64层螺旋CT与冠状动脉造影诊断冠脉狭窄的对比研究

目的 评价64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像（64SCTCA）对冠脉各节段狭窄病变的诊断价值。 方法 85例疑诊为冠心病患者,先后行64SCTCA和CAG检查,评价64SCTCA诊断冠状动脉各节段狭窄病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果 ⑴、在CAG可清晰显影的744个节段中,64SCTCA造影可清晰显示和评价占639段（85.89%）,另外105段（14.11%）显影不清。左主干和前降支可评价节段的比例显著高于左回旋支和右冠状动脉（P<0.05或0.01）,同一支血管中近段可评价的比例显著高于远段（P<0.05或0.01）;⑵、64SCTCA诊断冠心病的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性和阴性预测值分别为96.23%、90.63%、94.44%、93.55%、94.12%。按可评价节段计算,64SCTCA诊断冠脉各节段有意义狭窄病变总的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性和阴性预测值分别为89.06％、95.89％、84.44％、95.33％、94.32%;⑶、64SCTCA对诊断左主干和左前降支各节段病变的价值高于左回旋支和右冠状动脉,检测冠状动脉近段病变的价值高于远段。结论 64SCTCA对冠状动脉狭窄病变有较好的诊断价值,其检测左主干和左前降支病变的价值高于左回旋支和右冠状动脉,对冠状动脉近段病变的诊断价值高于远段,适合于冠心病的筛查。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在诊断冠状动脉疾病中的临床价值

目的:评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(64SCTCA)在诊断冠状动脉疾病中的临床价值.方法:收集82例行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像并在一周内做冠状动脉造影(CAG)患者,将结果进行对照分析.结果:可用于评估的336支冠状动脉中,SCTCA显示病变共232支,经CAG证实226支;SCTCA诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性为97.8%,特异性为90.0%,阳性预测值为95.3%,阴性预测值为95.2%.64SCTCA和CAG两种检查方法在发现冠状动脉病变上差异无统计学意义.其中56%(46/82)患有冠心病(1支或1支以上冠脉狭窄>50%),44%(36/82)无明显冠心病或正常(其中<50%狭窄者29例,各支均正常者7例).结论:64SCTCA对于冠状动脉狭窄的评估具有较高敏感性和特异性,适用于冠心病的筛查.     

320层容积冠状动脉CT血管成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的探讨320层容积冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)诊断冠心病的准确性。方法 95例患者在行冠状动脉CTA检查后2周内行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,以CAG为金标准,判断冠状动脉CTA诊断冠状动脉中度狭窄(狭窄≥50%)及重度狭窄(狭窄≥75%)的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性。结果 CAG显示的1180个冠状动脉节段中,CTA显示中度狭窄的节段共98段;CAG显示80段,CTA诊断中度狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为87.50%、97.45%、71.43%、99.01%,准确性为96.78%;CTA显示重度狭窄的节段共206段;CAG显示207段,CTA诊断重度狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.33%、98.66%、93.78%、98.56%,准确性为97.71%。结论320排容积CTA诊断冠心病受心率影响小,诊断准确性高,可以作为冠心病的筛选检查。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对女性及男性冠状动脉狭窄诊断价值的对比

目的评价64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(64-DSCTCA)对女性、男性冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值是否相同。方法选择行心脏64-DSCTCA检查并同时行选择性冠状动脉造影检查怀疑为冠心病或已确诊为冠心病的男、女患者各75例。以冠状动脉造影结果作为金标准,分别计算64-DSCTCA诊断女性、男性冠心病(冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50%)、冠状动脉中度狭窄(狭窄程度50%~75%)、重度狭窄及完全闭塞(狭窄程度76%~100%)的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。采用统计学方法对比分析64-DSCTCA诊断女性、男性冠心病、冠状动脉中度狭窄、重度狭窄及完全闭塞的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值是否不同。结果 64-DSCTCA诊断女性、男性冠心病的灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值差异无统计学意义(P0.05),诊断女性冠心病的阳性预测值低于男性(P0.05)。64-DSCTCA诊断女性、男性冠状动脉中度狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。64-DSCTCA诊断女性、男性冠状动脉重度狭窄及完全闭塞的灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值差异无统计学意义(P0.05),诊断女性冠状动脉重度狭窄及完全闭塞的阳性预测值低于男性(P0.05)。结论 64-DSCTCA对女性、男性冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值不尽相同,诊断女性冠心病、冠状动脉重度狭窄及完全闭塞的阳性预测值低于男性。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病早期诊断的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋计算机断层扫描冠状动脉成像（64-slice computed tomographic coronary angiography，CTA）早期诊断冠心病的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析行CTA和冠状动脉造影的临床疑诊冠心病病人65例，以冠状动脉造影结果为标准，评估CTA诊断冠状动脉中重度狭窄（≥50%）的准确性。结果 CTA诊断冠状动脉中、重度狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值和准确度分别为92.7%、91.7%、81.9%、96.9%和92.0%。结论 CTA诊断冠状动脉中、重度狭窄具有较高的准确性，适合用于临床怀疑冠心病的的筛选检查。     

64层螺旋CT成像与导管法造影检测冠状动脉狭窄的对照研究

目的探讨64层螺旋CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的显示情况及临床价值。方法对69例临床诊断或疑诊冠心病的患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查及导管法冠状动脉造影。冠状动脉管腔内径减少>50%定义为显著狭窄。结果在69例患者冠状动脉的788节段(血管直径≥1.5mm)中,CT图像能够满足管腔评价者为778节段(98.7%),其中64层螺旋CT显示中度或中度以上狭窄(≥50%)的敏感性和特异性分别为81.9%和99.0%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.9%和95.1%。如果在方法学上进行校正,敏感性将达91.8%。结论64层螺旋CT显示冠状动脉狭窄的准确性(95.2%)较高,在冠状动脉疾病的初步诊断以及介入治疗的筛选方面,是一种颇具潜力的无创性检查方法,但尚不能完全取代传统的导管法冠状动脉造影。     

64排螺旋CT对冠心病的诊断价值分析

目的：探讨64排螺旋 CT 冠脉成像（CTA）对冠心病的诊断价值。方法分析2012年12月-2013年12月确诊或疑诊冠心病患者,在本院进行64排螺旋CT冠脉成像检查,行冠脉造影术的200例患者影像学资料,将64排CT冠脉成像结果与冠脉造影结果进行比较,评价其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及两种检查手段对不同程度狭窄的评估对比。结果64排螺旋CT冠脉成像判断血管≥50%狭窄的敏感度94.04%,特异度93.96%,阳性预测值90.80%,阴性预测值96.46%。对冠脉狭窄程度的评估也与冠脉造影相当。结论64排螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠心病的诊断有很高的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,具有广泛的临床应用价值。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在诊断冠心病中临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年7月至2009年5月在新疆自治区人民医院心内科住院临床诊断或疑似冠心病患者病历资料120例,全部患者均行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和选择性冠状动脉造影（CAG）,前后时间不超过2周。按照美国心脏学会（AHA）冠状动脉分段法将冠状动脉分为16段,采用目测直径法判断冠脉狭窄程度,以CAG为诊断冠心病（CHD）的＂金标准＂,计算64排螺旋CT检出中度及中度以上（≥50%）冠状动脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断符合率。结果总计1920冠脉节段中有1857（97%）个节段可以同时在CAG与多层螺旋CT（multisli cecomputed tomography,MSCT）上显示及评估。64排螺旋CT显示中度及中度以上冠状动脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断符合率分别为89%、98%、85%、98%、97%。结论 64排螺旋CT其对中度及中度以上的冠脉狭窄具有良好的诊断价值,基本能满足CHD的诊断需要,可作为CHD中危人群的一种初筛手段。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病早期诊断的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋计算机断层扫描冠状动脉成像(64-slice computed tomographic coronary angiography,CTA)早期诊断冠心病的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析行CTA和冠状动脉造影的临床疑诊冠心病病人65例,以冠状动脉造影结果为标准,评估CTA诊断冠状动脉中重度狭窄(≥50%)的准确性.结果 CTA诊断冠状动脉中、重度狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值和准确度分别为92.7%、91.7%、81.9%、96.9%和92.0%.结论 CTA诊断冠状动脉中、重度狭窄具有较高的准确性,适合用于临床怀疑冠心病的的筛选检查.     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉病变诊断中的临床研究

目的探讨和评价64排螺旋CT（MSCT）在冠心病诊断中的有效性。方法选取在3周内行64排MSCT和冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查的临床可疑或确诊冠心病的患者（两项检查平均间隔时间9d）114例，其中男性62例，平均年龄65岁。将MSCT和CAG检查结果进行分析，管腔狭窄≥50％定义为明显狭窄。结果在114例患者中，CAG检出至少有1处明显狭窄的患者106例，其中单支病变占33％（38例），多支病变占60％（68例）。MSCT检出其中的104例（诊断准确度95％）。按节段分析，MSCT诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为87％、96％、86％、96％。以各冠状动脉分析，MSCT诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96％、94％、95％、96％。MSCT与CAG在发现冠状动脉明显狭窄上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论64排MSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确度较高，作为一种冠心病诊断的无创筛查手段，有广泛的临床应用价值。     

Rotational coronary angiography

CONTEXT: Rotational angiography (RA) is a radiological technique that provides multiple views of a vessel for a single injection of contrast. Its significance in the field of coronary angiography is poorly known at present. This study aimed to compare the radiation dose as well as the volume of contrast used during RA compared to standard angiography (SA), and to evaluate its diagnostic precision. METHOD: 78 patients sent for diagnostic coronary angiography were explored using the radial approach. The patients were randomised between RA (3 acquisitions for the left coronary and 1 for the right coronary) or SA. Once a decision to undertake angioplasty had been made following the angiography (RA or SA), the initial study was complemented using the alternative technique (SA or RA) before the angioplasty procedure was performed at a later stage. The severity of the lesions as shown by RA and SA was compared by four experienced coronary angiography operators. RESULTS: 65 patients (mean age 61+/-10 years--mean BMI 26+/-4 Kg/m2) underwent complete RA+SA investigation. The total x-ray dose used during ciné-angiography, the dose received by the patient, and the volume of contrast were significantly reduced in the RA group compared to the SA group (-25%; -36%; -33% respectively). An evaluation of the severity of the stenoses was performed on 168 arterial segments. There was a significant correlation between the two techniques (R=0.95--p<0.001) and the intra-observer variability was non significant (3.7+/-6.8%--p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Rotational angiography allows the radiation dose and the volume of contrast to be reduced, while retaining a diagnostic precision similar to that of standard angiography.     

Three-dimensional coronary angiography

For at least two decades coronary cine-angiograms have been reviewed on film projectors. The cardiologist most often reviews the multiple two-dimensional projections of the coronary arterial tree on a screen, and then mentally create a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the patient's arteries. The ability to synthesize this data and grasp the three-dimensionality of a patient's specific anatomy is quite difficult and requires extensive training and experience to perfect. Fortunately, with advances in computer hardware and software, cardiologists, with all levels of experience, will have assistance with this difficult task. It is now possible, with the use of computers, to reconstruct and display a patient's coronary angiogram in 3-D, allowing the cardiologist to review this data in ways not previously available. In the near future, enhancements in the technique will allow this technology to be placed on-line, directly in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, greatly facilitating the ability to diagnose abnormalities and more appropriately plan treatment strategies.     

Computed tomographic coronary angiography: an alternative to invasive coronary angiography

Over the past decade, enormous progress has been made in the technology of computed tomography (CT) imaging. Substantial improvements in spatial resolution, temporal resolution, hardware and software now permit imaging of the entire coronary artery tree within a single breath-hold. Several studies have demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of significant coronary artery stenoses. In addition to imaging of the native coronary arteries, CT angiography may also be used to assess arterial and venous bypass grafts, and to detect the presence and composition of atherosclerotic plaque. Because CT angiography images are acquired with electrocardiogram gating, the data sets permit the assessment of left ventricular function (ejection fraction and regional wall motion), left ventricular volumes and, potentially, myocardial perfusion at no extra cost. The practical advantages of CT angiography (in regard to safety and cost) along with its future anticipated advancements make it an attractive alternative to diagnostic coronary angiography.     

Magnetic resonance coronary angiography

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Catheter-based x-ray angiography is the current standard for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Coronary angiography using cardiovascular magnetic resonance is a rapidly evolving technique that can noninvasively image the coronary arteries. The authors will discuss the basic concepts and techniques of coronary angiography with cardiovascular magnetic resonance and motion suppression. Most of the relevant clinical studies that validate the use of coronary angiography with cardiovascular magnetic resonance will be presented, and potential future developments will be described. Coronary angiography with cardiovascular magnetic resonance could become the gold standard for imaging of the coronary arteries.     

A comparison between dual axis rotational coronary angiography and conventional coronary angiography

Background: Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for the investigation of coronary artery disease, and is carried out in multiple, predefined stationary views, at different angulations around the patient, for both left and right coronary arteries. Dual axis rotational coronary angiography (DARA) is an alternative technique wherein the c‐arm rotates around the patient in a preprogrammed single acquisition, exposing the entire coronary artery at different angulations. The DARA system has been recently installed in the Cardiac Catheterisation Suite at Mater Dei Hospital, Malta, where a monoplane and a biplane machine are available. This study was carried out in order to compare DARA with conventional single and biplane coronary imaging, with respect to radiation dose, contrast loads, and procedure time. Methods: This study was carried out over the period from September to December 2010. Four hundred sixty‐three patients were studied. Patients referred for the investigation of native coronary anatomy, for whatever indication, were consented and included, and randomly assigned to one of four groups depending on which machine and modality was used: monoplane conventional, monoplane DARA, biplane conventional, and biplane DARA. Results: DARA was statistically significantly superior in dose area product, fluoroscopy time, amount of contrast used, and procedure time. These reductions ranged between 12 (contrast used) and 71% (procedure time). Conclusions: The advantages of such systems are obvious to both patient and healthcare provider, and DARA may prove to be an important and useful tool in the refinement of diagnostic coronary angiography by reducing patient contrast and radiation doses and reducing procedure time. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Computed tomography coronary angiography

Recent developments in computed tomography technology have made imaging of the coronary arteries possible. All the same, the rapid motion and small dimensions of the coronary vessels make coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) challenging. With the last generations of 16- and 64-slice computed tomography and adequate patient preparation (which includes lowering of the heart rate), rates of sensitivity ranging from 83% to 99% and specificity between 93% and 98% have been reported for the detection of coronary artery stenoses in comparison with invasive coronary angiography. The high negative predictive value (95% to 100%) found in these studies suggests that coronary CTA may be a useful diagnostic technique to rule out the presence of coronary stenoses in selected patients, especially those with a rather low pretest likelihood of disease. Imaging of coronary artery bypass grafts is reliable, but clinical applications can be hampered by difficulties in assessing the native coronary arteries in patients after undergoing bypass because of their often-severe calcification. The detection of in-stent restenosis is made difficult by artifacts caused by metal, especially in smaller stents. Finally, initial reports that coronary CTA allows the detection and, to a certain extent, also the characterization and quantification of noncalcified coronary arteriosclerotic plaque are interesting, but they currently do not provide sufficient data to support clinical applications in the context of risk stratification.