after surgical therapy for liver hydatid disease. The patient was treated with liver resection and spleen preserving surgery.     

Continuous long-term albendazole therapy in intraabdominal cystic echinococcosis

Ａｌｂｅｎｄａｚｏｌｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｃｙｓｔｉｃｅｃｈｉｎｏｃｏｃｃｏｓｉｓ ,ｂｕｔｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｆｅｗｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍｆｏｌｌｏｗ ｕｐｒｅｓｕｌｔｓａｒｅａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｔｏｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍｅｆｆｉｃａｃｙａｎｄｓａｆｅｔｙ Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙ ,ｗｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｕｐ 15ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｈｏｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍａｌｂｅｎｄａｚｏｌｅｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ;ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｔｈｅｒａｐｅ…     

双侧卵巢巨大子宫内膜异位囊肿误诊及文献复习

目的分析1例双侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿术前误诊的相关因素,HE4检测对上皮性卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断的价值,提高该病的术前诊断准确率,为制定手术计划、判断预后提供依据。方法回顾性分析本院2019年8月收治的1例巨大双侧子宫内膜异位囊肿患者的临床表现、CT等影像学检查、肿瘤标志物检查、术前诊断、术中所见、术后病理等,探讨总结误诊的原因。结果术前腹部CT检查显示:腹腔、盆腔多发囊实混合性占位性病变,考虑恶性肿瘤性病变。术前两次CA125分别为:2128 U/mL、3637 U/mL,HE4分别为>1500 U/mL、316.4 U/mL,体检:腹膨隆,脐上4横指触及一巨大囊实性肿物。2019年8月15日在喉罩全麻下“经腹双侧附件切除+盆腔巨大肿物切除+全子宫切除+阴道顶悬吊术+大网膜切除+重度盆腔粘连松解术”。术后病理结果显示:子宫内膜样囊肿。结论生育龄妇女患者盆腹腔巨大囊实性肿物,术前两次CA125检查呈上升趋势,但HE4明显下降,提示HE4检测可用于卵巢良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断。     

Huge omental hydatid cyst: a case report

Omental hydatid cyst is a rare cause of intra-abdominal hydatids. A 38-year-old female was presented with complaint of progressive abdominal distension. USG revealed a cystic lesion involving almost whole of the abdominal cavity. The patient was operated on and the cyst was removed followed with a course of albendazole.     

Treatment of intracranial hydatid cysts

Background  Echinococcosis is still endemic in many countries, including China, where it is especially prevalent in the northwest. The aim of this study was to enrich the international literature about the treatment of intracranial hydatid cysts.

Methods  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, radiological manifestations, and surgical outcome of 97 patients with intracranial hydatid cysts, who received surgical treatment at the Neurosurgical Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 1985 to 2010 and followed up the patient via sending a questionnaire or telephone contact. Clinical outcome was evaluated using the Karnofsky Performance Scale Index.

Results  Headache and vomiting were the most common initial symptoms in our patients. Neurological deficits caused by the mass effect of the cysts were seen in 82 cases. On the X-ray, significant bone erosion was seen in only two cases with epidural hydatid cysts. Round-shaped and thin-walled homogeneous low-density cystic lesions without surrounding edema and enhancement were the main findings on computerized tomography (CT) in 95 patients with intraparenchymal hydatid cysts, while two cases with epidural hydatid cysts presented as a heterodensity lesions. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hydatid cyst presented as a round-shaped low signal lesion in T1-weighted images and high signal lesion in T2-weighted images, without enhancement after contrast media injection, while the two cases with epidural cysts presented as mixed signal masses. Surgical removal of cyst was performed in all cases. Total removal was achieved in 93 cases without rupturing the cyst wall. Only two cysts ruptured during the dissection, resulting in two surgery-related mortalities. There was no other additional neurological deficit caused directly by surgery. In 97.2% of the patients, the Karnofsky Performance Scale score was 80 to 90 at the last follow-up.

Conclusions  Intracranial hydatid cyst is still a main cause of increased intracranial pressure among the patients in endemic areas for echinococcosis. CT and MRI are the best diagnostic methods and surgery is the treatment of choice for intracranial hydatid cysts.

     

Clinical Experience in Treating Intracranial Hydatid Cysts: Report of 97 Cases

Background: Echinococcosis is still endemic in many countries, including China, especially in its north-west part, but the world literature which describes the Chinese experience in treating the cerebral hydatid cyst is still lacking. In this report, clinical manifestations, radiological features and surgical outcomes of 97 patients with intracranial hydatid cysts were analyzed and the transmission pattern, preoperative diagnosis, treatment methods and long-term outcome were discussed. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features ( neurological symptoms and signs), radiological manifestations( X-ray, CT, MRI) and surgical outcome of 97 patients with intracranial hydatid cysts whom received surgical treatment at the neurosurgical department of Xinjiang Medical University between the year 1985 to 2010.We have followed up the patients via sending questionnaire or telephone contact. Clinical outcome was evaluated by using Karnofsky Performance Scale Index (KPSI). Results: Headache and vomiting were the most common initial symptoms in our patients. Neurological deficits caused by the mass effect of the cysts were seen in 82 cases, which include hemiparesis, visual deficit, diplopia and aphasia. Epilepsy was occurred in five patients with hemispheric hydatid cysts. On X-Ray, significant bone erosion was seen in only two cases with epidural hydatid cysts. Round shaped and thin walled homogeneous low-density cystic lesion without surrounding edema and enhancement were the main findings on CT in 95 patients with intraparenchymal hydatid cysts, while two cases with epidural hydatid cysts were manifested as a heterodensity lesions. On MRI, Hydatid cyst was manifested as a round low signal lesion in T1-Weighted images and high signal lesion in T2-weighted images, without enhancement after contrast media injection, while the two cases with epidural cysts were manifested as mixed signal masses. Surgical removal of cyst was performed in all cases. Total removal was achieved in 93 cases without rupturing the cyst wall. Only two cysts ruptured during the dissection, resulted in two surgery related mortality. There was no other additional neurological deficit caused directly by surgery. Patient outcome was 97.2% with Karnofsky Performance Scale score 80 to 90. Conclusion: Intracranial hydatid cyst is still a main cause of increased intracranial pressure among the patients in endemic areas. CT and MRI have been proven to be the best diagnostic modality for diagnosing intracranial hydatid cyst. Surgery is the treatment of choice for intracranial hydatid cyst whenever possible.     

Bone hydatid disease

Bone hydatid disease lacks a typical clinical appearance and image characteristics on x ray or CT are similar to those of tuberculosis, metastases and giant cell tumour or bone cysts. However, MRI does show distinctive diagnostic features of bone hydatid disease, especially in the spine. Until recently, treatment of osseous hydatid disease has been entirely surgical. Effective chemotherapy using benzimidazoles, particularly mebendazole, albendazole and combination treatments, has now been achieved in experimental studies and clinical practice. However, most of these drugs are still in the experimental stage or are in the early stages of clinical use.     

肝包虫囊肿钙化并多发结石4例

目的分析钙化性肝包虫囊肿并发结石的原因、诊断及治疗。方法依据病史,体征及B超、CT、包虫皮试作出诊断,4例病人均经手术治疗。结果术中证实为钙化单发性包虫囊肿与肝内胆道瘘,其中1例并腹腔破裂,经手术治愈。结论包虫囊肿结石甚为少见,它的形成与胆汁漏入其内及感染有关;有结石的包虫外囊壁均有钙化,囊壁钙化与结石形成之间的关系尚不清楚;包虫囊肿内结石均为多发性小结石。充满囊腔。本病的治疗与破裂肝包虫病的治疗相同。     

骆驼蓬总碱治疗小鼠腹腔细粒棘球蚴病的实验研究

目的：观察骆驼蓬总碱与丙硫咪唑及骆驼蓬总碱的主要成份之一哈尔明碱、单一或联合用药对小鼠膜腔成熟包虫囊的作用。方法：在不同的药物处理治疗下,以包虫囊肿发育的外观形态变化、囊重（抑制率）、包虫囊壁的病理改变、电镜下超微结构改变为评价指标。结果：联合用药组平均囊重明显少于单一用药组,电镜的结果病理损伤程度重于单一用药组,单一用药组与对照组相比,疗效差异显著,单一骆驼蓬总碱与丙硫咪唑相比,囊重、病理改变等无明显差异。结论：（1）骆驼蓬总碱与丙硫咪唑联合用药,对成熟包虫囊有抑制作用,优于单一用药。（2）骆驼蓬总碱、丙硫咪唑对成熟包虫囊的抑制作用相当。（3）哈尔明碱对成熟包虫囊有抑制作用,但差于骆驼蓬总碱。     

34例肝包虫CT诊断与分析

目的探讨肝包虫病的CT表现特征和病理基础,评价CT对肝包虫病的诊断价值。方法34例经手术病理证实的肝包虫患者,对其术前CT资料作回顾性对照分析。结果34例肝包虫诊断正确33例,误诊l例,诊断正确率为97．05％。结论肝包虫病有特征性的CT表现,CT可反映肝包虫不同时期的特征性病理改变,有很高的诊断价值。     

苗勒氏管囊肿蒂扭转并发膀胱癌1例

回顾分析江苏省中医院收治的1例苗勒氏管囊肿蒂扭转并发膀胱癌患者的诊治过程，患者在全麻下行“经腹右侧附件切除+盆腔粘连松解+膀胱镜检术 ”，术后病理诊断为苗勒氏管源性囊肿、(膀胱)乳头状尿路上皮癌，低级别。术后予进一步化疗，后期随访患者各项指标均正常，未诉明显不适。B超、CT及MRI均可发现苗勒氏管囊性包块，确诊需依据组织病理学检查，囊肿多为良性，手术切除安全有效。     

11例肝包虫外囊剥除术临床初步观察

目的：探讨肝包虫外囊剥除术治疗肝包虫病的疗效。方珐：采用肝包虫外囊剥除术治疗11例肝包虫病患者。结果：全组病人术后恢复良好，无胆瘘、出血、感染等并发症。结论：肝包虫外囊剥除术治疗肝包虫病是一种合理而可行的新术式，可解决以往传统的内囊摘除术由于囊液外溢导致的复发问题，远期临床疗效尚需积累更多的病例和进行更长期的随访以进一步观察。     

肝包虫术后残腔并发症的防治(附173例报告)

目的讨论肝包虫内囊摘除术后残腔并发症的防治方法。方法回顾分析我院1960年1月至2004年1月肝包虫内囊摘除术后外囊残腔并发症173例,占同期肝包虫手术的17．49％(173／989)。其中残腔感染104例(60．12％),残腔出血2例(1．16％),残腔胆汁漏51例(29．48％),钙化残腔不闭合13例(7．51％),残腔消化道瘘3例(1．73％)。87例(50．29％)经再次手术治疗。结果术后腹腔感染7例(8．05％),伤口感染11例(12．64％),肺部感染4例(4．6％),死亡3例(1．73％)。本组治愈率为98．27％。结论肝包虫内囊摘除术后残腔并发症发生率较高,其中以残腔感染及胆汁漏最为常见,部分病例治疗甚为困难,严重影响病人的生活质量甚至生命。包虫囊肿完整切除可有效地预防术后残腔并发症。近来有人提出包虫外囊与肝组织之间有一层疏松的结缔组织称为“外科膜”,该膜有利于包虫囊肿完整切除。作者认为包虫囊肿完整切除应根据病人的全身及局部情况和术者的经验而定,不可盲目从事。     

CT导引下肝肾囊肿硬化剂治疗的临床应用分析

目的评价肝、肾囊肿CT导引下经皮硬化剂治疗的疗效。方法先行CT扫描定位。41例41个囊肿用24G、21G穿刺抽吸针抽吸或引流管,一次或多次抽吸囊液并注入硬化剂无水酒精到囊腔内。囊肿直径为4～19cm,抽出囊液30～2700mL。其中肝囊肿30例30个囊肿,5例5个肝大囊肿分3次抽吸;肾囊肿11例11个囊肿。结果有5例大肝囊肿3次抽吸,但是2例不能完全抽尽,复查CT见囊肿仍较大,行外科手术治疗。其中1例肝大囊肿穿刺术中囊肿破裂,有囊液溢出,造成腹膜炎,急行普外手术。随访38例囊肿3个月～2年,疗效明显,其中37例中、小囊肿消失或仅留不规则小囊腔,其中1例术前18cm×14cm×11cm的大囊肿囊腔仍有6cm×8cm×5cm大小。结论CT导引下经皮硬化剂治疗肝、肾囊肿是一种危险性小、并发症少而疗效好的方法,但大囊肿疗效差。     

Pulmonary Hydatid : Diagnosis and Response to Hypertonic Saline Irrigation and Albendazole

Background

Pulmonary hydatid is caused by larval stage of parasite Echinococcus granulosus. Although surgery still remains the definitive therapy, various workers have tried albendazole and sterilization of cysts with varying result.

Methods

32 patients(21 males, 11 females) of pulmonary hydatid disease with average age 32.5 years(21-51 years) treated by us between Jan 97 to Apr 2001 were analysed. Diagnosis was established clinically, radiologically and by serological testing. 16 patients who had simple cyst were treated with 20 ml percutaneous hypertonic(20%) saline irrigation of the cyst along with albendazole (400 mg twice a day, 6 cycles of 4 weeks with 2 weeks drug free period between the cycles). 13 patients of complicated cysts were treated with 6 cycles of albendazole. All cases were followed up for one year. 16 patients including three fresh cases were subjected to surgical resection.

Results

Pleural involvement was noted in 10 patients. On chest radiography 19 patients had homogenous oval or circular cysts, 6 patients had crescent sign and 10 had water lily sign. After percutaneous hypertonic saline irrigation all patients showed initial regression in size and developed complicated cysts with water lily sign but subsequently there was no regression. Of 13 patients treated with albendazole, 3 patients showed complete resolution and 2 patients showed regression of cyst. All these 5 patients had shown regression during first cycle of albendazole. 16 patients were subjected to surgery (6 after saline irrigation, 7 after albendazole course and 3 fresh cases). No difference was noted in these groups on histopathological examination.

Conclusion

From this study it was evident that those patients who demonstrate regression in size during first cycle of albendazole are likely to benefit and improve with further cycles of it. Those who do not respond should be subjected to surgery. Result of percutaneous hypertonicsaline irrigation as scolicidal was not encouraging.Key Words: Albendazole, Complicated cyst, Hypertonic saline irrigation, Pulmonary hydatid     

Life-threatening liver laceration with arterial hemorrhage complicating percutaneous treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst

We present a 76-year-old woman known to have a large right hepatic lobe hydatid cyst which recurred twice after surgical excision. CT-guided percutaneous alcohol ablation was conducted to sclerose the cyst, but the procedure was complicated by parenchymal liver laceration and active arterial hemorrhage from a branch of the right hepatic artery. Bleeding was controlled by both endovascular and surgical interventions. Liver laceration with arterial hemorrhage is a rare not previously reported serious complication of percutaneous treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst that may be potentially life-threatening.     

肾包虫囊肿的CT诊断(附3例报告)

本文报告经手术证实的3例肾包虫囊肿的CT表现。其特征性表现是:(1)卵圆形或圆形水样密度囊肿。(2)母囊内有子囊。(3)囊膜剥离征象。(4)囊壁钙化。并讨论了本病的破裂感染和与先天性肾囊肿的鉴别诊断。     

细粒棘球绦虫(中国大陆株)诊断抗原P-29重组蛋白的免疫保护性研究

目的:探讨细粒棘球蚴(Eg)诊断抗原P-29重组蛋白的免疫保护性及其作为候选疫苗的潜在价值.方法:ICR小鼠随机分为蛋白免疫组和佐剂对照组,每隔2wk皮下免疫1次,在第3次免疫后2wk,用Eg原头蚴进行攻击感染,感染后20wk剖杀小鼠,检获棘球蚴包囊,计算免疫保护力,并用ELISA法测定血清中IgG及其亚型和IgE水平.结果:与佐剂对照组比较,蛋白免疫组小鼠的免疫保护力为96.6%;与免疫前比较,免疫后和攻击感染后蛋白免疫组小鼠血清IgG,IgG1,IgG2a和IgE水平均明显升高(P<0.05),IgG2b降低(P<0.05).结论:细粒棘球绦虫诊断抗原P-29重组蛋白能诱导小鼠产生一定的保护性免疫,是潜在的疫苗候选抗原分子.     

Uncommon locations of hydatid cysts

Human echinococcosis remains a complex problem that may affect several organs, and requires mostly surgical management. We present two cases with uncommon locations of hydatid cysts that were successfully managed in our hospital during the last two years. The first case was a 62-year-old woman with a multicystic lesion in her right thigh that was radically excised, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of echinococcosis. The second case was a 78-year-old man with multiple large intraabdominal hydatid cysts that required a complex operation, including splenectomy, partial removal of the liver cyst wall and evacuation of the content, and excision of pelvic, mesenteric cysts, and suprahepatic cysts. Both cases have not shown any sign of recurrence to date. Since the disease is still endemic in certain parts of the world and pharmaceutical agents are not radical, specific surgical procedures remain the treatment of choice with good results and acceptable morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates.