环氧化酶-2抑制剂抑制眼部新生血管临床应用新进展

眼部新生血管一直是眼科界的难题之一,发病机制尚未完全清楚.目前,炎症与新生血管的关系成为了研究热点,其中环氧化酶_2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)逐渐受到人们的重视.COX-2与新生血管密切相关,它通过诱导血管内皮生长因子等血管生长因子或其他途径采促进新生血管的生长.近年来,COX-2抑制剂对角膜新生血管、视网膜新生血管、脉络膜新生血管等抑制作用的研究取得进展,本文就COX-2的生物学特性及其抑制剂在抑制眼部新生血管方面的应用作一综述.     

改良内皮抑素与眼部新生血管的研究进展(英文)

内皮抑素是一种强有力的内源性血管生成抑制因子。它抑制血管内皮细胞的增生,迁移,且无毒性、无耐药性。内皮抑素在体外不稳定,需长期大剂量用药,如何提高内皮抑素生物活性是当今一个热门话题。内皮抑素可以通过化学共价修饰或基因突变改变其结构,提高其稳定性与抑制新生血管活性。我们旨在探讨改良内皮抑素与眼部新生血管的研究进展,并讨论改良内皮抑素的优越性。研究改良内皮抑素也有助于我们了解内皮抑素作用的分子机制.改良内皮抑素有望作为一种新的血管生成抑制剂应用于临床,从而取代内皮抑素。     

可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2及其对眼新生血管抑制作用的研究进展

新生血管形成是很多重要眼部疾病的共同病理改变,血管内皮生长因子（vascularendo-thelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）是血管生成重要的促进因子。近年来,可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2（solubleVEGFreceptor-2,sVEGFR-2）被证实为一种VEGF促血管生成信号转导通路的天然抑制剂。有研究表明,它与眼部新生血管的发生发展密切相关,可作为新生血管性眼病的抑制因子及其血清标志物而具有临床应用价值。本文就sVEGFR-2在抗眼部新生血管中作用的研究进展予以综述。     

PEDF在眼部疾病中的研究进展

色素上皮源性因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)是目前发现的最有效的内源性眼部新生血管抑制物,其具有抑制新生血管生成、神经营养及神经保护等功能.越来越多的研究显示,PEDF能够抑制角膜、脉络膜、视网膜新生血管的形成,成为治疗这类疾病的靶点之一.另外有研究发现其还是一种内源性的抗炎因子,是理想的治疗多种眼部疾病的药物.本文就PEDF的结构、功能以及其在眼科疾病中的研究进展作一综述.     

抗血管内皮生长因子Bevacizumab在眼部新生血管中的应用新进展

眼部新生血管性病变是致盲的主要原因之一,大量的研究证据表明血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是新生血管形成的关键调控因子。Bevaci-zumab是世界上首个批准上市的血管内皮因子抑制剂由于其强大的抗新生血管作用,在眼科新生血管性疾病治疗中有广泛的应用前景。本文对VEGF的特性、VEGF在眼部新生血管形成中的作用和Bevacizumab作用机制、应用范围进行综述。     

血管内皮抑素对眼内新生血管抑制的展望

血管内皮抑素(endostatin,ES)具有显著的特异性抑制血管内皮细胞生长的作用,为新生血管的治疗提供了新的方向。我国首次将血管内皮抑素研制成具有自主知识产权的国家一类新药Endostar(中文名恩度,YH-16)。目前血管内皮抑素在防治眼部新生血管性疾病方面已取得一些可喜的成就,我们就血管内皮抑素对眼内新生血管的治疗作用和治疗眼部新生血管性疾病的研究进展做一综述。     

Kringle结构及其在眼部新生血管性疾病中的应用

以异常新生血管形成为主要病理变化的新生血管性眼病是l临床常见、治疗棘手的致盲性眼病，一旦发生往往难以逆转，将导致严重的视力损害。近年来研究发现体内多种内源性蛋白所包含的带双硫键三环蛋白结构区的kringle结构具有抑制新生血管的作用，因此kringle结构域被认为是具有抑制新生血管作用的独立保守结构和功能单位。就近年来发现的具有抑制新生血管作用的kringle结构及其抑制眼部新生血管的作用进行综述，以期对研究新生血管抑制剂有所提示。     

眼部新生血管与抗血管内皮生长因子治疗

眼部新生血管性病变是致盲的主要原因之一,可见于多种眼底疾病,其确切的发病机制尚不完全清楚.大量的研究证据表明血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是新生血管形成的关键调控因子.本文对VEGF的特性、VEGF在眼部新生血管形成中的作用和抗VEGF治疗进行综述.     

Avastin在眼科应用的研究进展

Avastin是第一个被美国FDA批准的通过抑制血管生成发挥抗癌作用的新药,是现行几种抗血管生成制剂之一,可抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的生成,近年研究表明,该药在治疗眼部新生血管性以及渗出性病变中疗效显著,而且价格便宜,应用前景十分广阔。     

内皮祖细胞与视网膜新生血管

视网膜新生血管可见于多种眼部疾病,是引起视力损害的重要原因之一.新近研究发现,循环中的血管内皮祖细胞在视网膜新生血管的形成中起重要作用,并影响新生血管的严重程度.这一发现为视网膜新生血管的防治提供了新思路.针对血管内皮祖细胞的动员、趋化和黏附等治疗视网膜新生血管的方法正在探索中.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.