CT导引下125 I粒子植入在治疗恶性肿瘤中的应用

目的　评价CT导引下瘤体内12 5I粒子植入治疗恶性肿瘤的可行性、安全性及其疗效。方法　 10例 13个病灶行CT导引下瘤体内12 5I粒子植入 ,其中原发肿瘤 4例 ,转移瘤 6例 (9个病灶 )。患者男 4例 ,女 6例 ,年龄 5 4～ 6 2岁 (平均 5 6 .9岁 )。依据粒子植入术前 15d内CT图像应用计算机治疗计划系统制定粒子植入计划 ,按治疗计划在CT导引下穿刺植入12 5I粒子。植入术后立即CT扫描及术后 5～ 10个月CT扫描观察粒子在瘤体内的分布、有无并发症发生及疗效。结果　 10例粒子植入均顺利完成 ,粒子分布满意 ,单个瘤体内植入12 5I粒子数为 1～ 4 4粒 (平均 18.6粒 )。未见急性并发症和治疗相关的放射损伤。全部 4例疼痛患者粒子植入术后疼痛均有明显减轻。随诊CT检查示 3个病灶消失 ,8个病灶明显缩小 ,其余 2个病灶大小无明显变化。植入术前及植入术后随诊显示病灶平均大小分别为 3.15和 2 .0 6cm(t =5 .12 7,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　CT导引下12 5I粒子植入近距离放射治疗对原发及转移性恶性肿瘤是 1种安全、可行、有效的治疗方法在恶性肿瘤的治疗中外照射起着重要作用 ,但由于外照射放疗的准确性较差 ,对周围正常组织损伤明显 ,效果常常不太理想。病灶内放射性粒子植入近距离治疗恶性肿瘤是 1种新的放疗手段 ,其可根     

CT导引下125I粒子植入治疗外照射后复发的恶性肿瘤

目的 评价外照射后复发的恶性肿瘤行CT导引下瘤体内^125I粒子植入治疗的可行性、安全性及疗效。资料与方法 2001年12月至2004年12月,14例外照射后局部复发的恶性肿瘤行CT导引下瘤体内^125I粒子植入,其中原发肿瘤8例,转移瘤6例（11个病灶）,病灶的平均直径为3．25cm。依据粒子植入术前CT图像应用计算机治疗计划系统制定粒子植入计划,按治疗计划在CT导引下穿刺植入^125I粒子。植入^125I粒子数为9．48粒（中位数为28粒）。植入术后立即CT扫描及术后2～6个月CT扫描观察粒子在瘤体内的分布、有无并发症发生及疗效。结果 14例粒子植入均顺利完成,瘤体内粒子分布满意,其中1例植入术后有2粒粒子脱落到体外,未见急性并发症和治疗相关的放射损伤。4例疼痛患者粒子植入术后疼痛均有明显减轻。14例19个病灶粒子植入后完全缓解（CR）5个,部分缓解（PR）9个,无变化（NC）4个,进展（PD）1个,近期总有效率73．7％。结论 对于外照射后复发的恶性肿瘤CT导引下瘤体内^125I粒子植入近距离放射治疗是一种安全、可行的治疗方法,近期肿瘤局部控制率满意,远期疗效有待大组病例进一步观察。     

CT导向下125I粒子植入术治疗恶性肿瘤

目的:评价CT导向下瘤体内125I粒子植入治疗恶性肿瘤的操作方法、可行性、安全性及其疗效。方法:21例26个病灶CT导向下穿刺并在瘤体内植入125I粒子,其中原发性病灶9个,转移性病灶17个。在CT导向下将125I粒子植入恶性肿瘤病灶内,采用治疗计划系统(TPS)计算布源,125I粒子的放射性活度为22、26、30、33MBq/粒,较大活度的粒子间距为1.5cm,较小活度的粒子间距为1.0cm。结果:21例粒子植入均顺利完成,术中无并发症发生,粒子在病灶内的分布与植入前计划基本一致。每个瘤体内植入125I粒子数为540粒(平均14粒)。10例恶性骨肿瘤患者植入术后疼痛均有明显缓解。术后随诊复查CT,18个病灶明显缩小,4个病灶内出现坏死组织,4个病灶大小无明显变化。结论:CT导向下瘤体内植入125I粒子近距离放射治疗恶性肿瘤是一种安全、有效、可靠的治疗方法。     

B型超声引导125I粒子植入治疗溶骨性骨转移瘤18例

目的观察B型超声（B超）引导下经皮穿刺125I粒子植入姑息性治疗溶骨性骨转移瘤的疗效。方法对2011年2月至2013年12月收治的18例晚期肿瘤患者的溶骨性骨转移瘤采用B超实时引导经皮穿刺植入125I粒子,术前、术后3 d以及术后1个月根据视觉模拟评分法（VAS）对疼痛评分。所有治疗病灶术后1个月复查CT检测肿瘤大小变化,观察粒子分布情况,必要时重复治疗。根据CT结果,按实体瘤的疗效评价标准（RECIST）评价疗效。结果18例患者进行33次手术,术后3 d局部疼痛较术前已有明显改善,与术前VAS比较P=0.000,差异有统计学意义。术后1个月疼痛仍能较好控制,P=0.000,差异有显著统计学意义。末次手术后1个月与基线相比观察疗效：CR 0例（0%）,PR 11例（61.1%）,SD 6例（33.3%）,PD 1例（5.6%）,局部控制率（CR+PR）61.1%。无严重的放疗并发症。结论 B超引导简便,可重复性好,能安全、有效地引导经皮穿刺125I粒子植入近距离放射治疗溶骨性骨转移瘤,在不采用治疗计划系统（TPS）的情况下,也能获得较好的局部控制率,疼痛缓解显著。     

CT引导放射性125I粒子植入治疗纵隔转移瘤11例

目的 探讨CT引导放射性125I植入治疗纵隔淋巴结转移瘤的方法、安全性和临床疗效.方法 对11例纵隔淋巴结转移瘤患者行CT引导下放射性12sI粒子植入治疗,术前采用近距离治疗计划系统(TPS)制定计划,选择粒子活度:(1.11～2.96)×107Bq(0.3～0.8 mCi),术后观察并发症发生情况,术后1、3、6、12个月评价肿瘤局部控制率、疼痛缓解有效率.结果 术后出现气胸3例,气管瘘l例,肺部感染1例.随访1、3、6、12个月,患者局部控制率为81.8％、90.9％、72.7％、72.7％;疼痛缓解有效率,1周100％、1个月90.9％、3个月90.9％、6个月81.8％、12个月72.7％.结论 CT引导放射性125I粒子植入治疗纵隔转移瘤创伤小、并发症少、局部病灶控制率确切,是一种较为安全的治疗方法.     

125I放射性粒子植入联合栓塞化疗治疗肾上腺转移瘤临床应用

目的 探讨CT导引下经皮穿刺植入125I放射性粒子联合介入栓塞化疗治疗肾上腺转移瘤的方法及疗效.方法 对12例肾上腺转移瘤患者,应用介入栓塞化疗,2周后复查CT,采用治疗计划系统(TPS)计算剂量和布粒计划,CT定位下行病灶内125I放射性粒子植入术.植入结束后,再次进行CT扫描观察粒子分布情况及有无并发症,评价粒子分布情况.术后2～6个月定期CT随访.结果 术后2、4、6个月随访,12例有效率分别为58.33 %、81.82 %、80.00 %.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺125I粒子植入联合介入栓塞化疗治疗肾上腺转移瘤安全,损伤小,并发症轻,近期疗效确切,值得推广和应用.     

125I粒子植入术治疗转移性骨痛的临床应用

目的 初步探讨放射性粒子植入术治疗骨转移瘤所致骨痛的疗效.方法 诊治52例骨转移瘤患者,在CT引导下行125I放射性粒子植入治疗.结果 125I放射性粒子植入后,第2天患者疼痛感明显减轻;第5～7天患者胀痛感加重;术后10～ 30 d患者疼痛逐渐缓解.术后1个月疗效评估:Ⅰ级疼痛缓解率100％,Ⅱ级疼痛缓解率88.9％,Ⅲ级疼痛缓解率92.3％,总有效率93.7％ (P＜0.05).对不同疼痛程度患者局部疼痛缓解有效率高,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ级疼痛缓解率无明显差异(P=0.369).结论 125I放射性粒子植入治疗骨转移瘤所致骨痛,治疗时间短、短期内缓解疼痛疗效明显且并发症少.特别对于溶骨型骨转移瘤,其治疗效果较好,在临床保守治疗疼痛控制不理想时,125I放射性粒子植入可作为一种有效的治疗方法.     

CT导向下125I粒子组织间植入治疗非小细胞肺癌

目的探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺植入^125I粒子近距离内照射治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的方法、疗效及并发症的处理。方法选择21例术前活检证实为NSCLC的患者,根据治疗计划系统（TPS）计算布源,于CT引导下经皮穿刺植入^125I粒子。粒子活度0．5～0．8mCi,间隔1．0～1．5cm多层面植入肿瘤内。术后即刻CT扫描验证,2～6个月复查CT观察粒子在瘤体内的分布、疗效及有无并发症,随访12个月。结果随诊CT复查,21例患者中完全缓解7例;部分缓解12例;稳定（无变化）2例。1年生存率90．5％（19／21）。并发症包括术中气胸6例,咳血2例。未见严重并发疗和治疗相关的放射损伤。结论CT导向下^125I粒了植入治疗NSCLC安全、有效,近期疗效肯定。     

CT导引经皮穿刺植入125I粒子治疗肺转移瘤(附15例报告)

目的 探讨CT导引经皮穿刺植入125I粒子治疗肺转移瘤的可行性、疗效及并发症.方法 15例肺转移瘤患者,男9例,女6例,年龄45～80岁,15例患者病灶数为41个,平均直径为2.3cm,125I粒子活度2.59×107Bq(0.7mCi),PD110Gy.术前通过放射性粒子治疗计划系统TPS (treatment planning system)布源,在CT导引下采取粒子间隔1.0cm,后退式平面植入.结果 3月复查15例41个病灶完全缓解(CR)25个,部分缓解(PR)13个,无变化(NC)2个,进展(PD)1个,有效率92.6％.主要并发症为沿穿刺通道少量出血、气胸或迟发性气胸.6个月随访未发生其他严重并发症.结论 CT导引经皮穿刺植入125 I粒子治疗肺转移瘤疗效确切、并发症轻,值得进一步探讨.     

CT引导下125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗难治性盆腔恶性肿瘤

目的评价CT引导下^125I粒子组织间植入治疗盆腔难治性恶性肿瘤的临床疗效,探讨粒子植入技术。方法23例盆腔恶性肿瘤,均为术后复发接受化疗和（或）根治量放疗肿瘤仍进展患者,瘤体最大径3.5—7．0cm,平均4．5cm。粒子植入术前1～3d行模拟CT扫描,采用治疗计划系统（TPS）制定粒子植入计划,根据处方剂量求出术中所需^125I粒子的总活度并算出治疗粒子数量。在CT引导下经皮穿刺植入^125I粒子。其中6例患者粒子植入前或后接受髂内动脉灌注化疗。结果单个瘤体内首次植入粒子数为9～75粒,平均27粒。6例接受髂内动脉灌注化疗共14个疗程。粒子植入术后72h～4周,下肢疼痛和（或）肛门、会阴周围疼痛坠胀不适,完全缓解5例,部分缓解11例,有效率69．6％（16／23）。术后随访2～34个月,中位随访21个月,部分缓解（PR）18例;无变化（SD）4例;进展（PD）1例,总有效率78．3％（18／23）。死亡3例,存活20例,最长生存时间34个月。结论CT引导下^125I粒子植入对盆腔难治性恶性肿瘤安全、有效。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.