多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶在TNF-α致内皮细胞凋亡中的作用

目的 探讨在体外TNF-α引起血管内皮细胞凋亡过程中PARP的变化情况。方法10ng／ml的TNF-α处理原代培养人脐静脉内皮细胞6、12、24和48h后，用Tunel法和DNA Ladder来检测内皮细胞的凋亡，Western-blot来观察PARP的片段化情况，并用^3H掺人法来检测PARP的活性。结果 10ng／ml的TNF-α以时间依赖性引起内皮细胞的凋亡，在干预后12h可以检测出PARP的片段化。PARP的活性也在12h开始降低（P〈0．05）。结论 TNF-α能引起内皮细胞的凋亡。PARP活性的下降在这一过程中起着主要作用，对PARP片段化的检测可以提示内皮细胞的凋亡的发生。     

虫草素对MPTP诱导的帕金森病小鼠运动与认知能力的影响

目的:探索虫草素(cordycepin)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,MPTP)诱导的帕金森病小鼠运动与认知能力的影响。方法:将C57BL/6小鼠每天腹腔注射MPTP (30 mg/kg),连续8 d,以建立帕金森病小鼠模型。HE染色检测虫草素对MPTP诱导小鼠黑质致密部(sub-stantia nigra pars compacta,SNpc)细胞数目的影响;Western blot检测黑质(substantia nigra,SN)内酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)表达量的变化;采用旷场实验(open-filed test,OFT)、自发交替行为(spontaneous alterna-tion behavior,SAB)及水迷宫实验(water maze test,WMT)分别检测虫草素对帕金森病小鼠自发活动、情绪变化和认知行为的影响。结果:HE染色结果表明,虫草素显著抑制由MPTP引起的小鼠SNpc细胞数目减少(P 0.05);Western blot结果表明MPTP显著降低SN内TH的表达量(P 0.05),而虫草素可以逆转这种变化(P 0.05);虫草素可提高小鼠在OFT中的平均速度(P 0.05),并增加小鼠在SAB中的总进臂次数,提高正确率(P 0.05),但对WMT潜伏期并没有明显的影响。结论:虫草素能够减轻MPTP诱导的帕金森病小鼠早期的运动障碍和探索能力降低,但对其记忆障碍并没有明显的影响。     

MPTP诱导的帕金森病模型小鼠味觉偏好变化

目的:探讨1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)对帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠味觉的影响。方法:将雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分成对照组(control)和MPTP组,通过转棒、爬杆、嗅觉和悬尾实验检测小鼠行为,组织免疫荧光染色检测小鼠黑质致密部(SNpc)多巴胺(DA)能神经元。采用双瓶偏好实验检测小鼠对蔗糖、糖精、氯化钠及奎宁溶液的偏好率。利用real time RT-PCR检测小鼠舌上皮TAS1R1、TAS1R2和TAS1R3的mRNA表达的变化。结果:与control组相比,MPTP组小鼠转棒时间显著性降低,爬杆时间、找到隐藏食物的时间以及悬尾实验中静止时间均显著增加,免疫荧光结果显示MPTP处理可显著减少SNpc的DA能神经元数量。通过双瓶偏好实验发现MPTP可诱导小鼠对蔗糖、糖精、氯化钠的偏好率增加;但对苦味剂奎宁的偏好率没有影响。qRT-PCR分析发现MPTP抑制了小鼠舌上皮味觉受体TAS1R1和TAS1R2 mRNA的表达,而对TAS1R3 mRNA的表达没有影响。结论:MPTP诱导的PD模型小鼠对蔗糖、糖精、氯化钠的饮用偏好率增加,而对奎宁的偏好率没有影响,...     

磷酸化P38 MAPK对帕金森病MPTP模型小鼠黑质caspase-3表达的影响

目的研究磷酸化P38 MAPK在1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6四氢吡啶(MPTP)所致帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠中对黑质半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)的调控作用。方法将小鼠随机分为MPTP模型组,腹腔注射MPTP(30mg/kg,生理盐水溶);抑制剂组,在注射MPTP前1h腹腔注射SB203580(10mg/kg,溶于5mg/mLDMSO)。均1次/d,连续5d;对照组,注射与模型组和抑制剂组等量生理盐水和DMSO。观察行为学、免疫组织化学和免疫蛋白印迹法观察黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、caspase-3和磷酸化P38 MAPK(p-P38MAPK)的表达。结果与对照组相比,模型小鼠出现典型的PD症状,TH阳性神经元和蛋白水平分别下降约60%和65%(P<0.01),p-P38 MAPK、caspase-3阳性细胞及蛋白水平显著增加(P<0.01);经P38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580处理后,上述变化均显著减轻(P<0.01)。结论磷酸化P38 MAPK在MPTP诱导的PD小鼠黑质caspase-3表达中可能有重要调控作用,SB203580对PD小鼠具有一定的神经保护作用。     

AngⅡ致内皮细胞凋亡中多聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶活性变化的研究

目的： 探讨体外AngⅡ在引起血管内皮细胞凋亡过程中细胞内多聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶的活性变化情况。方法: 1 μmol/L的AngⅡ处理原代培养人脐静脉内皮细胞6、12、24和48 h后，用TUNEL法来检测内皮细胞的凋亡，用［³H］掺入法来检测PARP的活性，硝酸还原法检测NO含量。结果: 1 μmol/L的血管紧张素Ⅱ以时间依赖性引起内皮细胞的凋亡，6 h后细胞内的NO含量开始增加(P<0.05)，24 h达到高峰，48 h后下降到对照组水平；6 h后PARP的活性上升(P<0.05)，12 h到达高峰，24 h接近正常，48 h后PARP的活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论: NO含量增加导致的细胞毒性在血管紧张素Ⅱ引起内皮细胞的凋亡中有着重要的作用，在这一过程中PARP活性的变化是先上升后下降。     

帕金森病小鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元凋亡诱导因子核移位的研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)小鼠模型黑质凋亡诱导因子(AIF)的核移位情况及其与多巴胺(DA)能神经元损伤之间的关系。方法采用1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)制备PD小鼠模型,2h、24h、72h后取中脑组织进行酪氨酸羟化酶免疫染色观察黑质DA能神经元的损害情况,AIF免疫组化染色和Western blot方法检测AIF的核移位情况。结果与对照组比较,PD组小鼠黑质DA能神经元数量随时间呈递减趋势,并出现AIF核移位,2h时达高峰,之后随时间呈下降趋势。结论AIF核移位是PD小鼠黑质DA能神经元损伤的早期指标,在PD的发病过程中发挥重要作用。     

G-CSF对帕金森病小鼠运动能力和黑质纹状体神经元的影响

目的:探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)所致小鼠帕金森病(PD)模型中脑黑质致密部(SNpc)及纹状体(STR)多巴胺(DA)能神经元的影响。方法:正常健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、MPTP组及MPTP+G-CSF组,采用腹腔注射MPTP法制作小鼠PD模型,MPTP+G-CSF组于最后一次MPTP注射后再腹腔注射G-CSF。爬杆实验观察小鼠的行为学改变;尼氏染色技术观察各组小鼠黑质致密部神经元数量及形态学变化;免疫组织化学法检测酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)在各组小鼠中脑黑质致密部及纹状体的表达; Western Blot法检测各组小鼠中脑TH蛋白的表达量。结果:与对照组相比,MPTP组小鼠较对照组爬杆用时显著延长(P 0. 05),尼氏染色显示黑质致密部神经元数量显著减少(P 0. 05),黑质致密部、纹状体TH表达量显著减少(P 0. 05); MPTP+G-CSF组较MPTP组爬杆用时显著缩短(P 0. 05),神经元丢失减少(P 0. 05),神经元形态较完整;与MPTP组比较,MPTP+G-CSF组黑质致密部、纹状体TH表达水平显著增高(P 0. 05)。结论:G-CSF能够改善PD小鼠运动功能,减少黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元丢失,增加TH表达水平。     

银杏叶提取物对帕金森病模型小鼠多巴胺能神经元保护作用研究

目的研究银杏叶提取物（GBE）对帕金森病模型小鼠黑质（SN）多巴胺（DA）能神经元的保护作用。方法36只C5,Bk小鼠随机3组,每组12只。其中,帕金森病（PD）模型组的小鼠采用1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）腹腔注射（30mg／kg×5d）诱导PD;GBE预处理组的小鼠于注射MPTP前2h腹腔注射GBE（60mg／kg×8d）;正常对照组的小鼠只注射等体积生理氯化钠溶液。应用免疫组织化学染色观察小鼠黑质致密带（SNzc）酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）免疫反应阳性细胞数量的变化,用高效液相色谱法（HPLC-ECD）检测小鼠纹状体（Str）内DA及其代谢物二羟基苯乙酸（DOPAC）和高香草酸（HVA）含量。结果PD模型组小鼠SN内酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）阳性细胞数量、Str内DA及其代谢产物DOPAC和HVA的含量明显减少（P〈0．01）,GBE预处理组小鼠SN内TH阳性细胞数量、Str内DA及其代谢产物DOPAC和HVA的含量明显增多（P〈0.05）,但仍低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。结论GBE对MPTP致帕金森病小鼠SNDA能神经元具有明显的保护作用。     

MPTP对小鼠空间学习记忆和脑内强啡肽免疫反应的影响

为了观察1 -甲基- 4 -苯基- 1, 2, 3, 6 四氢吡啶(MPTP)对C57BL/6小鼠空间学习记忆能力和脑内强啡肽(DYN)表达强度的影响,本研究给予小鼠皮下注射MPTP20mg/kg,连续8d,制备Parkinson病(PD)模型。与对照组相比,MPTP处理小鼠爬竿(P<0. 01)和游泳(P<0. 01)分数明显降低。Morris水迷宫实验结果显示:MPTP处理小鼠寻找平台潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),在目标及对侧象限游泳时间所占百分比分别明显降低(P<0. 01)和增加(P<0. 01)。免疫细胞化学结果表明中脑黑质致密部的酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)免疫阳性神经元数目明显减少(P<0. 01)。同时在前额叶皮层(P<0. 01 )、背侧海马的CA1区(P<0. 05)和齿状回苔状纤维通路(P<0. 05)、背侧尾核(P<0. 01)的DYN免疫反应活性明显增强。本实验结果表明:用MPTP处理诱发的PD小鼠模型伴有空间学习和记忆能力的下降;并提示前额叶皮层、背侧海马的CA1区、齿状回苔状纤维通路和背侧尾核内DYN表达的增多可能与MPTP小鼠空间学习和记忆能力下降有关。     

p38MAPK抑制剂对MPTP模型小鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元的保护作用

目的:研究SB239063在1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6四氢吡啶(MPTP)所致帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠中抑制p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)活化对多巴胺(DA)能神经元的保护作用。方法:雄性C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为MPTP(30 mg/kg)模型组;SB239063(5 mg/kg)抑制剂组;SB239063(15 mg/kg)抑制剂组;SB239063(25 mg/kg)抑制剂组。抑制剂组于每次注射MPTP前3 h腹腔注射SB239063;对照组注射与模型组和抑制剂组等量生理盐水和DMSO。采用免疫组织化学和免疫蛋白印迹法观察各组小鼠黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和磷酸化p38蛋白激酶(p-p38 protein kinase,p-p38MAPK)之间表达变化的关系。结果:模型组小鼠黒质区p38MAPK显著活化,同时伴有TH阳性神经元明显丢失;SB239063 15 mg/kg与25 mg/kg组均可明显减少TH神经元丢失,而5 mg/kg组无显著影响;免疫荧光双标记结果显示p38MAPK与TH阳性神经元存在共表达。结论:p38MAPK对PD模型小鼠中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元丢失可能有重要调控作用,SB239063对多巴胺神经元具有一定的神经保护作用。     

聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶在休克和缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶在失血性休克、内毒素性休克和感染性休克,以及机体主要脏器缺血再灌注后激活,参与休克和缺血再灌注损伤的病理过程。抑制聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶对休克和缺血再灌注损伤有良好的防治作用。     

聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶假基因多态性分布及其与肺癌易感性的关系

目的 研究聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶假基因多态性在汉族人群中的分布，探讨该等位基因在衡量肺癌易感性方面的意义。方法 肺癌患者63例，与病例在年龄、性别等方面匹配的健康对照82名，抽提外周血白细胞基因组DNA，特定引物PCR扩增，在含溴乙锭的琼脂糖凝胶中电泳，紫外光下观测和成像。结果 病例组和对照组的基因型分布差异无显著性，B等位片段频率分别为0.095和0.116；无论是否含有B基因，吸烟都是肺癌的危险因素（P＜0．05），基因型为AA时，吸烟的比值比（odds ration,OR)是2.28，基因型为AB或BB时，其OR则达4.83；在不吸烟者中，AB或BB基因型者患肺癌的危险性并未增高（P=0.202)。结论 中国汉族人群B等位片段频率较其他民族低，是肺癌的可能易感标记，但只在吸烟者才表现出来，二者存在协同作用。     

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is involved in the neuronal death induced by quinolinic acid in rats

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation leads to DNA damage in animals treated with quinolinic acid. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a protein involved in the DNA base excision repair system. Its overactivation promotes cellular energy deficit and necrosis. Here, we evaluated the effect of PJ-34, a potent inhibitor of PARP-1, on the neuronal damage induced by quinolinic acid. Animals were administered with PJ-34 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), 1 h before and 1 h after a striatal infusion of 1 μl of quinolinic acid (240 nmol). PJ-34 clearly attenuated the circling behavior produced by quinolinic acid and completely prevented the histological damage induced by the toxin. The protective effect of PJ-34 suggests that PARP-1 activation is playing an active role in the neuronal death induced by quinolinic acid.     

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA-fragmentation factor (DFF45): expression and correlation in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues

This study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45) in normal endometria (NE, n=13), non-atypical (NAH, n=22) and atypical hyperplasia (AH, n=14), endometrioid carcinoma (EC, n=34), serous carcinoma (SC, n=10), and clear cell carcinoma (CCC, n=2). With regard to quantity and intensity of positively stained cells, immunostaining was scored as negative, low, and strong. Nuclear PARP immunoreactivity was found in all cases. If present, DFF45 immunoreactivity was detected predominantly in the nucleus and to some extent in the cytoplasm. PARP immunoreactivity increased significantly from NE via NAH to AH (P=0.0004), and decreased from AH to endometrial carcinomas (P=0.0054). DFF45 immunoreactivity increased significantly from NE to NAH and to AH (P=0.0009). No significant differences were calculated between AH and endometrial carcinomas (P=0.7495). FIGO stages and tumor grades could not be characterized by PARP and DFF45 immunoexpression (P=1.000 and 0.7383, as well as P=0.3034 and 0.7533, respectively). Pearson correlation revealed significant associations of PARP and DFF45 immunoscores for all diagnostic categories of NE, NAH, AH, EC, and SC/CCC. Immunoexpression of PARP and DFF45 is apparently altered in endometrial carcinomas as compared with non-neoplastic endometrial tissues, indicating impaired mechanisms of apoptosis in the former.     

The efficiency of Poly(ADP‐Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) cleavage on detection of apoptosis in an experimental model of testicular torsion

The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological and apoptotic changes occurring in the rat ipsilateral and contralateral testes, after experimental spermatic cord torsion, and to explore and the role of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in testicular torsion–detorsion injury. A total of 37 Wistar albino rats were subjected to 720° unilateral spermatic cord torsion for 1, 2 and 4 h, followed by 4‐h reperfusion, or else to a sham operation (control group). Histology of the testicle was evaluated using haematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and Johnsen's scoring system. Germ cell apoptosis was evaluated via active caspase‐3 immunostaining, and PARP expression levels were evaluated via Western blotting. The mean Johnsen's tubular biopsy scores (JTBS) of the ipsilateral testicles were lower for all torsion groups than for the controls (P < 0.05), but the JTBS of the contralateral testicles were only lower in the 4‐h torsion group (P < 0.05). The mean apoptosis score (AS) of the ipsilateral and contralateral testicles was significantly higher in the torsion groups than in the sham group. AS increased correlatively with torsion time, in both testicles. The effect of testicular torsion on PARP cleavage was time dependent, with the highest effect observed after 4 h of testicular torsion (P < 0.05). Testicular torsion caused time‐dependent histological changes, apoptosis and increases in PARP cleavage. Our results suggest that testicular torsion–detorsion injury caused cell damage and germ cell apoptosis that apparently involved cleavage of PARP. Increased PARP cleavage could, in turn, lead to enhanced apoptosis.     

Miscibility and Intermolecular Specific Interactions in Blends of Poly(hydroxyether sulfone) and Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)

Summary: The blends of poly(hydroxyether sulfone) (PHES) with poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPy) were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR spectroscopy. The miscibility of the blend system was established on the basis of the thermal analysis results. DSC showed that the PHES/PVPy blends prepared by casting from N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) possessed single, composition‐dependent glass transition temperatures, indicating that the blends are miscible in the entire composition. The experimental glass transition temperatures have higher values than those calculated on the basis of additive behavior; the variation of the glass transition temperatures of the blends was accounted for by the Kwei equation. FTIR studies indicate that competitive hydrogen bonding interactions exist upon addition of PVPy to the system, which were involved in the self‐ and cross‐association, i.e., ? OH···O?S, ? OH···OH of PHES and ? OH···O?C< of PVPy. The FTIR spectra in the range of the sulfonyl stretching vibrations showed that the hydroxyl‐associated sulfonyl groups are partially “set free” upon addition of PVPy to the system. The IR spectroscopic investigation of both the model compounds and the PHES/PVPy blends suggests that the strength of the hydrogen bonding interactions in the blend system increases in the following order: ? OH···O?S, ? OH···OH and ? OH···O?C<.

Plot of glass transition temperature for PHES/PVPy blends as a function of weight fraction of PVPy. The prediction of the Kwei equation yields the values of k = 1 and q = 122.     

米诺环素后处理通过抑制PARP过度活化减轻心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

目的:探讨米诺环素后处理能否通过抑制多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1(PARP-1)过度活化减轻大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤。方法:结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支45 min,再灌注2 h,建立心肌I/R模型。将90只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术(sham)组,I/R组,低、高剂量米诺环素组及PARP抑制剂3-氨基苯甲酰胺(3-AB)组。氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)和伊文思蓝双染法检测心肌梗死范围,HE染色观察心肌组织形态学改变,TUNEL法评估心肌细胞凋亡程度,酶联免疫吸附法测定血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)含量,Western blot法检测再灌注心肌及外周血白细胞内PARP-1活化产物多腺苷二磷酸核糖(PAR)的表达。结果:与sham组比较,心肌、外周血白细胞内PAR表达及血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量明显升高。与I/R组比较,米诺环素低、高剂量及3-AB后处理组均能显著减少梗死范围及心肌细胞凋亡程度,同时明显降低心肌、外周血白细胞内PAR表达及血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量。米诺环素高剂量组与3-AB组比较无显著差异。结论:米诺环素后处理可能通过抑制心肌及外周血白细胞PARP过度活化减轻大鼠心肌I/R损伤。