小鼠骨生成诱导因子基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在293T细胞中的表达

目的构建小鼠骨生成诱导因子（OIF）基因重组逆转录病毒载体,鉴定其在293T细胞中的表达。方法 PCR法扩增OIF-3FLAG基因,测序后克隆入逆转录病毒载体pMSCV PIG（Puro-IRES-GFP）的相应位点,构建重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG,并对重组体进行测序鉴定。应用脂质体分别将PMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG和VSVG、GAG-POL辅助病毒包装载体共转染至293T包装细胞,48h后荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达;收集包装细胞上清液,进一步用含有包装病毒的上清液再感染293T细胞,48 h后加入3μg/mL嘌呤霉素（puromycin）,连续7d,筛选病毒感染的稳定表达pMSCVPIG-OIF-3FLAG的293T细胞株,分别采用Real-time PCR技术和Western blotting方法检测293T细胞OIF mRNA及其蛋白表达。结果构建OIF基因逆转录病毒表达载体PMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG,经酶切及测序鉴定证实目的基因插入位点和读码框架正确;病毒感染293T细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选稳定表达小鼠OIF的293T细胞株;Real-time PCR和Western blotting鉴定证实OIF mRNA和蛋白在该细胞株中呈高表达。结论成功构建小鼠OIF基因的逆转录病毒载体,并获得稳定高表达OIF基因的293T细胞株。     

小鼠骨生成诱导因子基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在293T细胞中的表达

目的 构建小鼠骨生成诱导因子(OIF)基因重组逆转录病毒载体,鉴定其在293T细胞中的表达。方法 PCR法扩增OIF-3FLAG基因,测序后克隆入逆转录病毒载体pMSCV PIG（Puro-IRES-GFP）的相应位点,构建重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG,并对重组体进行测序鉴定。应用脂质体分别将PMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG和VSVG、GAG-POL辅助病毒包装载体共转染至293T包装细胞,48 h后荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达;收集包装细胞上清液,进一步用含有包装病毒的上清液再感染293T细胞,48 h后加入3 μg/mL嘌呤霉素（puromycin）,连续7 d,筛选病毒感染的稳定表达pMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG 的293T细胞株,分别采用Real-time PCR技术和Western blotting方法检测293T细胞OIF mRNA及其蛋白表达。结果 构建OIF基因逆转录病毒表达载体PMSCV PIG-OIF-3FLAG,经酶切及测序鉴定证实目的基因插入位点和读码框架正确;病毒感染293T细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选稳定表达小鼠OIF的293T细胞株;Real-time PCR和Western blotting鉴定证实OIF mRNA和蛋白在该细胞株中呈高表达。结论 成功构建小鼠OIF基因的逆转录病毒载体,并获得稳定高表达OIF基因的293T细胞株。     

人硫氧还蛋白基因克隆及其重组逆转录病毒载体的构建和鉴定

目的 克隆人硫氧还蛋白（hTRX）基因,并构建含有该目的 基因的重组逆转录病毒载体。方法 利用RT-PCR法,以PHA活化的人外周血单个核细胞总RNA为模板,扩增hTRX编码蛋白的cDNA基因,并亚克隆至逆转录病毒载体pSIV-1中进行PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定。结果 将所得的序列与GenBank（BC003377）报道的序列比较,其酶活性中心（Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys）与已知序列一致,第132、136、170、264位碱基与已知序列不同,其中第136、170位相应密码子编码的氨基酸发生了变化（Phe→Leu,Ile→Thr）,成功获得了pSIV-1-hTRX重组逆转录病毒载体。结论 hTRX基因的克隆及其重组逆转录病毒载体pSIV-1-hTRX的构建,为进一步探讨hTRX的生物学活性和应用奠定了基础。     

NOC2L基因重组慢病毒表达载体的构建及其在293T细胞中的表达

目的构建NOC2L基因重组慢病毒并使其在293T细胞中表达。方法通过设计引物及PCR扩增获得NOC2L全基因片段,将pCDH-GFP载体分别用XbaⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切制备线性化载体;NOC2L全基因片段和线性化载体经切胶回收后,通过同源重组反应将NOC2L全基因片段连接到线性化的pCDH-GFP载体上,构建pCDH-NOC2L-GFP慢病毒表达载体;通过菌落PCR、质粒双酶切、测序等方法对构建的NOC2L基因重组慢病毒表达载体进行鉴定,利用构建的pCDH-NOC2L-GFP包装NOC2L慢病毒并使用该慢病毒感染293T细胞。结果菌落PCR、质粒双酶切和测序结果显示成功将NOC2L基因连接到pCDH-GFP载体上,使用构建成功的pCDH-NOC2L-GFP转染293T细胞,能够成功转染及包装NOC2L基因重组慢病毒,同时包装好的NOC2L基因重组慢病毒能够成功感染293T细胞并过表达293T细胞中的NOC2L基因。结论采用本研究方法能成功构建NOC2L基因重组慢病毒表达载体。     

表达HIF1α与EGFP融合蛋白的重组逆转录病毒载体构建及鉴定

目的构建表达人缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)与EGFP融合蛋白的重组逆转录病毒载体,并观察其对NIH3T3细胞感染效率.方法采用基因工程技术,将HIF-1α基因片段克隆至逆转录病毒载体pLEGFP-N1上,鉴定后用脂质体法转染PT67细胞包装、扩增,最后用重组逆转录病毒感染NIH3T3细胞.其中采用PCR方法对重组病毒进行鉴定,利用绿色荧光蛋白作为报告基因,对病毒滴度和感染效率进行监测.结果酶切、测序及PCR结果与HIF-1α基因重组逆转录病毒载体的预期结果一致,病毒滴度达1.2×106 pfu/ml,并对NIH3T3细胞有强感染能力.结论应用基因工程技术,成功构建了表达HIF-1α与EGFP融合蛋白的重组逆转录病毒载体,为应用于治疗性血管生成创造了条件.     

HBX基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及在LO2细胞内的稳定表达

目的 构建乙型肝炎病毒X基因(HBX)逆转录病毒载体,并使其在人正常肝细胞LO2内的进行稳定表达.方法 PCR扩增HBX基因,克隆到逆转录病毒载体质粒pSEB-Flag中,构建表达HBX的重组逆转录病毒载体质粒pSEB-Flag-HBX,通过通过PCR、酶切、测序验证HBX基因后;体外将重组质粒pSEB-Flag-HBX与包装质粒pAmpho共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞,包装获得携带HBX基因的重组逆转录病毒,并感染靶细胞人正常肝细胞LO2,稻瘟菌素(Blasticidin)筛选,获得成功转入HBX的LO2细胞.通过RT-PCR和Western blot进一步验证HBX基因及HBx蛋白在LO2细胞内的表达.结果 (1)成功获得携带HBX基因的阳性重组质粒pSEB-Flag-HBX;(2)HBX基因被逆转录病毒成功地导入靶细胞LO2细胞,并实现稳定表达,RT-PCR检测到HBX mRNA在靶细胞中的表达,Western blot检测到HBx蛋白在靶细胞LO2-HBx细胞中的表达.结论 成功构建了携带HBX基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,感染人正常肝细胞LO2后能够稳定表达HBx蛋白,为进一步探讨HBx在肝癌发生发展中的作用提供了较为理想的实验模型.     

人DC-SIGN基因克隆及其转基因细胞的构建

目的克隆人DC-SIGN基因,并构建含有该目的基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,获得稳定表达DC-SIGN分子的L929基因转染细胞。方法利用RT-PCR的方法从人外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞（DC）总RNA中克隆出人DC-SIGN基因,通过双酶切（EcoRI,BamHI）装入逆转录病毒载体pGEZ-Term中,脂质体法共转染包装细胞293T,用含有完整病毒颗粒的293T细胞的培养上清感染L929细胞,72h后,加入Zeocin进行筛选,挑选出能稳定表达DC-SIGN蛋白的L929细胞株。结果构建了用于表达的含DC-SIGN基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,经转染包装细胞293T后,获得具有感染能力的重组DC-SIGN逆转录病毒和转染L929细胞,继而经RT-PCR、流式细胞仪表型检测,筛选出了稳定表达人DC-SIGN蛋白的L929转基因细胞。结论构建了含人DC-SIGN基因重组逆转录病毒载体和稳定表达人DC-SIGN蛋白的细胞株,为该基因功能的后续研究和单克隆抗体的研制奠定了基础。     

逆转录病毒Pmscv/Hyg介导的RNA干扰表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的构建逆转录病毒Pmscv/Hyg介导的RNA干扰表达载体,并在HEK293细胞株中观察其基因沉默效果。方法PCR方法扩增人U6启动子,下游引入核酸内切酶位点BamHI、SalI,反向插入质粒Pmscv/Hyg的3′端LTR上游。扩增EGFP基因,插入载体Pmscv/Hyg的多克隆位点。合成干扰P53基因表达的寡核苷酸序列,退火复性后插入U6启动子下游BamHI、SalI酶切位点间。重组质粒经酶切、测序鉴定正确后转染病毒包装细胞PT67,产生具有一次感染能力的病毒颗粒。病毒上清感染靶细胞HEK293,经潮霉素筛选,RT-PCR和western blot检测靶基因P53表达情况。结果质粒酶切及DNA测序表明成功构建重组病毒载体,并在PT67细胞中包装成具有一次感染能力的逆转录病毒。经Hygromycin筛选,HEK293细胞中P53蛋白和mRNA表达显著下调。结论成功构建以Pmscv/Hyg为基础的RNA干扰表达载体,重组载体包装出的逆转录病毒可有效介导基因沉默。     

Math1基因重组慢病毒的构建及其在293T细胞中的表达

目的 构建携带Math1基因的重组慢病毒载体,检测其滴度,检测其在293T细胞中的表达.方法 PCR扩增Math1基因,将其连入慢病毒栽体pLenti-GFP中;在感受态细胞DH5α中培养扩增,并行Math1基因的测序鉴定;将重组的慢病毒四质粒共转染293T细胞,收获并浓缩病毒;感染293T细胞和提取细胞DNA后用实时定量PCR法检测病毒滴度.用逆转录PCR和westem blot法检测Mathl基因在感染病毒的293T细胞中的表达.结果 构建的慢病毒载体pLenti-Math1-GFP经测序分析证实基因序列正确.四质粒共转染293T细胞后,荧光显微镜下可见大量绿色荧光.包装后慢病毒测定滴度约为3X10"Tu/L.逆转录PCR和Western blot法均能检测Math1基因在感染病毒的293T细胞中的表达.结论 成功构建携带Math1基因的重组慢病毒,并能在293T细胞中表达.     

Delta1-IRES-EGFP双顺反子逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建并鉴定人Delta1和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因双顺反子逆转录病毒表达载体.方法利用基因重组技术将人Delta1基因构建到含IRES-EGFP逆转录病毒载体中;电穿孔法将重组质粒pDelta1-IRES-EGFP分别转入单、双嗜性包装细胞GP E86和PA317,嘌呤霉素(puromycin)筛选获得阳性表达克隆;"乒乓球"法提高病毒滴度;重组病毒感染NIH3T3细胞,流式细胞仪(FACS)及RT-PCR法分别检测细胞荧光和Delta1 mRNA表达变化;C2C12共培养实验检测蛋白的功能.结果酶切、PCR鉴定及DNA测序证实逆转录病毒表达载体pDelta1-IRES-EGFP构建正确;经体外包装,获得最高滴度9.7×105 CFU/ml的重组病毒液;重组病毒液感染NIH3T3细胞,FACS检测部分细胞荧光强度显著提高;RT-PCR证实细胞内有外源基因Delta1表达;C2C12共培养实验证实外源蛋白Delta1可抑制C2C12细胞的分化.结论逆转录病毒基因转移系统安全,效率较高,可获得外源基因长期、稳定的表达.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.