双能X线吸收法测量双侧髋部骨密度的比较

目的　了解双侧髋部骨密度之间的关系。方法　采用双能X线骨密度仪测量70例15～86岁（平均年龄53岁）健康志愿者双侧髋部骨密度。结果双侧髋部各部位骨密度呈高度正相关（r=0.696～0.979,P<0.001），右侧骨密度均值显著高于左侧（P<0.01），对应部位骨密度的平均差异为2%～3%；髋部除Ward’s区骨密度与体质量不相关外（r=0.037,P>0.05）,其余部位骨密度与体质量呈正相关（r=0.289～0.488,P<0.05）。结论　双侧髋部各部位骨密度呈高度正相关，骨密度值高度一致。     

双能X线吸收法（DEXA）影像骨密度仪：骨密度测量的一次技术突破

骨质疏松是一种以骨组织的微细结构受到破坏为特征，并导致骨脆性增加，骨折危险程度增加的疾病。是当前世界上的常见病和多发病。双能Ｘ线影像骨密度仅是目前对骨质疏松进行研究诊断和防治的最先进的设备。本文从该设备的工作原理，目前所采用的新技术及其临床使用意义和先进性对此加以论述。     

双能X线骨密度检测在骨质疏松症筛查中的应用探讨

目的探讨骨质疏松筛查中采取双能X线骨密度检测的作用价值,为后续临床应用提供方法参考。方法以2016年3月-2019年3月期间在西安交通大学第一附属医院门诊检查怀疑为骨质疏松136例患者为研究对象,所有患者均采取双能X线骨密度检测,分析检查结果。结果 136例患者中检出骨质疏松61例,其余75例为骨量减少症,女性患者发病率高于男性;骨质疏松发生情况与患者年龄具有密切相关性。结论骨质疏松症检查中采取双能X线骨密度检测可快速检出患者疾病类型,可作为骨质疏松筛选的金标准。     

双能X线吸收测量法测量学龄前儿童体成分的研究

目的 :　通过对 50名正常学龄前儿童体成分测定 ,评价其营养状况和生长发育水平。方法 :　采用双能 X线吸收测量法 ( dual- energy X- ray absorptionmetry,DXA)测量全身及各部位的体成分。结果 :　学龄前儿童全身的骨矿物质含量 ( BMC)、骨密度 ( BMD)、体脂肪含量( FTM)、体脂百分含量 ( % BF)、瘦体组织含量 ( LTM)分别为 :( 4 63.3± 80 .9) g、( 0 .69± 0 .0 4 ) g/cm2 、( 391 7.1± 1 2 81 .6) g、( 2 1 .8± 4.9) %、( 1 3391 .4± 1 82 3.8) g;BMC、LTM均随着年龄的增加而相应增加 ;男童全身 BMD和 LTM显著高于女童 ;女童的全身 FTM、躯体脂肪含量与下肢脂肪含量的比值 ( Ft/1)、躯体脂肪含量与上肢脂肪含量比值 ( Ft/a)均显著高于男童。结论 :　DXA法可用于小儿生长发育和营养状况评价。     

双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)在25cm水深中测量骨密度的准确性比较

目的探讨DXA测量骨密度的准确性.方法用DXA(前后位扫描)测量5具浸泡在25cm水深中的猪腰段脊柱,共计20例椎骨,将测量的结果与灰重及灰重密度计算相关性.结果骨矿含量(BMC)与灰重的相关性为0 .94,P＜0.01,而骨密度(BMD)较差r=0.4,P＞0.05.结论 DXA测量骨密度中骨矿含量(BMC)较准确,而骨密度(BMD)较差.     

放射吸收法与双能X射线吸收法骨密度测量相关性分析

目的：探讨分析基于放射吸收法（RA）与双能X射线吸收法（DEXA）骨密度测量的相关性。方法：选取30只手部标本分别应用自主研发基于RA骨密度测量软件与Hologic公司的QDR-2000骨密度分析软件进行测量分析和计算。结果：配对比较在F检验的整体结果有显著性的条件下进行,采用线性回归分析对关联进行评估,RA与DEXA之间具有显著相关性（r=0.7798,P＜0.05）,并呈中高度相关。结论：自主开发的骨密度测量软件性能稳定,价格低廉,具有广阔的应用前景。     

武汉地区0～3岁健康儿童骨密度值测量

目的探讨武汉地区婴幼儿骨骼发育的规律。方法采用双能X线吸收法测定武汉地区8286名0~3岁婴幼儿前臂远端1/3桡尺骨的骨密度(BMD)。结果0~3岁婴幼儿前臂远端1/3桡尺骨的BMD值随年龄的增长而逐渐增高;婴幼儿前臂远端1/3桡尺骨BMD从1个月(0·1498±0·0119)g/cm2增加到1岁(0·1640±0·0140)g/cm2,2岁时增至(0·1724±0·0118)g/cm2,3岁时增至(0·1779±0·0124)g/cm2,以1岁内BMD增长最多(P<0·05)。各年龄段之间BMD差异具有显著性(P<0·05),但各组不同性别间BMD差异无显著性。结论婴幼儿期是BMD增加较快的阶段。本研究结果可为建立婴幼儿BMD正常值提供参考,为评价婴幼儿期钙营养状况提供依据。     

双能X线骨密度测定仪的应用安全和临床价值

双能X线（DXA）骨密度测定仪的应用安全直接关系到骨质疏松症（OP）诊断和治疗的可靠性和有效性。我们必须加强设备使用过程中的应用安全与质量控制,才能确保医疗安全,具体内容包括设备购置、安装和验收、辐射防护、操作培训和日常维护等。     

双能X线吸收法和生物电阻抗法测量成年超重/肥胖人群体脂率一致性分析

目的 分析生物电阻抗(MF-BIA)法和双能X线吸收(DXA)法测量成年超重/肥胖人群体脂率的一致性,并建立MF-BIA法校正预测模型。方法 招募志愿成年超重/肥胖者1 323人,分别采用MF-BIA法和DXA法测定受试者的体脂率,分析两方法测量结果的一致性,并建立MF-BIA法校正预测模型。结果 成年男女性超重/肥胖的MF-BIA法与DXA法测量体脂率差值分别为-6.5%、-4.3%和-2.5%、0.5%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),其体脂率的组内相关系数分别为0.746、0.807和0.628、0.674,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。MF-BIA法校正预测模型包括超重男性人群:体脂率(DXA法)=13.425+0.719×体脂率(MF-BIA法);肥胖男性人群:体脂率(DXA法)=12.572+0.741×体脂率(MF-BIA法);超重女性人群:体脂率(DXA法)=9.785+0.802×体脂率(MF-BIA法);肥胖女性人群:体脂率(DXA法)=20.348+0.532×体脂率(MF-BIA法)。结论 MF-BIA法和DXA法测量我国成年超重/肥胖人群体脂率一致性较差,使用MF-BIA法测量体脂率需进行校正。     

生物电阻抗法与双能X线吸收法测量成人体成分指标的比较研究

目的 比较生物电阻抗法（bioelectrical impedance analysis,BIA）和双能X线吸收法（dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA）测量成人体成分各指标之间的差异。方法 招募18～65岁成年受试者共计386名,同时采用BIA和DXA测量受试者的总体脂率、躯干体脂率、体脂含量和去脂体重。利用Pearson积矩相关系数评价两种方法测量结果的相关性,用配对t检验比较两种方法测量均值差异,用均方根误差（root mean squared error, RMSE）和最小乘积回归（ordinary least product regression, OLP）来评价两种方法测量结果的一致性。结果 BIA与DXA测量的男性和女性体成分指标的相关系数均在0.75以上（P <0.001）。BIA测量的男性总体脂率、躯干体脂率和体脂含量的结果均值分别低于DXA测量结果均值。BIA测量的男性和女性去脂体重结果均值显著高于DXA测量结果的均值（P<0.001）。男性和女性各测量指标RMSE均较小,各指标均存在固定偏差和比例偏差。结论 BIA...     

Differences in precision in bone mineral density measured by SXA and DXA: the NOREPOS study

The aims were to compare the precision (reliability) in single X-ray (SXA) and dual X-ray (DXA) absorptiometry, and to compare smallest detectable difference (SDD). An additional aim was to examine determinants for precision in bone mineral density (BMD). BMD was measured by SXA (DTX-100, Osteometer) in the forearm and by DXA (Lunar Expert) in the forearm and in the hip. Two measurements were performed at each site/method, and 195 of 207 participants had complete datasets. Participants were aged 47-49 and 71-74 years. The precision was estimated by Root Mean Square Standard Deviation (RMS SD) with 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) and the corresponding coefficients of variation (CV%). Determinants (age, gender, BMD) were analysed by multiple linear regression with log (SD) and log (CV) as dependent variables. RMS SD tended to be largest in older women and in those with low BMD. RMS SD for SXA and DXA forearm was 4.6 (4.2-5.1) and 6.8 (6.1-7.4) and the corresponding CVs 1.0% and 1.4%. RMS SD for DXA hip was 11.0 (9.9-12.0) with CV 1.2%. To detect a 3% change in BMD one would need two repeated measurements by DXA in the distal forearm at each of two consultations, but only one measurement by SXA in the distal forearm and also only one measurement by DXA in the hip. Precision differed by type of densitometer affecting the number of repeated measurements needed to detect a given BMD difference.     

Associations of bone mineral density and lead levels in blood, tibia, and patella in urban-dwelling women

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relations between bone mineral density (BMD) and lead in blood, tibia, and patella and to investigate how BMD modifies these lead biomarkers in older women. DESIGN: In this study, we used cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS: We studied 112 women, 50-70 years of age, including both whites and African Americans, residing in Baltimore, Maryland. MEASUREMENTS: We measured lumbar spine BMD, blood and bone lead by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anodic stripping voltammetry, and (109)Cd-induced K-shell X-ray fluorescence, respectively. We measured vitamin D receptor and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes using standard methods. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) BMD and lead levels in blood, tibia, and patella were 1.02+/-0.16 g/cm(2), 3.3+/-2.2 microg/dL, 19.7+/-13.2 microg/g, and 5.7+/-15.3 microg/g, respectively. In adjusted analysis, higher BMD was associated with higher tibia lead levels (p=0.03). BMD was not associated with lead levels in blood or patella. There was evidence of significant effect modification by BMD on relations of physical activity with blood lead levels and by APOE genotype on relations of BMD with tibia lead levels. There was no evidence that BMD modified relations between tibia lead or patella lead and blood lead levels. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that BMD represents the capacity of bone that can store lead, by substitution for calcium, and thus the findings may have relevance for effect-size estimates in persons with higher BMD. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results have implications for changes in lead kinetics with aging, and thus the related risk of health effects associated with substantial early- and midlife lead exposure in older persons.     

148例围绝经期妇女双能X线骨密度结果分析

目的:探讨围绝经期妇女年龄、月经情况、身高、体重与骨密度(BMD)的关系,筛选绝经后骨质疏松症的高危人群。方法:随机选取148例2004年9～11月青岛市部分金融系统女职员健康查体中的围绝经期(40～60岁)妇女,加查双能X线BMD(已筛除影响骨代谢性疾病如糖尿病、甲亢等及药物因素,如性激素补充),将BMD测定结果与其年龄、月经情况、体重、身高进行相关分析。结果:148例围绝经期妇女平均腰椎低骨量发生率为26.35%。50～60岁妇女腰椎低骨量发生率为48.44%,明显高于40～50岁妇女(9.52%);绝经者腰椎低骨量发生率为61.70%,明显高于未绝经者(9.90%);体重低于60kg者腰椎低骨量发生率为36.92%,高于体重在60kg以上者(18.07%);身高在160cm以下者腰椎低骨量发生率为44.12%,高于身高在160cm以上者(21.05%),其差异均有统计学意义;年龄、绝经与否、身高、体重与左髋部BMDt值无相关性。结论:围绝经期妇女腰椎低骨量发生率与绝经、年龄及其身高体重有关,绝经、年龄50岁以上、体重60kg以下、身高160cm以下的妇女是发生绝经后骨质疏松症的高危人群。     

Correlation between bone mineral density and body composition in Japanese females aged 18–40 years with low forearm bone mineral density

Objectives  To clarify the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in Japanese women aged 18–40 years with low forearm BMD. Methods  The subjects were Japanese199 women who had been selected for inclusion in the study based on a low forearm BMD determined at the Annual Women’s Health Examination. The subjects’ mean (± standard deviation) age, body height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 33.5 (±4.3) years, 158.1 (±5.1) cm, 49.6 (±5.7) kg, and 19.8 (±2.1), respectively. The BMD of the lumbar spine, total body, and left arm were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat mass (FM), bone-free lean tissue mass (LTM), and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured simultaneously with DXA. Results  In the structural equation model, the standardized regression weights for the path from BMI to BMD of all sites were 0.273–0.434. Conversely, the BF% to BMD of the total body and left arm were −0.192 and −0.296, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, the FM index (FMI) was significantly associated with the BMD of the lumbar spine as a weight-bearing site. The LTM index (LTMI) was significantly associated with the BMD of the total body and left arm as a non-weight-bearing site. Conclusions  Young females with low forearm BMD had low body weight and BMI. Thinness was shown to be a risk factor for low BMD, in accordance with results reported elsewhere. A gain in body weight may have the effect of increasing BMD, but our results suggest that to increase BMD, the gain in body weight must include increases in LTM, and not FM alone.     

中老年人前臂骨密度变化及其影响因素分析

目的了解中老年人前臂骨密度的状况，分析影响中老年人骨密度的因素。方法在上海市徐汇区田林、枫林、斜土3个街道，采用单能X线骨密度仪测量中老年人左前臂远端1／3桡骨总体、尺骨总体，以及桡尺骨间距为8mm处的桡骨远端、前臂桡骨超远端等部位的骨密度值。结果4个测量部位的骨密度均随年龄增加而下降，女性下降速率快于男性；同一年龄、同一部位的男性骨密度平均值大于女性；4个部位中以前臂远端1／3桡骨总体骨密度最高；除男性60岁～骨量减少的现患率低于55岁～外，前臂远端1／3桡骨总体骨量减少的现患率及骨质疏松症的现患率均随年龄的增加而上升。多因素Logistic回归显示，男性患骨量减少的可能性是女性的0．19倍；以50岁～为参照，55岁～、60岁～、65～71岁与之比较，OR分别为3．17，5．13，15．03；月均收入在1000元以上与1000以下的比较，OR为0．70；补充钙片者与没补充钙片者比较，OR为1．36。结论中老年人骨密度减少的现患率较高，骨密度减少与性别、年龄、月均收入、补充钙片等有关。     

Physical activity and bone mineral density in Italian middle-aged women

Osteoporosis is a major health issue in postmenopausal women on account of the association between low bone mineral density and fractures. A role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of low bone mineral density is possible but still unclear. The relationship between low spine bone mineral density measured by means of dual photon absorptiometry at lumbar spines, and levels of past and recent physical activity has been assessed by means of a population-based screening study carried out on 1373 women (age 40–64 years) in the North-East of Italy. Physical activity at work and in leisure time was investigated for three specific periods of life: at age 12, between 15 and 19 years (during bone formative years), and in the recent years prior to the interview (30–39 or 50–59 years). Data were analysed comparing low versus high bone mineral density tertile (i.e., 458 and 461 women, respectively), after controlling for other known contributory factors in the development of osteoporosis. A positive association emerged with leisure time physical activity, with significant trends at age 15–19 (odds ratio (OR) for low versus high tertile of leisure time activity: 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–2.4) and at most recent age (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6). Risk trends with occupational physical activity were less clear and non-statistically significant. The present Southern European cross-sectional study lends further support to the possibility that past and recent physical activity helps increasing bone mineral density in middle-aged women. Although the most beneficial type and intensity level of exercise has yet to be determined, the present results provide further evidence that participation in even moderate exercise programs should be encouraged.     

骨龄与骨密度关系的初步探讨

目的:探讨儿童骨龄与骨密度的关系,为骨龄的评估提供一种新方法。方法:采用双能X线吸收法(DXA)测定698名6～14岁儿童手腕部骨密度和采用TW2法对左手腕骨平片计算儿童骨龄。结果:6～14岁儿童骨龄与骨密度、年龄均呈正相关关系。结论:对儿童进行骨密度的测量可以初步预算儿童骨龄。     

深圳市20～30岁健康女性超声骨密度测定

目的:了解深圳地区20～30岁正常年轻女性超声骨密度状况,确定该年龄段女性超声骨密度正常参考值,为骨质疏松症的超声诊断标准提供科学依据。方法:选择20～30岁深圳居住的正常女性280例为检测对象,以每周岁分组共分为11组,用定量超声骨密度仪(QUS)测定受检者足跟部骨密度(BMD)值,同时测量受检者身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)。结果:20～30岁健康女性BMD值随年龄增长变化不大,骨峰值年龄出现在25岁组和26岁组,但除了与29岁组比较有统计学意义外,与其它各组之间比较无统计学意义。身高、体重、BMI和BMD变化无相关性(分别r=0.098,P>0.05;r=0.004,P>0.05;r=-0.062,P>0.05),差异均无显著性意义。结论:20～30岁正常女性体重、身高、BMI和足跟部BMD值之间均无显著相关性,本研究获得的BMD值将为确定我国正常女性超声骨密度的参考值和骨质疏松症的超声诊断标准提供重要的参考依据。     

正常学龄儿童超声骨密度测定分析

目的:分析正常学龄儿童超声骨密度的变化规律,指导儿童临床和保健工作。方法:采用定量超声技术(QUS)测定长居广州市的475例6～12岁正常儿童的跟骨定量超声参数[超声传导速度(SOS)、超声衰减系数(BUA)和骨强度指数(STI)],同时测量受检者体重和身高。结果:6～12岁正常儿童SOS值随年龄增加而降低,BUA值随年龄增加而增加,STI值随年龄增加而降低,男童9岁、女童8岁时降至最低,之后随年龄增加而增加,在11岁时出现一高峰后又下降。同年龄男、女童的SOS、BUA、STI值比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:6～12岁正常儿童的超声骨密度因年龄不同而呈现不同规律,而同年龄男、女童比较差异无统计学意义,在评价时应予考虑。