人阴茎海绵体微血管构筑的研究

目的：阐明人阴茎海绵体微血管构筑及其生理意义。方法：阴茎血管铸型扫描电子显微镜下观察。结果：阴茎海绵体内纵行的动脉发出无数树状分支,其中部分分支为毛细血管,此毛细血管汇合后注入白膜下静脉丛;部分形成螺旋动脉,与海绵窦相交通。在阴茎海绵体表面,环动脉的分支亦部分与海绵窦相通,部分分为毛细血管。引流海绵窦血液的窦后小静脉相互吻合形成白膜下静脉丛,白膜下静脉丛汇合后形成导静脉。结论：①在阴茎海绵体内有营养性的毛细血管系统和功能性的螺旋动脉系统;②在阴茎海绵体表面存在白膜下静脉丛。     

眼静脉与海绵窦前间隙的显微外科解剖学

目的：为临床治疗眶上裂区域的肿瘤和颈内动脉海绵窦瘘提供显微外科解剖学依据。方法：应用成人头颅湿标本在16倍显微镜下,观测海绵窦前间隙、眶内引流静脉及相互之间的关系,和胎儿眶上裂区血管铸型标本。结果：眼上静脉在眶内分为3段,各段直径平均为(2．13～2．57)mm,眼上、下静脉在眶内汇合形成长约(4．35～4．97)mm的眼静脉总干,眼静脉总干从海绵窦前间隙前方或前下方与海绵窦前间隙相连,眼静脉总干呈纺锤型。结论：本文结果为临床选择该区域适当的手术入路打下基础,经眼上静脉治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘是可行的。     

海绵窦的显微解剖及其手术入路研究进展

海绵窦(Cavernous Sinus,CS)是中颅窝底的重要结构,也是颅底病灶常侵犯及累及的部位.1965年Parkinson在行颈内动脉海绵窦瘘修补术获得成功,并对Parkinson三角作出了定义,从而为海绵窦手术治疗开创了新阶段.……     

海绵窦的断层解剖及其临床意义

目的：为海绵窦的影像学诊断和外科学治疗提供解剖学依据。方法：利用头颅连续断层标本,观察海绵窦在各断面上的位置、大小、形态、内部结构和毗邻。结果：海绵窦平均长２１．１±３．２ｍｍ,宽８．７±０．７ｍｍ,外侧壁高１４．７±３．３ｍｍ,内侧壁高１６．４±１．３ｍｍ。颈内动脉和展神经位于海绵窦壁内,脑神经Ⅲ～Ⅴ位于海绵窦外侧壁内,这些神经与颈内动脉之间有恒定的位置关系。在颈内动脉的内侧、下方及外下方可出现静脉间隙,出现率分别为６９％、４３％和１００％。海绵窦外侧壁硬脑膜可分为浅、深两层;浅层为形成颅中窝内侧壁的硬脑膜,深层构成脑神经Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ１和Ⅶ２的鞘及鞘之间的网状膜。结论：海绵窦静脉间隙和外侧壁脑膜结构的了解有助于影像学和显微外科学对海绵窦病变的评价和手术切除     

床突间隙显微外科解剖及概念的探讨

目的为经床突间隙(CS)进行海绵窦、鞍内、颈内动脉及眼动脉等病变的直接手术提供解剖依据,进一步澄清CS的概念.方法用22例成人头颅标本,在手术显微镜下从翼点和额下入路对前床突及周围结构进行直接解剖、观察和测量.结果CS是磨除前床突后留下的一楔形空间,其顶边宽(2.39±0.18)mm(0.64～4.10 mm),底边宽(5.34±0.16)mm(2 .66～7.00 mm),上内侧边长(7.67±0.33)mm(4.02～14.32 mm),下内侧边长(11.21±0.4 9)mm(4.24～17.06 mm),下侧边长(10.00±0.32)mm(5.6～14.26 mm),底高(7.87±0.35) mm(5.12～16.38 mm),尖端空间完全被颈内动脉(ICA)床突段所占据.ICA的远硬膜环和近硬膜环都不完整,动脉壁外常有海绵窦静脉丛,术中剥离ICA床突段可引起静脉丛出血.结论ICA床突段血管壁外有海绵窦静脉丛,它是海绵窦内结构,所以手术松解ICA床突段最好只剥离其内侧缘的ICA 穴,并为术中暴露CS后的空间大小提供了客观指标.     

海绵窦的断层解剖及其临床意义

目的：为海绵窦的影像学诊断和外科学治疗提供解剖学依据。方法：利用颅脑连续断层标本,观察海绵窦在各断面上的位置、大小、形态、结构和毗邻。结果：海绵窦平均长21．1±3．2mm,宽87±0．7mm,外侧壁高14．7±3．3mm,内侧壁高16．4±1.3mm。颈内动脉和展神经位于海绵窦内,第Ⅲ～Ⅳ对脑神经位于海绵窦外侧壁内,这些神经与颈内动脉之间有恒定的位置关系。在颈内动脉的内侧、下方及外下方可出现静脉间隙,出现率分别为69％、43％和100％。海绵窦外侧壁硬脑膜可分为浅、深两层;浅层为形成颅中窝内侧壁的硬脑膜,深层构成脑神经Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ1和Ⅴ2的鞘及鞘之间的网状膜。结论：海绵窦静脉间隙和外侧壁脑膜结构的了解有助于影像学和显微外科学对海绵窦病变作出评价和手术切除。     

上矢状窦起始段及其桥静脉属支的解剖学研究

目的:探讨上矢状窦血栓形成的原因及上矢状窦与其它硬脑膜静脉窦之间吻合的意义。方法:观察3例新鲜胎儿及婴儿尸体头部制作ABS铸型标本,15例湿性成人尸头标本的上矢状窦起始段形态及注入该部位桥静脉的支数、管径及其与周围其它硬脑膜静脉窦之间的吻合情况。结果:上矢状窦起始段的前端均为闭锁端,起始段长度为(10.9±1.0)cm,由前向后逐渐变宽,注入上矢状窦起始段的桥静脉多位于大脑半球的外侧面,左侧和右侧分别为(6.4±4.2)支和(5.6±3.4)支。上矢状窦通过大脑中浅静脉与海绵窦的吻合。结论:上矢状窦管腔内横穿小梁和纤维索以及桥静脉的锐角逆行注入是血栓形成的形态学和血液流变学基础;上矢状窦借大脑中浅静脉与海绵窦的吻合是保证上矢状窦的静脉血回流的形态学基础之一。     

经颅海绵窦手术的显微外科解剖及临床应用

目的：研究额颞眶-颧弓入路中,海绵窦的不同切开方法对其显微结构的显露,为海绵窦病变的直接手术提供安全手术入路。方法：10例成人头颅标本,采用经额颞眶-颧弓开颅,在显微镜下对海绵窦的侧方硬膜外,侧方硬膜下,及上方入路进行解剖学观察。并对16例海绵窦病变手术治疗的临床资料进行分析。结果：外侧硬膜外入路可用于显露三叉神经第2、3支,三叉神经节,海绵窦内颈内动脉后垂直段,外展神经及岩骨颈内动脉水平段;侧方硬膜下入路可用于显露海绵窦外侧前下,后上静脉间隙,以及所有走行在海绵窦内的颅神经和海绵窦内颈内动脉水平段;上方入路可用于显露海绵窦内侧、外侧及后上间隙,海绵窦内ICA水平段、前膝、前垂直段及床突段的内侧面,以及垂体的外侧面。结论：依据海绵窦内病变的位置不同,在额颞眶--颧弓入路中采用不同的手术方法切开海绵窦,既可安全地显露病变,又可保护重要的神经和血管。     

胎儿眼上静脉瓣的观察

从医院收集到不同胎龄的胎尸５０例，在手术显微镜下用显微手术器械对１００条眼上静脉进行了解剖观察：发现有静脉瓣的眼上静脉１９条（左７、右１２条）均为双瓣，结构完整，与其他处静脉瓣无异，开口朝向后（海绵窦方向）：这些眼上静脉均发生在２５周（７个月）以后的胎尸；胎儿眼上静脉瓣的出现率与成人出现率比较（Ｐ＜０．００５）两组有显著性差别。据结果对胎儿眼上静脉瓣成因及左右侧出现率不等进行了讨论。     

经眼上静脉入路行海绵窦栓塞的应用解剖学

目的：为经眼上静脉入路行海绵窦栓塞术，治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘提供解剖学依据。方法：成人头部标本２４个，解剖观测眼上静脉及其眶外属支的形态、长度及外径等。结果：①眼上静脉由眶上静脉支和内眦静脉交通支组成。眶上静脉支穿经眶上孔处外径为１．３ｍｍ。内眦静脉外径为１．４ｍｍ，距内眦６～８ｍｍ，其交通支外径为１．４ｍｍ；②眼上静脉在眶腔内分为三段，外径平均达２．１～２．５ｍｍ。结论：经眼上静脉眶外属支入路具有可行性。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995