外侧三切口入路治疗旋前外旋Ⅳ°踝关节骨折的临床疗效分析

踝关节骨折是临床常见骨折类型,发生率约为187/100 000人[1].临床上按照踝关节骨折Lauge-Hansen分型,旋前外旋型骨折发生率仅次于旋后外旋型骨折[2],Ⅳ°旋前外旋型踝关节骨折更是临床较严重的踝关节损伤,其致伤原因是足处于旋前位以及踝穴内距骨受到外旋暴力,引起踝关节内、前、外、后以及下胫腓联合损伤,下...     

锚钉修复三角韧带结合内固定治疗旋前外旋Ⅳ度踝关节骨折

目的探讨应用锚钉修复三角韧带损伤结合钢板螺钉内固定治疗旋前外旋Ⅳ度踝关节骨折的疗效。方法 2009年8月~2011年10月,对26例旋前外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折行切开复位内固定,并植入锚钉修复三角韧带深层和浅层,恢复内、外侧结构的稳定性。术后观察骨折愈合及患者踝关节功能恢复情况。结果 26例随访6~30个月,平均16个月。所有骨折均愈合,时间10~16周,平均12周。1例未固定下胫腓联合的患者,负重后逐渐出现踝穴增宽、距骨外移导致创伤性关节炎而疼痛。采用Mazur踝关节症状与功能评分评定疗效:优15例,良8例,可2例,差1例,优良率为88.5%。无感染、骨折不愈合、锚钉松动等发生。结论应重建旋前外旋型踝关节骨折中三角韧带的连续性及下胫腓联合的稳定性,锚钉具有创伤小、对踝关节生理影响小等特点,是修复三角韧带损伤的有效方法。     

踝关节Bosworth骨折1例

临床资料 患者男性,22岁,主诉"摔伤导致右踝关节肿痛伴活动受限13h余"入院.患者2020年1月7日下楼梯过程中不慎扭伤,踝关节极度外翻,足部处于旋后外旋位,腓骨侧处于高度紧张状态,致右踝关节肿痛,活动受限,就诊于山东中医药大学附属医院骨科急诊.行X线片检查示右踝关节骨折,伴脱位,急诊遂急行手法复位,效果不佳,暂石膏外固定,收入山东中医药大学附属医院创伤骨科.患者入院后神志清,精神可,一般情况良好.患者既往体健,否认其他病史等.查体:右踝关节明显肿胀,内踝处可见皮下淤斑,皮温尚可,右踝关节压痛阳性,纵轴叩击痛阳性,踝穴空虚,可扪及骨擦感,足背动脉可触及.影像学检查:X线片示右腓骨远端可见明显骨皮质不连续,可见一斜形骨折线,断端移位明显,同时距骨向后侧脱位(图1a～b).CT示右腓骨远端下胫腓联合处斜形骨折,骨折线由前下斜向后上,下胫腓联合分离移位,胫距关节对位关系差,关节间隙宽窄不均,距骨明显向后外侧脱位.腓骨骨折近段卡压在胫骨后外侧,后踝可见一较小骨折块,周围软组织肿胀明显(图1c～e).入院诊断:右踝关节骨折脱位(Bosworth骨折),Lauge-Hansen分型的旋后外旋型.     

手术治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的效果

 目的 探讨手术治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的效果。方法 回顾性分析2013-04至2016-10收治的42例踝关节骨折者合并下胫腓联合分离患者,均采用切开复位钢板、螺钉内固定,下胫腓联合采用1枚螺钉固定,术后8周取出固定下胫腓的螺钉。随访24个月,观察预后效果。结果 42例术后均获随访,随访时间10~24个月,平均18个月,骨折均愈合,无下胫腓联合再分离。AOFAS评分:优33例,良6例,可2例,差1例,优良率92.8%。结论 对于踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合韧带损伤,除骨折有效固定外,术中恢复下胫腓联合的解剖复位及固定有利于提高骨折治疗的优良率,降低二次手术的发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

运动员踝关节骨折脱位及下胫腓分离的治疗

本文报告了运动损伤所致踝关节骨折,脱位及合并下胫腓分离48例的治疗结果,重点对运动员下胫腓关节分离的处理原则,治疗方法及创伤性骨关节炎的防治进行了分析探讨,同时阐述了踝关节骨折、脱位的治疗原则。针对运动员对踝关节稳定性要求较高的特点,建议运动员不稳定踝关节骨折,合并严重的韧带断裂及下胫腓分离应尽早手术,切开复位内固定治疗。     

皮质骨加压螺钉与Endobutton钢板治疗下胫腓联合损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨皮质骨加压螺钉和Endobutton钢板治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月—2018年3月达州市中心医院骨外科收治的100例踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤患者资料,男性63例,女性37例;年龄27～69岁,平均42.8岁;左侧55例,右侧45例;损伤类型:旋后外旋型Ⅳ度29例,旋前外旋型Ⅳ度41例,旋前外展型Ⅲ度30例。根据治疗方法不同分为皮质骨加压螺钉组与Endobutton钢板组,各50例。比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、下胫腓间隙(TBCS)、下胫腓重叠距离(TBOL)、美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)的踝-后足评分优良率及并发症发生情况。结果术后全部患者随访6个月。皮质骨加压螺钉组手术时间(63.58±16.93)min显著短于Endobutton钢板组(90.16±6.02)min(t=3.658,P=0.031),但两组术中出血量(t=0.875,P=0.361)、术后TBCS(t=0.986,P=0.205)、TBOL(t=1.338,P=0.159)水平,踝关节功能优良率(χ~2=0.444,P=0.505)及术后并发症发生率(χ~2=0.211,P=0.646)比较差异均无统计学意义。结论 Endobutton钢板治疗相对于皮质骨加压螺钉在治疗下胫腓联合损伤的疗效与术后并发症方面并没有显著优势,但皮质骨加压螺钉以其操作简便快捷的特点,明显缩短患者手术时间。     

外旋外翻位治疗踝关节内翻脱位体会

踝关节内翻脱位是一种常见外伤,常伴有关节骨折,手法复位有时十分困难,必要时需手术治疗。我院自1988年7月至2 0 0 3年1月应用外旋外翻位医治踝关节内翻脱位2 0例,效果满意,报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　2 0例均为男性,年龄15岁～5 6岁,平均32 7岁。致伤原因:高处坠落4例,摔伤11例,扭伤5例。主要临床表现:局部淤血、肿胀,部分病例有张力性水泡,内踝虚空,足呈内翻内旋跖曲畸形,外踝高突。治疗时间1h～5d。X线示:下胫腓关节有不同程度的分离,跖骨和内踝分离超过1 0cm。单纯脱位1例、合并外踝骨折10例、腓骨下段骨折7例、腓骨中段以…     

下胫腓螺钉固定联合下胫腓韧带修复治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤的疗效

目的:探讨下胫腓螺钉固定联合下胫腓韧带修复治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤的疗效。方法:采用回顾性队列研究分析2017年9月至2020年9月联勤保障部队第九〇九医院收治的72例踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤患者临床资料,其中男38例,女34例;年龄19~65岁［（42.5±12.2）岁］。按Danis-Weber分型,B...     

下胫腓联合损伤

下胫腓联合损伤是踝关节骨折的常见伴发伤，多由距骨在踝穴内的外翻和外旋所致。早期正确的诊断和治疗是预后良好的关键。处理不当易造成踝关节慢性不稳定和创伤性关节炎的发生。目前在下胫腓联合损伤的诊断和治疗上存在较多争议，主要涉及下胫腓联合损伤后稳定程度的判定及固定方式的选择。本文对下胫腓联合损伤从解剖学、生物力学、诊断及治疗进展方面进行综述。     

合并下胫腓联合分离的踝关节骨折脱位诊治探讨

瑞士内固定学会 (ＡＯ)分类中的部分Ｂ型和全部Ｃ型踝关节骨折脱位合并有下胫腓联合分离 ,不仅闭合整复难以奏效 ,即使整复成功也较难维持 ,故应积极手术治疗。我院 1995年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 2月共收治踝关节骨折脱位 165例 ,对其中合并下胫腓联合分离的 3 8例采取手术治疗 ,效果满意。现报告如下。临　床　资　料1.一般资料 :本组 3 8例 ,男 2 1例 ,女 17例 ;年龄 19～ 61岁 ,平均 41.6岁。致伤原因 :交通伤 12例 ,坠落伤 11例 ,砸伤 8例 ,跌倒扭伤 7例 ,均为单侧肢体损伤。其中 9例为多发伤 ,合并颅脑损伤 4例 ,脊柱骨折 6例 ,骨盆骨折 3例…     

有限切开、撬拨复位、QWIX空心钉内固定治疗后踝骨折

目的 探讨有限切开、撬拨复位、QWIX空心钉内固定治疗后踝骨折的临床疗效.方法 14例后踝骨折患者,男3例,女11例;年龄23～69岁,平均43.6岁.其中交通伤5例,坠落伤4例,行走扭伤3例,滑旱冰扭伤2例.按Weber和Danis踝关节骨折分型方法:A3型2例,B3型7例,C3型5例,进行有限切开撬拨复位QWIX空心钉内固定,并按术后制定的详细的早期功能锻炼和负重时间表,指导患者进行严格规则的功能锻炼,同时定期随访,对踝关节功能恢复情况进行评定.结果 所有患者均获随访,时间6～18个月,平均9.5个月.1例发生腓肠神经损伤,半年恢复正常.12例3个月后步态正常,踝关节活动度接近正常;6个月终末随访时,12例踝关节功能背屈均>20°,跖屈均>40°,与对侧正常踝关节功能大致相同;术后9个月,14例均达到了正常运动功能.临床疗效按Baird-Jackson评分标准:优12例,良1例,可1例,优良率93%.结论 有限切开撬拨复位空心钉治疗后踝骨折是一种行之有效的方法.     

103例踝关节骨折脱位的治疗

目的：总结踝关节骨折脱位治疗的经验,方法对１９８７－１９９７年１０３例踝关节骨折脱位治疗情况进行分析,随访６个月－５年,平均２年３个月,采用Ｗｅｂｅｒ评分标准评定临床疗效。结果手法治疗３８例：优１３例（３４％）,良１８例（４７％）,差７例（１９％）,优良率为８２％,其中单纯外踝骨折１４例,仅１４％（２／１４）获得解剖复位,但临床疗效优良率达（１３／１４）,手术治疗６５例;优３４例（５２％）良２３例     

Ligamentous injury of the lower tibiofibular syndesmosis: radiographic evidence

A retrospective analysis of the ankle radiographs of 86 patients with disruptions of the distal tibiofibular syndesmotic ligaments and comparison with radiographs of 100 patients with normal ankles revealed several findings useful in identifying these lesions. These observations included location and character of lateral malleolar or fibular fractures, avulsions of the tibial or fibular syndesmotic attachments, talar tilt or displacement, and distortion of the normal tibiofibular and tibiotalar relationships. Injuries to the ligamentous support of the ankle may be subtle and overlooked. Recognition of these findings and an understanding of the mechanisms of injury will facilitate radiologic diagnosis of syndesmotic injuries and will allow for surgical repair to prevent potential complications.     

螺旋CT骨三维重建在汶川大地震关节内及其它部位骨折诊断中的应用

目的 探讨螺旋CT骨三维重建在汶川大地震关节内及其它部位骨折诊断中应用价值.方法 对25例汶川地震中关节内及其它部位骨折患者行多层螺旋CT容积扫描,在工作站上对图像进行包括多平面重建及表面遮盖骨三维重建处理,观察重建图像对骨折的显示.结果 25例患者共36处骨折,采用骨三维重建方法均清楚显示.膝关节骨折6处,显示X线平片漏诊胫骨后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折1处;踝关节骨折3处,其中1例为Pilon骨折;肩关节骨折5处,发现X线漏诊肩关节盂前唇骨折1处;肘关节骨折3处;颈椎骨折2处,胸椎骨折4处,腰椎骨折5处,其中2例为爆裂性骨折,均伴关节突关节骨折,1例伴椎体滑脱;骨盆骨折8处,其中1处为骶髂关节骨折伴骶髂关节分离.本组中开放性骨折4例,骨折伴脱位6例,25例骨折病例周围软组织均不同程度肿胀.结论 螺旋CT骨三维重建能直观、逼真地显示骨折情况,为临床诊断及治疗提供更加充分的资料.     

Classification of ankle fractures: an algorithm

In 1950, Lauge-Hansen devised a classification of ankle fractures based on the position of the foot and the deforming force at the time of injury. This has been widely accepted by orthopedists, but is not in general use by radiologists. An algorithm based on his classification that allows rapid assessment of the mechanism of injury in 90%-95% of cases has been devised by the authors. Identification of the fractures and classification of the type of injury allows diagnosis of the otherwise occult ligamentous injuries. On the basis of location and appearance of the fibular fracture, the four types of injuries are immediately identified: pronation-abduction, pronation-lateral rotation, supination-adduction, and supination-lateral rotation. Subsequent assessment for medial malleolar fracture and then posterior malleolar fracture defines the stage of completeness of the injury and localizes the sites of ligamentous disruption.     

Lauge-Hansen旋前外展Ⅲ度踝骨折特点及下胫腓联合复位情况分析

目的探讨Lauge-Hansen旋前外展III度踝骨折(PA-Ⅲ度踝骨折)特点和下胫腓联合(ITFS)复位质量。方法回顾性分析2015年4月—2016年10月天津医院足踝外科入院诊断为PA-Ⅲ踝骨折患者52例,男性44例,女性8例;年龄15~74岁,平均37.7岁;右踝18例,左踝34例。由1名主治医师阅读伤后踝X线片并作出诊断,主任医师联合三维CT观察踝骨折特点修正诊断,对比分析误诊组和确诊组内踝骨折、Tillaux结节骨折及下胫腓联合分离、外踝骨折部位、类型、主要骨折线方向和主要骨折块位置。术后X线及CT确定ITFS复位质量,间隙与胫距间隙差值>2mm确定为复位不良。结果52例患者根据伤后X线检查确诊为PA-Ⅲ度踝骨折,三维CT分析踝骨折特点后证实21例误诊,误诊率40.38%。两组在内踝骨折、外踝骨折、Tillaux结节骨折及下胫腓联合分离比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组在外踝骨折类型、主要骨折线方向、主要骨折块位置比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在外踝骨折平面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。确诊组患者中术后ITFS复位不良7例(22.6%)。结论单纯依靠X线片诊断PA-Ⅲ度踝骨折误诊率较高,CT三维重建观察外踝骨折类型、主要骨折线方向和骨折块位置可辅助确诊。PA-Ⅲ度踝骨折术后ITFS复位不良发生率较高。     

Tendon entrapments and dislocations in ankle and hindfoot fractures: evaluation with multidetector computed tomography

The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of tendon entrapments and tendon dislocations associated with ankle and hindfoot fractures in patients studied by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Additionally, we describe particular tendon injuries associated with specific fractures. This was a retrospective review of all individuals with a trauma-protocol CT for suspected ankle and/or hindfoot fractures during a consecutive 41-month time period at a single Level I Trauma Center. Each patient’s images were evaluated by two radiologists and an orthopedic surgeon for tendon entrapment, tendon dislocation, and bone(s) fractured or dislocated. There were 398 patients with ankle and/or hindfoot fractures that showed tendon entrapment or dislocation in 64 (16.1 %) patients. There were 30 (46.9 %) patients with 40 tendon entrapments, 31 (48.4 %) patients with 59 tendon dislocations, and three (4.7 %) patients with both tendon entrapment and dislocation. All patients with tendon entrapments were seen with either pilon fractures and/or a combination of posterior, medial, or lateral malleolar fractures. The most frequently entrapped tendon was the posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) in 27 patients (27/30, 90.0 %). The peroneal tendons were the most frequently dislocated, representing 27 (87.1 %) of patients with tendon dislocation; all resulted from a talar or calcaneal fracture or subluxation. This study demonstrates that tendon entrapments and tendon dislocations are commonly seen in complex fractures of the ankle and hindfoot. Pilon fractures were associated with the majority of tendon entrapments, whereas calcaneus fractures were associated with the majority of tendon dislocations.     

距骨颈骨折的治疗分析

目的 研究距骨颈骨折的治疗. 方法 1988年10月-2004年6月,按改良Haw-kins法对66例距骨颈骨折患者分型:Ⅰ型14例,行石膏外固定;Ⅱ型34例,行手法复位石膏外固定、切开复位内固定或关节融合术;Ⅲ型16例,行切开复位内固定或关节融合术;Ⅳ型2例,行切开复位内固定或关节融合术.其中陈旧性骨折4例. 结果 平均随访6.28年,采用Hawkins评分进行评估,优(29%)19例(Ⅰ型13例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型1例);良(26%)17例(Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型4例);可(27%)18例(Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅳ型1例);差(18%)12例(Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅳ型1例).距骨缺血性坏死25例(38%),踝及距下关节炎分别为20例(30%)和26例(39%). 结论 距骨颈Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型骨折宜石膏外固定,Ⅲ型骨折应切开复位内固定,Ⅳ型和陈旧性骨折宜采用关节融合术.     

Ligament force and joint motion in the intact ankle: a cadaveric study

The aims of this study were to measure the forces in the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and the motion in the tibiotalar and subtalar joints during simulated weight-bearing in eight cadaver ankle specimens. An MTS test machine was used to apply compressive loads to specimens held in a specially designed testing apparatus in which the ankle position (dorsiflexion-plantarflexion and supination-pronation) could be varied in a controlled manner. The forces in the ATFL and CFL were measured with buckle transducers. Tibiotalar motion and total ankle joint motion were measured with an instrumented spatial linkage. The specimens were positioned sequentially at 10° dorsiflexion, neutral, and 10° and 20° plantarflexion, and this sequence was repeated at 15° supination, neutral pronation/supination, and 15° pronation. Force and motion measurements were recorded in each of these positions with and without a 375 N compressive load simulating weight-bearing. From 10° dorsiflexion to 20° plantarflexion, all motion occurred in the tibiotalar joint. In contrast, the ratio of subtalar motion to tibiotalar motion was 3:1 for supination-pronation and 4:1 for internal-external rotation. Inverse loading patterns were observed for the ATFL and CFL from plantarflexion to dorsiflexion. Compressive loading did not affect CFL tension, but it magnified the pattern of increasing ATFL tension with plantarflexion. The largest increase in ATFL force was observed in supination and plantarflexion with a compressive load (76 ± 23 N), whereas CFL tension mainly increased in supination and dorsiflexion with a compressive load (109 ± 28 N). In conclusion, the results showed that the ATFL acted as a primary restraint in inversion, where injuries typically occur (combined plantarflexion, supination and internal rotation). Also, the subtalar joint was of primary importance for normal supination-pronation and internal-external rotation. Received: 29 April 1997 Accepted: 25 July 1997