船员屈指肌腱损伤的治疗

目的探讨船员屈指肌腱损伤的特点和治疗方法。方法对本院收治的５２例船员屈指肌腱损伤临床资料进行总结并着重对治疗效果进行分析。结果本组Ⅰ期修复４３例１６８条,Ⅱ期修复９例２４条。术中用套圈缝合法或改良Ｋｅｓｓｌｅｒ法缝接肌腱,Ⅱ期行粘连肌腱松解术８例２５条,术后２４小时开始功能锻炼。治疗效果经对４３例１４６条随访３个月～３年（平均１年６个月）,根据ＴＡＭ疗效标准评定为：锐割伤５７条中,优４７条,良８条,中２条,优良率为９６．５％;缆绳绞轧伤３６条中,良２１条,中９条,差６条,优良率为５８．３％;压榨断开伤５３条中,优２９条,良１６条,中６条,差２条,优良率为８４．９％。结论屈指肌腱损伤疗效与损伤类型关系密切。锐器切割伤疗效最佳,缆绳绞轧伤最差。对缆绳绞轧伤应积极创造条件,采取相应措施,以提高其疗效     

臭氧联合利美达松注射治疗膝骨关节炎89例

膝骨关节炎是多发于中老年人的慢性退行性关节疾病,临床表现以关节疼痛、变形和活动受限为主,严重者长期疼痛,登楼及步行困难,严重影响生活质量。     

腹部闭合性损伤89例临床分析

我院自1974-1984年，共收治闭合性腹部损伤89例，现分析如下。     

68名船员四肢周围神经损伤的显微外科治疗

我院自 1989年 9月～ 1999年 12月应用显微外科技术治疗船员四肢创伤性周围神经损伤 6 8例 72条 ,经随访观察 ,疗效满意 ,报告如下。一、临床资料1.一般资料 :本组共 6 8例 ,其中渔民 5 2例 ,舰船人员16例 ;男 6 5例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 19～ 5 6岁 ,平均 38.5岁。致伤原因有锐器切割伤、刺伤 2 1例 ,机器挤压、绞轧伤 40例 ,火器伤 7例。受伤距手术时间最短 2 h,最长半年 ,4周以内 期修复 5 2例 5 5条神经。6 8例 72条神经损伤的分布 :正中神经 2 9条 (上臂 5条 ,肘部 5条 ,前臂 14条 ,腕掌部 5条 ) ,尺神经 15条 (上臂 6条 ,前臂 9条 ) ,桡神…     

四环素散治疗船员肛裂56例

四环素散治疗船员肛裂５６例鞠学义，张至钊自１９８９年起作者采用四环素散外敷治疗船员肛裂５６例，效果较满意，现介绍如下。一、临床资料本组５６例，均为男性船员。年龄１８～３５岁；病程最短１个月，最长３年。肛裂分期标准：Ⅰ期（３４例）：肛管上皮组织浅表层撕...     

52例下肢大血管损伤的诊治

目的 总结下肢大血管损伤的诊治经验。方法 1994年5月-2000年12月收治下肢大血管损伤52例,ISS-90评分9-26倒退,平均13分,Ⅰ期血管吻合39例,其中自体静脉移植6例,血管端-端吻合22例;血管修补6例,切开取血栓5例,结扎2例,结果 术后随访3个月,47例下肢循环良好,其中39例按Whitman分级为好（伤肢行走不同支具）,8例因神经损伤及骨折因素,分别于伤后6-12个月功能恢复良好。5例截肢。结论 采用多普勒技术早期诊断,正确掌握手术时机并行皮肤小切口,深筋膜充分切开减压,能减少下肢大血管损伤致残率和截肢率。     

汽车仪表板致下肢损伤18例

临床资料　(1)一般资料:本组18例,男13例,女5例;年龄18～56岁,平均32.4岁。其中驾驶员12例,前排乘员6例。(2)伤情:汽车仪表板损伤均表现为多发性骨折及大关节脱位。其中:单纯股骨干骨折2例;双股骨干骨折3例;双髌骨骨折2例;双胫腓骨骨折3例;单侧股骨干骨折 胫腓骨骨折2例;单侧胫腓骨骨折 髋关节后脱位 髋臼骨折2例;双胫腓骨骨折 双髋关节后脱位2例,1例伴有髋臼骨折,另1例伴有股骨头骨折;单侧胫腓骨多段骨折 股骨转子间粉碎性骨折伴坐骨神经损伤1例;左胫腓骨骨折 右膝关节脱位1例。合并伤:出血性休克3例;肝破裂1例;颅脑损伤2例。(3)治疗:首先…     

金龙利咽口服液治疗船员慢性咽炎100例

慢性咽炎是耳鼻喉科的常见病、多发病。它常发病于上呼吸道感染之后 ,发病机制复杂 ,症状长期缠绵不愈。在南海高温多湿地区 ,舰船人员慢性咽炎较为多见。笔者于 1 996～1 999年采用自拟的中药金龙利咽口服液治疗慢性咽炎 1 0 0例 ,疗效明显优于同期采用常规西药治疗的 82例慢性咽炎患者 ,现报告如下。一、临床资料1 .一般资料 :(1 )中药组 :1 0 0例患者为男性船员 ,年龄1 8～ 42岁 ,病程 1个月～ 6年。 (2 )常规西药组 :82例为我部门诊与住院男性患者 ,年龄 1 8～ 44岁 ,病程 1个月～ 6年 ,两组患者年龄与病程无明显差异。两组病例均按国家…     

锐器损伤下肢大血管37例临床分析

目的探讨锐器损伤下肢血管的救治经验。方法对我院2001至2009年救治下肢血管锐器伤37例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果采用自体静脉或人造血管移植8例,血管吻合9例,血管修补13例,结扎5例,栓塞2例。其中死亡2例,截肢2例。结论下肢主要血管损伤救治原则是快速诊断、快速止血、快速救治,应仔细做好深静脉的修复。     

飞行人员和地勤人员前庭植物神经反应的比较研究

为眼震电图示前庭眼反射正常的飞行人员和地勤人员各30例进行冷热水试验时、视动刺激时和Coriolis加速度刺激时的胃电图记录，对其前庭植物神经反应进行比较研究。结果表明：冷热水试验时飞行人员和地勤人员的胃电频率和振幅无明显差异；视动刺激和Coriolis加速度刺激时飞行人员的胃电振幅明显低于地勤人员。结论认为前庭植物神经反应的稳定性是可以通过长期锻炼而获得的；视动刺激和Coriolis加速度刺激时的胃电振幅的定量测定可做为飞行人员医学选拔、晕机病的诊断及其矫治效果评定的客观依据之一。     

Armored vehicle crew casualties

The use of armored vehicles since the First World War has created a subset of casualties with a different epidemiology than infantry soldier casualties. The preponderance of armored fighting vehicles (AFVs) in the world's armies make their use in a future war likely. The purpose of this paper is to review the nature of possible injuries to crewmembers of these vehicles by historical and experimental data. Injuries to armored vehicle crewmembers are characterized by a large number of burn casualties, a larger percentage of fractures and traumatic amputations with extremity wounds, and a higher mortality when compared with infantry footsoldier combat casualty statistics.     

Diagnostics, treatment and expert evaluation of air crew members with polypoid growth in the gallbladder]

The article discusses results of diagnosing and treatment of various forms of gallbladder polypoid growth (GBPG) in air crew members in the past 10 yr. period. Growth of polyps was detected in 12.1% of pilots with gallbladder pathologies. Timely and correct diagnostics with the use of radiologic visualization may prevent unwarranted surgery of the hepatobilizry system and thus extend the flying longevity. Ultrasound Doppler investigation is particularly effective in diagnosing early GBPG. High quality of visual differentiation attainable with these techniques made it possible to diagnose the nonneoplastic nature of GBPG in 75% of cases that did not require operational treatment. In most cases the authors' diagnostic and treatment algorithm reduced the amount of surgical activity and prolonged ace careers.     

Aircrew perceived stress: examining crew performance, crew position and captains personality

This study was conducted at NASA Ames Research Center as a part of a larger research project assessing the impact of captain's personality on crew performance and perceived stress in 24 air transport crews (5). Three different personality types for captains were classified based on a previous cluster analysis (3). Crews were comprised of three crewmembers: captain, first officer, and second officer/flight engineer. A total of 72 pilots completed a 1.5-d full-mission simulation of airline operations including emergency situations in the Ames Manned Vehicle System Research Facility B-727 simulator. Crewmembers were tested for perceived stress on four dimensions of the NASA Task Load Index after each of five flight legs. Crews were divided into three groups based on rankings from combined error and rating scores. High performance crews (who committed the least errors in flight) reported experiencing less stress in simulated flight than either low or medium crews. When comparing crew positions for perceived stress over all the simulated flights no significant differences were found. However, the crews led by the "Right Stuff" (e.g., active, warm, confident, competitive, and preferring excellence and challenges) personality type captains typically reported less stress than crewmembers led by other personality types.     

MR引导下医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理

目的:探讨MR引导下医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理措施。方法:对26例患者进行磁共振引导下经皮腰椎突出间盘注射医用臭氧治疗术的术前术后护理。术前细致周到的心理护理,并进行适当的体位训练。术后重点为细心观察病情,做好预防和体位护理,指导协助患者进行康复练习。结果:经1~6个月随访,总有效率达92.3%。大多数患者取得了好的疗效,术后均未发生护理并发症。结论:MR引导下医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症是一种有效、安全的微创新方法,其护理工作是保障手术成功的关键。     

小针刀加医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理

腰椎间盘突出症是由于腰椎间盘变性、纤维环破坏、髓核组织突出刺激和压迫马尾神经或神经根所引起的一种综合征,是腰腿痛最常见的原因之一,为骨科常见病和多发病。     

臭氧联合胶原酶注射与单纯臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的 观察臭氧联合胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)与单纯臭氧治疗椎间盘突出症的不同疗效.方法 在DSA导向下,正侧位透视后准确定位,采用9号穿刺针经皮穿刺向椎间盘内单纯注射臭氧或先后注射臭氧及胶原酶治疗76例腰椎间盘突出患者.结果 治疗后1、3和6个月进行随访.1个月后随访,臭氧联合胶原晦注射治疗组(A组,38例...     

89例闭合性肾损伤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨提高闭合性肾损伤的诊断和治疗水平。方法对1996年1月～2007年12月收治的89例闭合性肾损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,综合应用尿常规、B超、CT等检查确诊。肾损伤分级：Ⅰ—Ⅴ级分别为19、23、27、14、6例。合并其他脏器损伤12例,其中颅脑伤1例,肺挫伤1例,肝、脾、肠等腹腔脏器伤7例,肋骨、脊柱、骨盆、四肢骨折3例。根据病情选择保守治疗69例（77．53％）,手术治疗20例（22．47％）,其中肾切除15例,保肾手术5例,其他合并伤均进行了相应手术或其他保守治疗。结果本组89例均痊愈出院,无死亡病例。结论B超可作为肾损伤尤其是急诊肾损伤患者首选检查,CT检查是闭合性肾损伤快速准确诊断、正确评估肾损伤程度和选择治疗方案的重要依据,合理保肾是闭合性肾损伤的有效治疗方法。     

Intercultural crew issues in long-duration spaceflight

Before long-duration flights with international crews can be safely undertaken, potential interpersonal difficulties will need to be addressed. Crew performance breakdown has been recognized by the American Institute of Medicine, in scientific literature, and in popular culture. However, few studies of human interaction and performance in confined, isolated environments exist, and the data pertaining to those studies are mostly anecdotal. Many incidents involving crew interpersonal dynamics, those among flight crews, as well as between flight crews and ground controllers, are reported only in non-peer reviewed books and newspapers. Consequently, due to this lack of concrete knowledge, the selection of astronauts and cosmonauts has focused on individual rather than group selection. Additional selection criteria such as interpersonal and communication competence, along with intercultural training, will have a decisive impact on future mission success. Furthermore, industrial psychological research has demonstrated the ability to select a group based on compatibility. With all this in mind, it is essential to conduct further research on heterogeneous, multi-national crews including selection and training for long-duration space missions.