共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Sonu Bhaskar Kolsoum Saeidi Parvin Borhani Houshang Amiri 《The European journal of neuroscience》2013,38(11):3540-3551
Migraine is characterised by debilitating pain, which affects the quality of life in affected patients in both the western and the eastern worlds. The purpose of this article is to give a detailed outline of the pathophysiology of migraine pain, which is one of the most confounding pathologies among pain disorders in clinical conditions. We critically evaluate the scientific basis of various theories concerning migraine pathophysiology, and draw insights from brain imaging approaches that have unraveled the prevalence of cortical spreading depression (CSD) in migraine. The findings supporting the role of CSD as a physiological substrate in clinical pain are discussed. We also give an exhaustive overview of brain imaging approaches that have been employed to solve the genesis of migraine pain, and its possible links to the brainstem, the neocortex, genetic endophenotypes, and pathogenetic factors (such as dopaminergic hypersensitivity). Furthermore, a roadmap is proposed to provide a better understanding of pain pathophysiology in migraine, to enable the development of strategies using leads from brain imaging studies for the identification of early biomarkers, efficient prognosis, and treatment planning, which eventually may help in alleviating some of the devastating impact of pain morbidity in patients afflicted with migraine. 相似文献
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Changes in orexinergic immunoreactivity of the piglet hypothalamus and pons after exposure to chronic postnatal nicotine and intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia
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Nicholas J. Hunt Benjamin Russell Man K. Du Karen A. Waters Rita Machaalani 《The European journal of neuroscience》2016,43(12):1612-1622
We recently showed that orexin expression in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants was reduced by 21% in the hypothalamus and by 40–50% in the pons as compared with controls. Orexin maintains wakefulness/sleeping states, arousal, and rapid eye movement sleep, abnormalities of which have been reported in SIDS. This study examined the effects of two prominent risk factors for SIDS, intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) (prone‐sleeping) and chronic nicotine exposure (cigarette‐smoking), on orexin A (OxA) and orexin B (OxB) expression in piglets. Piglets were randomly assigned to five groups: saline control (n = 7), air control (n = 7), nicotine [2 mg/kg per day (14 days)] (n = 7), IHH (6 min of 7% O2/8% CO2 alternating with 6‐min periods of breathing air, for four cycles) (n = 7), and the combination of nicotine and IHH (N + IHH) (n = 7). OxA/OxB expression was quantified in the central tuberal hypothalamus [dorsal medial hypothalamus (DMH), perifornical area (PeF), and lateral hypothalamus], and the dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus of the pons. Nicotine and N + IHH exposures significantly increased: (i) orexin expression in the hypothalamus and pons; and (ii) the total number of neurons in the DMH and PeF. IHH decreased orexin expression in the hypothalamus and pons without changing neuronal numbers. Linear relationships existed between the percentage of orexin‐positive neurons and the area of pontine orexin immunoreactivity of control and exposure piglets. These results demonstrate that postnatal nicotine exposure increases the proportion of orexin‐positive neurons in the hypothalamus and fibre expression in the pons, and that IHH exposure does not prevent the nicotine‐induced increase. Thus, although both nicotine and IHH are risk factors for SIDS, it appears they have opposing effects on OxA and OxB expression, with the IHH exposure closely mimicking what we recently found in SIDS. 相似文献
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Eric A. Horne Jonathan Coy Katie Swinney Susan Fung Allison E. T. Cherry William R. Marrs Alipi V. Naydenov Yi Hsing Lin Xiaocui Sun C. Dirk Keene Eric Grouzmann Paul Muchowski Gillian P. Bates Ken Mackie Nephi Stella 《The European journal of neuroscience》2013,37(3):429-440
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 receptor) controls several neuronal functions, including neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, gene expression and neuronal viability. Downregulation of CB1 expression in the basal ganglia of patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and animal models represents one of the earliest molecular events induced by mutant huntingtin (mHtt). This early disruption of neuronal CB1 signaling is thought to contribute to HD symptoms and neurodegeneration. Here we determined whether CB1 downregulation measured in patients with HD and mouse models was ubiquitous or restricted to specific striatal neuronal subpopulations. Using unbiased semi‐quantitative immunohistochemistry, we confirmed previous studies showing that CB1 expression is downregulated in medium spiny neurons of the indirect pathway, and found that CB1 is also downregulated in neuropeptide Y (NPY)/neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)‐expressing interneurons while remaining unchanged in parvalbumin‐ and calretinin‐expressing interneurons. CB1 downregulation in striatal NPY/nNOS‐expressing interneurons occurs in R6/2 mice, HdhQ150/Q150 mice and the caudate nucleus of patients with HD. In R6/2 mice, CB1 downregulation in NPY/nNOS‐expressing interneurons correlates with diffuse expression of mHtt in the soma. This downregulation also occludes the ability of cannabinoid agonists to activate the pro‐survival signaling molecule cAMP response element‐binding protein in NPY/nNOS‐expressing interneurons. Loss of CB1 signaling in NPY/nNOS‐expressing interneurons could contribute to the impairment of basal ganglia functions linked to HD. 相似文献
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Federico Zara Nicola Specchio Pasquale Striano Angela Robbiano Elena Gennaro Roberta Paravidino Nicola Vanni Francesca Beccaria Giuseppe Capovilla Amedeo Bianchi Lorella Caffi Viviana Cardilli Francesca Darra Bernardo Dalla Bernardina Lucia Fusco Roberto Gaggero Lucio Giordano Renzo Guerrini Gemma Incorpora Massimo Mastrangelo Luigina Spaccini Anna Maria Laverda Marilena Vecchi Francesca Vanadia Pierangelo Veggiotti Maurizio Viri Guya Occhi Mauro Budetta Maurizio Taglialatela Domenico A. Coviello Federico Vigevano Carlo Minetti 《Epilepsia》2013,54(3):425-436
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Carine Signoret Etienne Gaudrain Fabien Perrin 《The European journal of neuroscience》2013,37(5):777-785
Recent human behavioral studies have shown semantic and/or lexical processing for stimuli presented below the auditory perception threshold. Here, we investigated electroencephalographic responses to words, pseudo‐words and complex sounds, in conditions where phonological and lexical categorizations were behaviorally successful (categorized stimuli) or unsuccessful (uncategorized stimuli). Data showed a greater decrease in low‐beta power at left‐hemisphere temporal electrodes for categorized non‐lexical sounds (complex sounds and pseudo‐words) than for categorized lexical sounds (words), consistent with the signature of a failure in lexical access. Similar differences between lexical and non‐lexical sounds were observed for uncategorized stimuli, although these stimuli did not yield evoked potentials or theta activity. The results of the present study suggest that behaviorally uncategorized stimuli were processed at the lexical level, and provide evidence of the neural bases of the results observed in previous behavioral studies investigating auditory perception in the absence of stimulus awareness. 相似文献
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Accuracy of arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perfusion in detecting the epileptogenic zone in patients with drug‐resistant neocortical epilepsy: comparison with electrophysiological data,structural MRI,SISCOM and FDG‐PET
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A. Sierra‐Marcos M. Carreño X. Setoain A. López‐Rueda J. Aparicio A. Donaire N. Bargalló 《European journal of neurology》2016,23(1):160-167
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Isabelle Wirsching Mathias Buttmann Thorsten Odorfer Jens Volkmann Joseph Classen Daniel Zeller 《The European journal of neuroscience》2018,47(3):251-257
In relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS), the symptoms of a clinical relapse subside over time. Neuroplasticity is believed to play an important compensatory role. In this study, we assessed excitability‐decreasing plasticity during an acute relapse of MS and 12 weeks afterwards. Motor plasticity was examined in 19 patients with clinically isolated syndrome or RRMS during a steroid‐treated relapse (t1) and 12 weeks afterwards (t2) using paired‐associative stimulation (PAS10). This method combines repetitive electric nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex to model long‐term synaptic depression in the human cortex. Additionally, 19 age‐matched healthy controls were assessed. Motor‐evoked potentials of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were recorded before and after intervention. Clinical disability was assessed by the multiple sclerosis functional composite and the subscore of the nine‐hole peg test taken as a measure of hand function. The effect of PAS10 was significantly different between controls and patients; at t1, but not at t2, baseline‐normalized postinterventional amplitudes were significantly higher in patients (106 [IQR 98–137] % post10–15 and 111 [IQR 88–133] % post20–25) compared to controls (92 [IQR 85–111] % and 90 [IQR 75–102] %). Additional exploratory analysis indicated a potentially excitability‐enhancing effect of PAS10 in patients as opposed to controls. Significant clinical improvement between t1 and t2 was not correlated with PAS10 effects. Our results indicate an alteration of PAS10‐induced synaptic plasticity during relapse, presumably reflecting a polarity shift due to metaplastic processes within the motor cortex. Further studies will need to elucidate the functional significance of such changes for the clinical course of MS. 相似文献
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Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels: marker of progression to generalized amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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R. Tortelli M. Copetti M. Ruggieri R. Cortese R. Capozzo A. Leo E. D'Errico M. Mastrapasqua S. Zoccolella F. Pellegrini I. L. Simone G. Logroscino 《European journal of neurology》2015,22(1):215-218
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Distress‐dependent temporal variability of regions encoding domain‐specific and domain‐general behavioral manifestations of phantom percepts
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Anusha Mohan Dirk De Ridder Rajith Idiculla Clisha DSouza Sven Vanneste 《The European journal of neuroscience》2018,48(2):1743-1764
Tinnitus is the perception of a phantom sound characterized behaviorally by a loudness and a distress component. Although a wealth of information is available about the relationship between these behavioral correlates and changes in static functional connectivity, its relationship with dynamic changes in network connectivity is yet unexplored. The aim of this study was thus to investigate changes in the flexibility and stability of temporal variability in tinnitus and its relation to loudness and distress using continuous resting‐state EEG. We observe an increase in temporal variability at the whole‐brain level in tinnitus, which is spatiotemporally distributed at the nodal level. Behaviorally, we observe changes in the relationship between temporal variability and loudness and distress depending on the amount of distress experienced. In patients with low distress, there is no relationship between temporal variability and loudness or distress, demonstrating a resilience in dynamic connectivity of the brain. However, patients with high distress exhibit a direct relationship with increasing loudness in the primary auditory cortex and parahippocampus, and an inverse relationship with increasing distress in the parahippocampus. In tinnitus, the specific sensory (loudness) component related to increased temporal variability possibly reflects a Bayesian search for updating deafferentation‐based missing information. On the other hand, the decreased temporal variability related to the nonspecific distress component possibly reflects a more hard‐wired or less adaptive contextual processing. Therefore, our findings may reveal a way to understand the changes in network dynamics not just in tinnitus, but also in other brain disorders. 相似文献
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Extrapolating evidence of antiepileptic drug efficacy in adults to children ≥2 years of age with focal seizures: The case for disease similarity
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Alexis Arzimanoglou O'Neill D'Cruz Gregory L. Holmes Douglas Nordli Shlomo Shinnar the Pediatric Epilepsy Academic Consortium for Extrapolation 《Epilepsia》2017,58(10):1686-1696
Expediting pediatric access to new antiseizure drugs is particularly compelling, because epileptic seizures are the most common serious neurological symptom in children. Analysis of antiepileptic drug (AED) efficacy outcomes of randomized controlled trials, conducted during the past 20 years in different populations and a broad range of study sites and countries, has shown considerable consistency for each drug between adult and pediatric populations. Historically, the majority of regulatory approvals for AEDs have been for seizure types and not for specific epilepsy syndromes. Available data, both anatomical and neurophysiological, support a similar pathophysiology of focal seizures in adults and young children, and suggest that by age 2 years the structural and physiological milieu upon which seizures develop is similar. Although the distribution of specific etiologies and epilepsy syndromes is different in children from in adults, this should not impact approvals of efficacy based on seizure type, because the pathophysiology of focal seizures and the drug responsiveness of these seizure types are quite similar. Safety and pharmacokinetics cannot be extrapolated from adults to children. The scientific rationale, clinical consensus, and published data support a future approach accepting efficacy data from adult trials and focusing exclusively on prospective pharmacokinetic, tolerability, and safety studies and long‐term follow‐up in children. Whereas tolerability studies can be compared easily in children and adults, safety studies require large numbers of patients followed for many years. 相似文献
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Prasanna Jayakar William D. Gaillard Manjari Tripathi Mark H. Libenson Gary W. Mathern J. Helen Cross The Task Force for Paediatric Epilepsy Surgery Commission for Paediatrics and the Diagnostic Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy 《Epilepsia》2014,55(4):507-518
Epilepsy surgery is highly successful in achieving seizure freedom in carefully selected children with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. Advances in technology have aided presurgical evaluation and increased the number of possible candidates. Many of the tests employed are resource intense, and in specific cases they may be unhelpful or have adverse effects. Some standardization of the evaluation process is thus considered timely. Given the lack of class 1 or 2 evidence defining the relative utility of each test in specific clinicopathologic cohorts, a set of expert recommendations was attempted using consensus among members of the Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commissions of Pediatrics and Diagnostics These recommendations aim to limit fringe over or underutilization of use while retaining substantial flexibility in the use of various tests, in keeping with most standard practices at established pediatric epilepsy centers. A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here . 相似文献
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Sungwoo Ahn S. Elizabeth Zauber Robert M. Worth Thomas Witt Leonid L. Rubchinsky 《The European journal of neuroscience》2015,42(5):2164-2171
Parkinson's disease pathophysiology is marked by increased oscillatory and synchronous activity in the beta frequency band in cortical and basal ganglia circuits. This study explores the functional connections between synchronized dynamics of cortical areas and synchronized dynamics of subcortical areas in Parkinson's disease. We simultaneously recorded neuronal units (spikes) and local field potentials (LFP) from subthalamic nucleus (STN) and electroencephalograms (EEGs) from the scalp in parkinsonian patients, and analysed the correlation between the time courses of the spike–LFP synchronization and inter‐electrode EEG synchronization. We found the (non‐invasively obtained) time course of the synchrony strength between EEG electrodes and the (invasively obtained) time course of the synchrony between spiking units and LFP in STN to be weakly, but significantly, correlated with each other. This correlation is largest for the bilateral motor EEG synchronization, followed by bilateral frontal EEG synchronization. Our observations suggest that there may be multiple functional modes by which the cortical and basal ganglia circuits interact with each other in Parkinson's disease: not only may synchronization be observed between some areas in cortex and the basal ganglia, but also synchronization within cortex and within basal ganglia may be related, suggesting potentially a more global functional interaction. More coherent dynamics in one brain region may modulate or activate the dynamics of another brain region in a more powerful way, causing correlations between changes in synchrony strength in the two regions. 相似文献
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