Evaluation of aortic dissection by ultrafast computed tomography

We report usefulness of ultrafast CT (UFCT) in evaluation of aortic dissection, according to the results of examination of 51 patients. By volume mode study of UFCT, aortic dissection was diagnosed in all patients. Fine structures such as intimal tear and ulcer-like projection were depicted in detail. Pulsatile movement of true and false channels was detected by cine study. Precise flow analysis of both channels was available by flow mode study of UFCT. In morphological and functional assessment of aortic dissection, UFCT is superior to conventional scanners, and may be preferable to DSA or MRI.     

彩色多普勒超声对主动脉夹层的诊断及临床价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在主动脉夹层（AD）的诊断及临床应用价值。方法对15例手术确诊主动脉夹层患者的彩色多普勒超声检查资料进行分析。结果彩色多普勒超声能清晰显示撕裂的内膜、累及的范围、分辨真假腔及破口的位置,并能对主动脉夹层进行细分型。结论彩色多普勒超声可成为临床诊断主动脉夹层的首选检查方法,对临床选择治疗方案及疗效评价具有重要的价值。     

主动脉夹层48例早期诊断与治疗

目的探讨主动脉夹层（aortic dissection,AD）早期诊断线索和方法,选择合理治疗手段。方法回顾性分析2005年1月～2010年5月48例主动脉夹层患者的临床资料。结果根据患者发病特点,早期选择合理的影像学检查,有助于快速诊断,尤其增强螺旋CT、磁共振成像（MRI）诊断符合率最高。本组患者内科保守治疗32例,外科人丁血管置换术12例,腔内带膜支架植入术4例,治愈30例,死亡18例。结论对于AD患者早期快速诊断及选择合理的治疗方案是提高生存率的关键。     

彩色多普勒血流显像诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤的应用价值

目的 分析并探讨彩色多普勒血流显像对主动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法 选择某院2008年1月～2012年4月收治的32例主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者.所有患者均进行彩色多普勒血流显像检查、CT检查、MRI检查及动脉造影检查,分析在彩色多普勒血流显像检查明确破口位置、末端部位、夹层真假腔、假腔内血栓、内脏动脉与真假腔关系、主动脉直径、内脏动脉缺血原因等方面的作用.结果 彩色多普勒血流显像对近端破口检出率明显高于CT、MRI检查,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而与动脉造影检查差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).彩色多普勒血流显像对近端破口检出率与CT、MRI和动脉造影差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).彩色多普勒血流显像对夹层内内脏动脉检出率为96.88％,显著高于CT检查(56.25％)、MRI检查(46.88％)和动脉造影检查(65.63％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).通过彩色多普勒血流显像发现2例患者夹层累及动脉开口为静态狭窄,1例患者为动态狭窄,而CT、MRI及动脉造影检查未检出此类征象.结论 彩色多普勒血流显像能较好地反映主动脉夹层动脉瘤的全貌,在明确内脏动脉缺血原因以及内脏动脉与真假腔关系方面具有一定优势.     

Computed tomography phantom for radiochromic film dosimetry

To evaluate in detail the dose distribution during computed tomography (CT), a sheet roll CT dosimetry phantom (SRCT-P) with a radiochromic film (RF) was experimentally developed. The SRCT-P was made by rolling up a vinyl chloride sheet in a cylindrical shape to arbitrarily select the SRCT-P diameter, dose measurement position, and depth. The SRCT-P centre core consisted of a plastic hose in which a 10 mm acrylic bar with a RF was inserted. To determine the availability of the SRCT-P, the surface and centre doses (at a 5 mm radius) at each SRCT-P diameter (6–16 cm; every 2 cm) were measured. The ratios of the centre-to-surface doses (D_centre/D_surface) systematically increased, from 80 to 111%, for decreasing SRCT-P diameters, between 16 and 6 cm, respectively. The centre dose approached the surface dose as the SRCT-P diameter decreased. To use a RF for a CT dose measurement, further detailed research and analysis is necessary. However, this study has shown that a SRCT-P is useful and beneficial for the measurement of the dose distribution during a CT examination.     

Computed tomography of Pancoast tumor

Computed tomography (CT) and chest radiography of 14 patients with Pancoast tumor were reviewed. The cross-sectional format and superior contrast resolution of CT demonstrated the relationship of the tumor to significant adjacent structures (ribs, vertebral bodies, root of spinal nerves, mediastinum and brachial plexus) better than conventional chest radiographies. CT provided additional information to the latter technique in all patients studied. An accurate assessment of the local extent of tumor was also provided by CT. Our study suggests that the obliteration of the fat plane between scalene muscles on CT indicates the tumor invasion of the brachial plexus. CT is useful in the evaluation of the patient with Pancoast tumor.     

Computed tomography of rheumatologic disorders

Diseases of the spine and peripheral joints can be diagnosed noninvasively by this revolutionary imaging modality. CT has retrospectively demonstrated superiority over myelography and other imaging techniques in delineating various pathologic conditions--e.g., trauma, neoplasm, and infection--as well as arthropathy. Specific technical approaches are described in detail.