对孕妇进行预防接种健康教育的效果评价

目的：探讨健康教育对上海市闸北区孕妇关于预防接种知识认知的影响和效果。方法：采用德尔菲专家咨询法制定健康教育策略,对2013年119名在上海市闸北区中心医院和上海市第十人民医院分娩的孕妇进行预防接种相关知识健康教育,以问卷的形式在健康教育前后进行2次调查,对健康教育效果进行评价。结果：健康教育后,孕妇预防接种基础知识知晓率大于95.0%、疫苗分类知识知晓率92.3%,免疫规划疫苗知晓率、二类疫苗代替免疫规划疫苗等的知晓率均提高（P＜0.01）。结论：孕妇对预防接种的认知有待提高,开展有针对性的健康教育可以有效提高孕妇在这方面的认知水平。     

对社区孕产妇进行产前健康教育的效果分析

目的探讨进行产前健康教育对社区孕妇分娩所产生的影响。方法自2009年10月至2011年11月期间对所在社区的125例孕妇实施产前健康教育活动,将其作为实验组,再将125例同期在产科门诊进行常规产检的孕妇作为对照组,比较两组孕妇的分娩方式、自然分娩时间、产后出血量及新生儿窒息发生率等。结果实验组孕妇的自然分娩率高于对照组,而实验组孕妇的剖宫产率低于对照组,两组之间相比差异显著(P<0.05);对照组的第一产程、第二产程与第三产程时间与实验组相比均较长,两组相比差异显著(P<0.05);对照组产后出血例数与新生儿窒息率均高于实验组(P<0.05),两组相比差异具有统计学意义。结论对孕妇在产前进行健康教育能够有效避免产前与产后发生并发症,对保证母婴身体健康具有重要意义。     

某社区孕妇孕期保健知识认知情况调查

目的了解社区孕妇对孕期保健知识的认知情况,为实施健康教育提供参考依据。方法随机抽取2019年1—5月到某社区卫生服务中心就诊的100名孕妇,在初次建卡时对他们进行孕期保健知识问卷调查。结果孕妇对怀孕早期呕吐频繁不能进食时需处理、怀孕3个月内禁止性生活、监测胎动方法、孕妇乳房过小影响乳汁分泌、患贫血的孕妇容易发生产后流血的知识知晓率相对较低,分别为68%、83%、81%、70%、70%。孕期相关知识与孕妇年龄有关,与文化程度、已生育次数、户籍无关(P>0.05)。结论在孕妇初次建册时进行孕期问卷知识调查有利于提高孕妇自我保健能力,社区医护人员应通过不同途径、不同方式对孕妇进行有针对性的健康教育。     

产科健康教育探讨

目的：使孕产妇减少心理和生理问题。方法：对孕产妇实施科学规范的健康教育。结果：良好的健康教育不仅可以有效提高孕产妇及其家属的护理技能，预防孕产妇并发症的发生，而且也可以增强孕产妇及其家属对医护人员的满意度．从而有效防止医患纠纷的发生。结论：实施科学规范的健康教育尤为迫切和必要。     

台州市椒江区孕妇营养健康教育效果分析

目的了解椒江区初次怀孕妇女的营养知识知晓率和相关食物的摄入频率及干预的方法和效果,评价健康教育在提高孕妇营养知识中的作用,为今后的健康教育工作提供技术依据。方法按照保健卡编号随机挑选20岁～30岁初次怀孕、孕周小于12周的100名孕妇作为研究对象,采用t检验和F检验评价健康教育的效果。结果干预前100名孕妇的问卷总平均得分为17.0分,干预后提高到18.3分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.846,P<0.01)。干预后孕妇营养知识和行为的得分均高于干预前(P<0.05),孕妇摄入牛奶、豆制品等与孕妇及胎儿健康密切相关的食物的频率显著提高,但态度的得分和干预前相比无显著差异。结论对孕妇开展营养知识健康教育干预可以提高她们的相关知识知晓率和摄入与孕妇及胎儿健康密切相关食物的频率。     

孕产期健康教育对母婴健康的影响

目的 通过对孕产期健康教育的对照研究，了解健康教育对母婴健康状况的影响，达到提高母婴健康的目的。方法 随机选取孕产妇293例实施系统的健康教育作为实验组，同期住院而未进行健康教育的127例孕产妇作对照组。就健康状况及妊娠结局等方面进行效果评价。结果 实验组高危妊娠发病率为24．23％，低于对照组的35．43％，差异有统计学意义（Х^2=5．56，p〈0．05）；实验组妊娠晚期贫血的发生率为24．91％，明显低于对照组的38．58％，差异有统计学意义（Х^2=8．03，p〈0．01）；实验组顺产率为52．56％，明显高于对照组的30．71％，实验组剖宫产率为47．44％，明显低于对照组的69．29％，两组比较差异有统计学意义（Х^2=17．03，p〈0．01）；实验组纯母乳喂养率为89．80％，明显高于对照组的59．47％，差异有统计学意义（Х^2=53．16，p〈0．01）。结论孕产期健康教育对提高孕产妇自我保健意识和能力，保障母婴健康等方面有重要意义。     

成都市建卡孕妇艾滋病健康教育及效果评价

目的 :探讨在建卡孕妇中开展艾滋病健康教育的可行性和近期效果。方法 :选择成都市、金牛区、武侯区、成华区 4所妇幼保健院 2 0 0 2年 3～ 10月建卡孕妇 ,按预定的干预措施进行健康教育 ,并对干预的近期效果进行评价。结果 :建卡孕妇健康教育后艾滋病相关知识和传播途径应答正确率较健康教育前均有明显提高 ( P<0 .0 0 1)。结论 :在建卡孕妇中开展艾滋病健康教育有效且可行。     

Mental Health During Pregnancy: A Study Comparing Asian, Caucasian and Native Hawaiian Women

Objective: This study examines perinatal mental health issues, ethnic differences, and comorbidity among pregnant women in Hawaii. Methods: Eighty-four participants were recruited from women, ages 18–35, seeking prenatal care on Oahu. They were interviewed at their initial prenatal visit about substance use, depression, and anxiety. Results: Sixty-one percent of women screened positive for at least one mental health issue. Thirteen percent of all pregnant women reported drinking during pregnancy with 5% reporting problem drinking, 15% reported smoking cigarettes on a regular basis, 5% of pregnant women had probable depression, and 13% of pregnant women had probable anxiety. Significant ethnic differences were found in cigarette smoking, with the highest rate among Native Hawaiian women (35%). Native Hawaiian women were also more likely to binge drink. Conclusion: Given the high rates of potential mental health issues in our sample, our findings highlight the importance of screening and treatment for mental health issues early in pregnancy in Hawaii.     

孕妇夫妻双方参与健康教育效果观察

目的:探讨孕妇夫妻双方参与治疗妊娠剧吐健康教育对改善临床症状的效果。方法:随机将120例妊娠剧吐孕妇分为实验组和对照组,实验组孕妇夫妻双方参与妊娠剧吐的健康教育;对照组仅对孕妇本人进行健康教育,观察两组孕妇的疗效情况。结果:实验组病情恢复显著优于对照组,有临床意义(P<0.05)。结论:夫妻双方参与妊娠剧吐的健康教育能有效地改善患者的临床症状,缩短病程,是促进妊娠剧吐孕妇积极配合治疗及保证临床疗效的重要环节。     

孕妇学校规范化管理成效和改进方向

随着我国居民生活水平的不断提高和二胎政策的全面放开,孕产妇对优生优育知识的需求日益激增。孕妇学校作为围产期保健的重要环节,是孕产妇接受孕期健康教育的重要场所。通过为孕产妇及其家庭成员提供科学专业的健康教育、健康咨询与指导服务,有利于孕产妇了解孕产期保健知识,保持孕期身心健康、提高其自我护理和管理的能力,降低剖宫产率,提高母乳喂养率。同时,孕妇学校在一定程度上可体现出一个地区的围产期保健服务水平。     

Pregnant women's perceptions of the Family Health Program concerning barriers to dental care in Pernambuco, Brazil

This study focused on barriers to dental care for pregnant women registered with the Health Family Program in Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil. A qualitative approach using three focal groups was adopted. Each focal group included four to nine pregnant women. The information was analyzed by means of content analysis. The main individual barriers were folk beliefs that discouraged dental care during pregnancy, lack of perceived need, and fear of pain. In addition, the women reported difficulties in leaving home in the early hours of the morning to meet a dental appointment, highlighting an aspect of barriers to dental care which has not been identified in other studies. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of health education for pregnant women, humanization of dental care, and continuing education for health professionals.     

Socio-Economic Inequalities in Health, Habits and Self-Care During Pregnancy in Spain

Socioeconomic disadvantage can be harmful for mother’s health and can influence child’s health long term. The aim of this study is to analyse social inequalities between pregnant women from four INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) cohorts. The analysis included 2,607 pregnant women recruited between 2004 and 2008 from four INMA cohorts. Data on maternal characteristics were collected through two questionnaires completed in the first and third trimester of pregnancy. The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal health, dietary intake, lifestyle habits and self-care related variables was modelled using logistic regression analysis. 33.5 % of women had a university level of education and 47 % had high occupational class. Women with higher SES reported healthier habits, fewer complications during pregnancy, better weight gain control and attended more prenatal appointments than women with lower SES. The risk of sedentary behaviour and passive smoking was higher among women with a lower level of education (OR = 1.7, 95 % CI 1.3–2.2 and OR = 1.6, 95 % CI 1.2–2.3, respectively) and with less skilled occupations (OR = 1.7, 95 % CI 1.4–2.0 and OR = 1.2, 95 % CI 1.0–1.5, respectively). Although both SES indicators—occupation and education—act as social determinants of diet, occupation was a more powerful determinant than education. For other lifestyle and self-caring variables, education was a more powerful predictor than occupation. Social inequalities were observed in health, habits and self-care during pregnancy. Proper care during pregnancy requires the control of common clinical variables and the knowledge of socioeconomic conditions of the pregnant women.     

妊娠期妇女鼻出血的健康教育指导及治疗效果

目的：探讨妊娠期间妇女鼻出血的治疗和健康教育指导的影响。方法筛选从2011年3月至2013年11月收治的64例妊娠期鼻出血患者。对64例患者实施系统的治疗,其中先来就诊的32例患者仅提供了常规护理（将其设为对照组）,后32例患者在常规护理治疗基础上提供健康教育指导（将其设为研究组）,对比两组患者各自的治疗效果、血压情况、是否有并发症发生以及住院时间。结果研究组患者均治愈出院,平均收缩压15．9±1．3kPa（119．5±9．4mmHg）,舒张压9．9±1．0kPa（74．1±7．6mmHg）,无并发症情况发生,2个月后随访调查显示平均出现鼻出血1．4±1．2次;对照组患者均治愈,平均收缩压17．6±1．4 kPa（132．2±10．4mmHg）,舒张压11．1±1．2kPa（83．4±8．8mmHg）,有2例患者出现窒息,3例患者出现中耳炎,2个月后随访调查显示,平均出现鼻出血4．2±2．3次。两组数据对比差异有统计学意义（t＝7．94,P＜0．05）。结论妊娠期鼻出血除了及时治疗外,健康教育也十分必要。     

孕妇被动吸烟干预需求定性研究

目的了解和掌握孕妇被动吸烟知识、态度、行为以及对健康教育需求等方面的看法和建议,为下一步建立无烟家庭提供科学依据和方向。方法采用焦点小组访谈（focus group discussions,FGDs）在四川省4个区县级妇幼保健院进行产前保健的36名被动吸烟孕妇分别进行了4场访谈。访谈内容全部记录和录音,编码后进行分析。结果孕妇被动吸烟的主要环境是家庭,主要来源是丈夫;孕妇及其家人对被动吸烟的概念有一定的认识,大多数人都知道被动吸烟不好,但是对其具体危害认识不足;访谈对象对被动吸烟的健康教育表现出普遍的需求,最想知道的知识是避免被动吸烟的技巧和被动吸烟对胎儿、孕妇的危害,最能接受的教育方式是产前保健门诊医生咨询和专题健康讲座等;建立元烟家庭的主要困难是人际压力和健康相关知识不足。结论。健康教育的内容应该结合受众的需求;健康教育传播需采用综合性方法,活动形式应多种多样;充分发挥家庭中积极分子的作用;利用健康教育材料将信息传递给孕妇的丈夫。     

广州地区976例初产妇孕期健康教育需求分析

目的 探讨孕期妇女对健康教育的需求性.方法 设计自拟问卷,对976例广州地区初产妇进行健康教育需求调查.结果 不同文化程度和工作性质的孕妇对健康教育的需求不同,本科以上学者345人,对健康教育的需求率为100%,与其他文化程度者相比,x2=40.908,P＜0.01,科技工作者、公务员和公司职员均对健康教育有需求(100%);与其他职业者相比,x2=21.084,P＜0.05,问卷结果表明,有664(68.03%)人认为以举办孕妇学校的方式进行教育为首选,830人(85.04%)认为分娩时得到医务人员不断的鼓励和支持需求率最高,849人(86.99%)认为孕期保健知识前10项中以教会自我监测胎动的方法需求率占首位.结论 健康教育能有效提高孕妇的健康知识,帮助孕妇消除紧张恐惧心理,对降低产妇、婴儿死亡率具有重要意义.对孕妇进行健康教育需求调查分析,是制定和完善适合个体化健康教育有效而重要的手段.     

Preconception Wellness: Differences in Health by Immigrant Status

Disparities in health between immigrant and non-immigrant pregnant women in the United States is well documented, but few have documented disparities before pregnancy. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2006), we examined the health of reproductive-aged women (8,095), sorted by immigrant and pregnancy pregnant US-born (P-US), pregnant foreign-born (P-FB), non-pregnant US-born (NP-US), and non-pregnant foreignborn (NP-FB). P-US women were 5.2 times more likely to report illicit drug use than P-FB women. NP-US women were 3.7 times more likely to report illicit drugs use, 45% less likely to have a normal BMI, 2.0 times more likely to binge drink, 7.6 times more likely to smoke, 1.6 times more likely to engage in moderate physical activity, and 1.7 times more likely to use birth control than NP-FB women. The lower prevalence of numerous destructive health behaviors among preconceptional immigrant women is an important finding.     

健康教育对于提高母婴同室护理效果的影响

目的了解母婴同室病房应用新的健康教育模式（产科健康教育挂历包括各种图文并茂、形象生动的图片、宣传画等以及宣教）所取得的健康教育效果。方法随机抽取2009年8月-2010年8月在我院产科住院的240例孕妇作为观察组,同期选取产科病房240例产妇作为对照组,对照组采用传统的功能制健康宣教,观察组采用新的健康教育模式。比较护理干预后两组产后母婴并发症的发生率情况、产后健康教育的综合满意度情况及纯母乳喂养率等。结果干预后观察组产后母婴并发症的发生率、健康教育的综合满意度及纯母乳喂养率等情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论产科健康教育挂历及宣传画是一种新颖的护理干预方法,有效地降低了母婴并发症的发生率,提高了健康教育的满意度,保证了产科护理服务质量,值得临床上推广和应用。     

Health literacy and knowledge of antenatal care among pregnant women

Health literacy has a direct impact on pregnancy from the perspectives of both the mother and the baby. This study aimed to determine the level of health literacy and assess the knowledge of antenatal care among pregnant women. From among all pregnant women who presented to the hospital's obstetric polyclinic during the study's timeline, the study group consisted of 460 women who agreed to take part (492 women were invited and a response rate of 93.5% was achieved). A questionnaire prepared based on the literature in line with the study's objectives was completed by the participants under supervision. The Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32) was used to assess health literacy. In order to determine the women's prenatal care knowledge levels, a total of 20 knowledge-testing statements prepared using the literature were applied, 14 of which were true and six of which were false. The internal consistency of antenatal information questions during pregnancy was made and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.77. It was determined that 33.9% of the participants had a sufficient level of health literacy. Health literacy was sufficient in young married women (19 years and less) in their first pregnancy and those who had regular reading habits, participated in healthcare activities and received postpartum care at a family health clinic (p < 0.05 for each). While the most accurately evaluated statement about antenatal care was ‘It is normal to experience nausea/vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy’, the least accurately evaluated statement was ‘Over 35% of women incorrectly believed it was normal to gain 20 kg of weight during pregnancy’. It was found that pregnant women with sufficient health literacy had higher levels of knowledge about antenatal care (p < 0.05). In this study, it was determined that approximately two-thirds of the participants had insufficient health literacy and the women with insufficient health literacy had low levels of knowledge about antenatal care.     

Interdisciplinary Community-Based Oral Health Program for Women and Children at WIC

Objectives To evaluate the women, infants, and children (WIC) Oral Health Program in a county in Florida. Methods The non-traditional interdisciplinary program of the current study was designed to reach at-risk populations with untreated dental diseases and limited access to care; it provides oral health education, dental screenings, preventive dental services, and referrals for women, children, and families at WIC offices. We evaluated the health status of patients enrolled in the program and the services provided. Results From 2013 to 2016, the program provided dental screenings for 576 children and 180 women. Caries prevalence for 3–5 year olds was 46.0%. Only 6.6% (12/114) of pregnant women were eligible for comprehensive dental care under Medicaid (<?21 years). Further, 71.2% (47/66) of all pregnant women had unmet dental care needs. Conclusions for Practice Our results suggested that many children and women had untreated dental diseases and need preventive services and dental care. Also, many pregnant women were not covered by Medicaid. This program demonstrates that collaboration with the WIC program can improve access to oral health services for underserved populations.     

基于跨理论模型的健康教育对孕妇体质量控制及分娩结局的影响

目的探讨基于跨理论模型的健康教育对孕妇体质量控制及分娩结局的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2019年4月于我院接受产检及分娩的1 000例孕妇,随机平均分为两组。对照组接受常规产前健康教育,观察组接受基于跨理论模型的健康教育。比较两组孕妇的自我管理能力、体质量控制效果及分娩结局。结果干预后,两组的自我管理行为量表评分均高于干预前,且观察组的自我管理行为量表评分高于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组的体质量控制理想率高于对照组,不良妊娠结局发生率低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论基于跨理论模型的健康教育可有效提高孕妇的自我管理能力及孕期体质量控制理想率,改善分娩结局。