氨茶碱对心肺转流下心脏手术患儿肺功能的影响

目的 研究氨茶碱在心肺转流(CPB)术中对肺功能的保护作用.方法 择期行先天性心脏病手术的患儿40例,年龄2～6岁.体重12～20 kg,随机分为氨茶碱组(A组)和对照组(C组),每组20例.A组于麻醉诱导插管后先静脉缓慢(5 min内)注射浓度为1 mg/ml的氨茶碱2mg/kg.其后按0.5 mg·kg-1·h-1经微量泵持续静脉输注浓度为1 mg/ml的氨茶碱至CPB结束.C组以生理盐水替代A组用的氨茶碱作为对照.监测给氨茶碱前(T1)、停机后5 min(T2)、30 min(T3)、60 min(T4)的静态肺顺应性(Cst)和动态肺顺应性(Cdyn);记录HR、MAP、中心静脉压(CVP)、潮气量(VT)、气道峰压(Pmax)、平均气道压(Paw)、气道平台压(Pplat)、呼气末正压(PEEP)、吸入氧浓度(FiO2)、PaO2、PaCO2.计算呼吸指数(R1)及氧合指数(OI).检测血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)浓度.结果 T2、T3时A组HR显著加快.并快于C组(P＜0.05).T2～T4时C组OI、Cst、Cdyn较T1及同时点的A组明显下降,而Paw及R1明显升高(P＜0.05).C组T2～T4时TNF-α、IL-8浓度显著高于T1时及A组(P＜0.05).结论 氨茶碱可通过抑制CPB的炎性反应对手术患儿具有良好的肺功能保护作用.     

常温心肺转流下心脏手术

常渐体外循环心脏手术，体外循环时间缩短，术后恢复早，可防止低温对心脏和脑引起的损害，大动脉阻断１２０ｍｉｎ是安全的，为了保持氧供需平衡。必须保持高流量体外循环，Ｈｂ应在５０ｇ／Ｌ以上，体外循环方法和麻醉与低温基本相同。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环诱发犬肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环(CPB)诱发犬肺损伤的影响.方法 成年犬36只,雌雄不拘,体重15 ～ 16 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=18):CPB组(C组)和N-乙酰半胱氨酸组(N组).右锁骨下动脉和右心房分别插管,制备CPB模型,N组于CPB前即刻静脉注射N-乙酰半胱氨酸150mg/kg,然后以20 mg·kg-1·h-1速率静脉输注至CPB结束后60 min;C组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于CPB前、CPB结束后30、60 min时采集动脉血样,进行动脉血气分析,计算呼吸指数和氧合指数;然后处死动物,取肺组织,测定MDA含量、SOD活性和转化生长因子-β1( TGF-β1) mRNA表达;光镜和电镜下观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,N组呼吸指数和肺组织MDA含量降低,氧合指数和肺组织SOD活性升高,TGF-β1 mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05或0.01),肺组织病理学损伤程度明显减轻.结论 N-乙酰半胱氨酸可减轻CPB诱发犬肺损伤,其机制与减轻脂质过氧化反应,下调肺组织TGF-β1表达有关.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环(CPB)下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 择期CPB下行心脏瓣膜置换术的风湿性心脏病患者22例,性别不限,年龄21-60岁,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,心功能Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=11):对照组(C组)和N-乙酰半胱氨酸组(N组).N组预充液中加入N-乙酰半胱氨酸100 mg/kg,停搏液中加入50 mg/kg,C组给予生理盐水替代.于麻醉诱导前10 min和术毕时,记录HR、MAP、中心静脉压(CVP)、肺动脉压(PAP)、肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、心输出量(CO)和心脏指数(CI).于切皮前即刻、主动脉开放后0.5、6、12和24 h时,采集桡动脉血样行血气分析,采集中心静脉血样测定血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的浓度和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.于CPB前即刻和停机即刻,取心肌组织,计数凋亡细胞,观察心肌细胞超微结构.结果 与c组比较,N组HR、MAP、CVP、PAP、PCWP、pH值、红细胞压积、动脉血氧分压、动脉血二氧化碳分压和剩余碱差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),主动脉开放后TNF-α、IL-6、cTnI和MDA的浓度降低,SOD活性升高,CPB停机即刻心肌凋亡细胞计数降低,术毕CO和CI升高(P<0.05或0.01),心肌病理损伤减轻.结论 N-乙酰半胱氨酸可减轻体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

盐酸氨溴索对体外循环心内直视手术患儿肺损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸氨溴索对体外循环(CPB)心内直视手术患儿肺损伤的影响.方法 36例拟行室间隔缺损修补术患儿,年龄3～8岁,随机分为3组(n=12),A1组和A2组切皮后即刻分别静脉注射盐酸氨溴索2.25、4.50 ms/ks,C组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于切皮前即刻、CPB 20 min、开放升主动脉20 min停机2 h、停机6 h和术后12 h采集桡动脉血样,测定血浆丙二醛(MDA)浓度和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并进行血气分析,计算呼吸指数(RI)和肺顺应性(CL).结果 与C组及A1组比较,A2组血浆MDA浓度和RI降低,血浆SOD活性升高(P＜0.05或0.01);A2组CL高于C组(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸氨溴索4.50 mg/kg可减轻CPB心内直视手术患儿肺损伤,其机制与减轻脂质过氧化反应有关.     

体外循环下心脏手术肺保护策略

背景 肺损伤是心脏手术体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)的主要并发症之一,肺保护一直是临床、实验研究热点.目的 为CPB下心脏手术肺保护提供参考.内容 就近年来心脏手术CPB期间通气策略和麻醉药物、CPB设备和技术、肺动脉灌注技术、药物干预对肺保护作用的进展进行综述.趋向 CPB下心脏手术...     

甘利欣对心肺转流手术血浆选择素P和肺气体交换功能的影响

目的 研究甘利欣对心肺转流(CPB)心脏直视手术血浆选择素P(P-selectin)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、血液中性粒细胞(PMNs)和肺换气功能的影响。方法 24例行心脏二尖瓣瓣膜置换术患者,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,随机分为对照组(C组,n=12)和甘利欣组(G组,n=12)。分别测定患者CPB前后左右心房血浆P-selectin、TNF-α和血液PMNs;根据血气分析计算CPB手术前后患者呼吸指数(RI)和氧合指数(OI)的变化,记录术后24h临床指标的变化。结果 CPB后两组患者P-selectin、TNF-α、PMNs均升高,但G组变化小于C组(P＜0．05)。与C组相比较,G组患者术后RI、OI及拔除气管导管后自主呼吸频率均优于C组(P＜0．05)。两组患者手术后呼吸机辅助时间以及撤除气管内导管后血液动力学变化的比较无显著性差异(P＞0．05)。结论 CPB术中存在肺炎症反应;甘利欣可在一定程度上缓解CPB术后患者血浆P-selectin和TNF-α上升程度,减少PMNs粘附,减轻肺炎症反应。     

乌司他丁对患儿心肺转流手术后肺功能影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价乌司他丁对患儿心肺转流(CPB)心脏直视手术后肺功能的影响。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library(2014年第1期)、知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普和万方数据库,时间从建库至2015年10月,查找CPB心脏手术围术期患儿使用乌司他丁对呼吸系统功能影响的随机对照试验(RCT),使用RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果最终共纳入19篇RCT,共计657例患儿。乌司他丁可以明显改善患儿术后PaO2(SMD=0.90,95%CI 0.52~1.28,P0.01)及氧合指数(OI)(SMD=1.01,95%CI 0.45~1.56,P0.01);减小肺泡-动脉血氧分压差PA-aO2(SMD=-0.87,95%CI-1.70~-0.03,P=0.04)、呼吸指数(RI)(SMD=-0.81,95%CI-1.51~-0.11,P=0.02)、气道峰压(Ppeak)(SMD=-0.83,95%CI-1.18~-0.48,P0.01),改善肺动态顺应性(Cd)(SMD=1.10,95%CI 0.57~1.62,P0.01),缩短呼吸机通气时间(MVT)(SMD=-0.98,95%CI-1.59~-0.36,P0.01)。结论乌司他丁可在一定程度上改善心脏手术CPB过程中患儿的肺功能,但所选文章均非多中心、严格对照论文,结论有待进一步研究。     

不同浓度七氟醚对静态膨肺患者心肺转流后肺气体交换的影响

目的评价不同浓度七氟醚静态膨肺对心肺转流(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)后肺气体交换及术后气管留管时间的影响。方法择期行CPB下瓣膜置换手术患者75例,男39例,女36例,年龄22～65岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为三组:每组25例。CPB期间停止呼吸后,予持续静态膨胀,呼吸环路压力维持10cmH2O,膨肺气体采用空气,分别复合吸入1%七氟醚(L组)或2%七氟醚(H组),对照组(N组)不复合吸入七氟醚。分别于切皮前、CPB停机后1、3、6h抽取动脉血行血气分析。计算肺泡-动脉氧分压差[D(A-a)O_2]、呼吸指数(RI)和氧合指数(OI)。记录术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间。结果与切皮前比较,CPB停机后1、3、6h三组D(A-a)O_2、RI明显升高(P0.05);CPB停机后1h三组OI明显降低(P0.05)。三组不同时点D(A-a)O_2、RI和OI差异无统计学意义。三组CPB停机后1、3、6h发生OI300mmHg的比例、术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间差异无统计学意义。结论心脏瓣膜置换手术CPB期间,静态膨肺采用10cmH2O压力,复合吸入1%或2%浓度七氟醚,与单纯静态膨肺比较,不能进一步改善CPB后患者肺气体交换,不影响术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间。     

芬太尼对心肺转流心脏手术围术期血浆炎性反应介质水平的影响

目的　比较不同剂量芬太尼对心肺转流 (CPB)心脏手术患者围术期血浆C 反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 )水平的影响。方法　随机、双盲将择期心脏手术患者 2 4例分为两组 ,一组为芬太尼 0 0 2 5mg/kg组 (A组 ) ,另一组为芬太尼 0 0 1mg/kg组 (B组 ) ,每组 12例。分别于全麻诱导前 (基础 ,T0 )、主动脉开放后 (T1)、CPB停机后 (T2 )、术毕 (T3 )、术后 2 4h(T4)、术后 4 8h(T5)抽取患者中心静脉血 ,采用放射免疫法定量测定CRP、TNF α、IL 8和IL 10的血浆水平。结果　A组和B组TNF α在T0 、T1、T2 、T3 、T4、T5血浆浓度相比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。CRP在T4时 ,A组高于B组 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 8血浆浓度在T0时A组值高于B组 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 10在T0 、T1,B组高于A组 (P <0 0 5 )。两组TNF α其他时点与T0 相比 ,无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。CRP在两组中T4、T5与T0 相比均有显著升高 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 8在A组除T1外各个时点与T0 比均有显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在B组中除T5外各个时点值与T0 相比均有显著升高 (P <0 0 5 )。IL 10在A组中 ,各时点与T0 相比较均有显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而在B组中除T5外其他各时点血浆浓度值与T0 相比 ,无显著     

不同剂量丙泊酚对心肺转流下心内直视手术患者肾小球功能的影响

目的研究不同剂量丙泊酚对心肺转流（CPB）患者肾小球功能的影响。方法择期心内直视手术患者90例,随机分为对照组（C组）、小剂量丙泊酚组（LP组）和大剂量丙泊酚组（HP组）,每组30例。LP组和HP组于麻醉诱导后分别输注丙泊酚5、10mg·kg^-1·h^-1至术毕。分别于术前（T0）、转流后2h（T1）、转流后4h（T2）和术后24h（T3）留尿测定尿微量白蛋白和尿肌酐。结果与T0比较,三组患者T1时尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值均显著升高（P〈0．05）,术后恢复至基础水平;与C组比较,HP组T1时尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论大剂量丙泊酚能减轻CPB所致的肾小球功能早期损害。     

体外循环中白细胞滤除对心脏手术后患者肾功能的影响

目的 评价体外循环复温时滤过外周血白细胞对心脏手术患者术后肾功能的影响。方法 择期瓣膜置换术患者34例,随机分为2组（n=17）：对照组（C组）和白细胞滤除组（LD组）。C组不使用白细胞过滤器,LD组于泵后动脉微栓滤器前串联一个白细胞过滤器,复温前开放白细胞过滤器侧路,复温开始后关闭侧路并开始滤过外周血中的白细胞直至CPB终止。分别于术前、主动脉开放前即刻、主动脉开放后5min、1h、24h采动脉血,检测红细胞压积、血小板计数、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数和血浆TNF-α、IL-8浓度;于术前、术后1、3、5d取新鲜晨尿,检测尿中N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖酐酶（NAG）、α1微球蛋白（α1MG）、β2微球蛋白（β2MG）水平,同时采血测定血清尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）浓度。结果 与C组比较,LD组于主动脉开放后5min、1h、24h白细胞计数和中性粒细胞计数较低（P＜0．05或0．01）,血浆TNF-α、IL-8浓度于主动脉开放后5min、1h较低（P＜0．01）,术后1、3、5 d尿NAG、α1MG、β2MG水平均较低（P＜0．01）。结论 体外循环中白细胞滤除通过减少活化的白细胞,减轻炎性反应,从而减轻心脏手术后患者肾功能损伤。     

参附注射液对心脏直视术中心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨参附注射液在体外循环(CPB)心脏直视术中的心肌保护作用.方法 60例择期心脏手术病人随机分成参附组和对照组,每组30例.参附组将2ml/kg的参附注射液加入体外循环预充液中.分别在术前、升主动脉阻断30 min、升主动脉开放再灌注10 min时测定血清磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LOH)含量.测定心肌缺血30 min、缺血再灌注10 min时血浆肌钙蛋白cTnI的浓度.应用透射电镜观察心肌细胞超微结构改变,并对线粒体进行体视学分析.结果 两组病人心肌酶谱、cTnI含量在升主动脉阻断开放后显著升高.缺血30 min时参附组cTnI为(1.19±1.18)mg/ml,对照组cTnI为(2.49±1.68)ng/ml;心肌再寝注10min时参附组cTnI为(4.58±2.22)ng/ml,对照组(9.17±7.43)ng/ml,两组比较,各时点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).超微结构及体视学分析都显示参附注射液能明显减轻心肌细胞、组织结构及线粒体的损伤程度.结论 参附注射液对心肌有一定保护作用,在一定程度上能减轻体外循环期间的心肌缺血,再灌注损伤.     

七氟烷预处理对体外循环患者炎性反应的影响

目的 观察七氟烷预处理对体外循环（GPB）患者炎性反应的影响，探讨其心肌保护作用机制。方法 30例择期CPB下心内直视手术患者，随机分成2组（n=15）：对照组（C组）和七氟烷预处理组（S组）。S组手术开始至CPB前吸入七氟烷（呼气末浓度2％）20min，随后给以10min洗脱期，而C组患者只吸入纯氧。分别于麻醉诱导前即刻（T0）、主动脉开放后10 min（T1）、CPB后即刻（T2）、4h（T2）、24h（T4）采集桡动脉血，测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、细胞粘附分子（ICAM）-1、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）及心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnⅠ）水平，并观察主动脉开放后心脏自主复跳情况。结果 与T0时比较，2组T1-4时TNE-α、ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-8、CK-MB及cTnⅠ水平均升高（P〈0．01）;与C组比较，S组T1-4时TNT-α、IL-6、IL-8浓度均降低，T2-4时ICAM-1、CK-MB、cTnⅠ水平均降低，心脏自主复跳率较高（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论 七氟烷预处理（吸入2％七氟醚2 h）通过抑制炎性反应，对CPB患者心肌产生一定的保护作用。