获得性免疫缺陷综合征并发巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎的临床分析

目的探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDS)并发巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)性视网膜炎的眼底表现特点、全身症状及治疗预后。方法观察8例(15只眼)AIDS并发CMV性视网膜炎的临床表现,分析其眼底、视力、荧光素眼底血管造影及CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果,并对其中2例(4只眼)行更昔洛韦玻璃体腔注药治疗。随访时间2～34个月,平均16个月。结果初诊视力≤0.2者10只眼(66.7%),其中无光感者2只眼,眼前光感者2只眼,0.04～0.20者6只眼;0.8和0.9者各1只眼(13.3%);≥1.0者3只眼(20.0%)。12只眼的眼底表现为视网膜血管炎特点,呈沿血管分布的浓厚黄白色病损,其上有片状出血,边缘为不规则的黄白色颗粒,可形象描述为“奶酪加番茄酱样视网膜炎”;玻璃体透明或反应轻微。2只眼的眼底呈晚期表现,视网膜萎缩呈灰色,视网膜血管硬化、狭窄,视网膜色素上皮萎缩,可透见脉络膜血管及视神经萎缩。1只眼视网膜脱离。8例患者的CD4+T淋巴细胞计数在0～36个/mm3之间,平均(15.0±12.9)个/mm3。4只眼玻璃体注药后视力均显著提高。眼底病变明显消退,出血吸收。结论CMV性视网膜炎是AIDS最常见、最严重的眼部并发症。眼底表现特点为进行性、坏死性视网膜炎伴出血,同时合并有视网膜血管炎。但玻璃体反应无或轻微。对原因不明的黄白色病损、视网膜出血及视网膜血管炎应行血清人类免疫缺陷病毒(humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,HIV)抗体检测。反之,HIV阳性者应常规进行眼底检查。(中华眼科杂志,2005,41:803806)     

巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎与获得性免疫缺陷综合征

目的 探讨巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎与获得性免疫缺陷综合征的关系、临床表现及诊断、治疗。 方法 观察分析56例巨细胞病毒(cytomeglovirus,CMV)性视网膜炎合并获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者95只眼，对其眼底、视力、T辅助细胞的细胞受体4（CD4 ＋）计数及预后进行观察随访2周～18个月。 结果 56例患者在诊断为巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎之前AIDS病程为4～26个月。95只眼56例患者中，眼底病灶表现为颗粒型者55只眼，其中46只眼位于周边部；爆发型者25只眼，均位于后极部，视网膜坏死灶致密伴斑片状出血和血管炎；颗粒型与爆发型病灶混合存在者15只眼；其中7只眼合并有视神经乳头炎；患者就诊时视力为眼前数指至0.5，病变广泛者及病变位于后极部者视力下降尤为严重。30例患者CD4 ＋细胞计数为0～30 个/μl,平均(15±9) 个/μl。患者存活时间为3～18个月。接受更昔洛韦(ganciclovir)治疗组患者视力多数提高，CD4 ＋T细胞计数明显升高，未治疗组患者92%病变呈进行性发展，视力显著下降。 结论 CMV性视网膜炎是AIDS病的主要眼部并发症，临床上以坏死性视网膜炎伴出血及血管炎为特征，目前治疗主要用更昔洛韦。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 89-91)     

巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎MSL-109单克隆抗体药物治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)眼部并发症巨细胞病毒(CMV)性视网膜炎MSL-109单克隆抗体药物治疗的效果。方法对72例患者(105只眼)CMV性视网膜炎行MSL-109单克隆抗体药物治疗,观察其眼底、视力、T辅助细胞的细胞受体4(CD4+)计数及预后。结果 72例患者在诊断为巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎之前AIDS病程为4～26个月。72例(105只眼)患者中,眼底病灶表现为颗粒型者58只眼,其中47只眼位于周边部;爆发型者29只眼,均位于后极部,视网膜坏死灶致密伴斑片状出血和血管炎;颗粒型与爆发型病灶混合存在者18只眼;其中8只眼合并有视神经乳头炎;患者就诊时视力为眼前数指至0.4,病变广泛者及病变位于后极部者视力下降尤为严重。34例患者CD4+细胞计数为0～30个/μl,平均(15土9)个/μl。患者存活时间为3～18个月。经过MSL-109单克隆抗体治疗组患者视力多数提高,CD4+T细胞计数明显升高,未治疗组患者92%病变呈进行性发展,视力显著下降。结论 CMV性视网膜炎是AIDS病的主要眼部并发症,临床上以坏死性视网膜炎伴出血及血管炎为特征,目前治疗主要采用MSL-109单克隆抗体。     

乌鲁木齐市93例艾滋病患者眼科临床特征分析

目的：探讨乌鲁木齐市艾滋病( acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者眼底病变的发生情况,及其与CD4+T细胞计数的相关性。
　　方法：对93例AIDS患者进行眼底检查,并对其中有眼底改变患者的临床表现及 CD4+T 细胞计数进行描述和分析。
　　结果：AIDS患者93例中,有13例出现眼底改变,总检出率为14.0%。其中单眼发病4例,双眼发病9例。有视力改变7例,视网膜受损主要表现为视网膜棉絮斑及视网膜出血。最后诊断巨细胞病毒( CMV)性视网膜炎4例,HIV相关性眼底病变9例。 CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≤100个/μL合并眼底改变的检出率(18.9%,7/37)明显高于CD4+ T>100个/μL合并眼底改变的检出率(10.7%,6/56),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
　　结论：HIV相关视网膜病临床表现无特异性。有相当一部分AIDS患者在视力未发生改变时,其眼底早就发生病变,因此对AIDS患者应常规行眼底检查,有利于眼底病变的早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗。     

AIDS合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎的观察

目的 探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)合并巨细胞病毒(CMV)性视网膜炎患者的眼底改变特点及眼底荧光血管造影特征.方法 已诊断为CMV性视网膜炎的AIDS患者共34例49只眼,进行常规视力、裂隙灯检查、眼底检查及荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查,分析其眼底病变的临床特征.结果 29只眼视网膜上见大片融合性黄白色坏死灶,边界不清,伴视网膜出血及血管炎改变;FFA晚期病灶区域弥漫性荧光素渗漏.12只眼周边部视网膜颗粒状坏死灶,边界欠清,未见明显 视网膜出血、渗出及血管管壁改变;FFA显示病灶区域强荧光,晚期荧光素渗漏.4只眼视网膜前见大片灰白色增殖膜;4只眼继发视网膜脱离.结论 CMV性视网膜炎主要表现为进行性坏死性的视网膜炎,伴出血及血管炎.     

获得性免疫缺陷综合征视网膜血管性病变

目的 探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)发生视网膜血管性病变的类型及其与CD4+T淋巴细胞的关系.方法 回顾分析107例(214只眼)AIDS患者经眼底彩照及荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查确诊的视网膜血管性病变患者的临床资料,统计AIDS视网膜血管性病变的发生率及病变类型以及与CD44?淋巴细胞数之间的关系.结果 107例(214只眼)AIDS患者发生视网膜血管性病变43例(65只眼),占40.18%(30.37%);在每眼病变中,既有单发性改变,也有多发性改变.其中,出血(含Roth斑)37只眼,占56.92%(37/65);棉絮斑及微血管瘤分别为26只眼,分别占40.00%(26/65);毛细血管闭塞区15只眼,占23.08%(15/65);血管壁渗漏及毛细血管扩张分别为9只眼和8只眼,分别占13.85%和12.30%(9/65;8/65).CD4+T淋巴细胞≤50个/μL发生视网膜血管性病变35例,未发生病变31例,发病率53.03%(35/66);CD4+T淋巴细胞≥51个/μL发生视网膜血管性病变8例,未发生病变33例,发病率19.51%(8/41).经双侧检测统计:X2=11.82,P=0.000.说明组间具有显著差异性.结论 AIDS视网膜血管性病变的类型呈多样性,且CD4+T淋巴细胞数越少,发生视网膜血管性病变的几率越大.     

获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎71例临床分析

目的 探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）合并巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎（CMVR）患者的临床特点以及视力下降可能的危险因素。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2009年8月至2014年8月就诊于北京地坛医院的AIDS合并CMVR患者71例。方法 对71例AIDS合并CMVR患者进行与艾滋病相关的免疫性检测（人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数）;所有患者进行视力、眼压、裂隙灯以及眼底照相等眼科检查,并观察其临床特征。主要指标 视力、眼底、CD4+T细胞计数。结果 71例患者中54例（76%）CD4+T细胞≤50个/μl,7例（10%）CD4+T细胞＞50~100个/μl,10例（14%）CD4+T细胞＞100个/μl。视力≤0.3的49眼中,34眼（70%）视网膜病变以后极部为主,24眼（24%）最终视力＜0.05,其中8眼（33%）视网膜脱离,12眼（50%）后极部视网膜坏死严重累及黄斑（包括9眼视神经萎缩）,6眼（25%）并发性白内障,其中4眼为全葡萄膜炎合并白内障,2眼为视网膜脱离合并白内障。结论 CD4+T淋巴细胞计数较低是CMVR危险因素。后极部视网膜坏死是AIDS视力损害的主要原因。     

获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并梅毒患者的眼底病变构成分析

目的 分析获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）合并梅毒患者的眼底病变构成特点。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2012-2019年北京佑安医院AIDS患者395例。方法 根据是否合并梅毒分为AIDS组和AIDS合并梅毒组。患者进行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、裂隙灯、眼压、散瞳眼底检查及彩色眼底照相等眼科检查,并行艾滋病、梅毒相关全身检查。主要指标 BCVA、眼前节反应、眼底病变情况、高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）状态、CD4+T细胞计数、血HIV-RNA载量以及血CMV-DNA。结果 AIDS组患者266例,眼底异常者163例（61.3%）,其中男性149例（91.4%）,HIV相关视网膜微血管病变66例（40.5%),巨细胞病毒视网膜炎94例（57.7%),血CD4+T细胞计数中位数27个/μl; AIDS合并梅毒组患者129例,眼底异常者93例（72.1%）,与AIDS组比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.035）,其中男性92例（P=0.014）,HIV相关视网膜微血管病变40例（31.0%）,梅毒相关眼底改变26例（20.2%）,巨细胞病毒视网膜炎25例（19.4%）,眼前节阳性反应者23例 (P=0.010),63例（67.7%）患者眼底病变位置为中央型（P=0.040）,血CD4+T细胞计数中位数33.5个/μl（P=0.007）,均明显高于AIDS组。结论 AIDS合并梅毒患者眼底病变患病率高于单纯AIDS组患者,且血CD4+T细胞计数更高。     

AIDS／HIV感染合并视网膜脱离

目的探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）／艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染合并视网膜脱离（RD）的临床特点、药物及手术治疗。方法回顾11例（16眼）AIDS／HIV感染患者RD的实验室检查和临床诊治资料,分析其病因、与细胞免疫的关系、RD发生的高危因素、治疗方法及治疗效果的影响因素。6例（6眼）做了玻璃体视网膜手术。结果13眼孔源性RD由病毒性视网膜炎及可疑病毒性视网膜炎引起,2眼RD由梅毒性葡萄膜炎引起,1眼为原发性孔源性视网膜脱离;发病时,6例CDfT淋巴细胞计数低于100个／μL,3例CD4T淋巴细胞计数高于200个／μL;未手术跟视力无改变,手术眼术后视力有不同程度提高,病程短及单纯性孔源性网脱眼术后矫正视力好于病程长及感染性视网膜炎导致的网脱眼。结论病毒性视网膜炎是CD4^＋T淋巴细胞计数较低的AIDS患者发生孔源性RD的主要病因,原发性孔源性RD及非病毒感染葡萄膜视网膜炎是CD4^＋T淋巴细胞计数较高的AIDS／HIV感染患者RD的主要病因。CD4^＋T淋巴细胞计数较低是RD的高危因素;玻璃体视网膜手术是视网膜解剖复位、改善视力的首选治疗方法。RD的病因、病程及病情严重程度是影响手术后视力的因素。     

获得性免疫缺陷综合征并发进行性外层视网膜坏死的临床分析

目的 探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）并发进行性外层视网膜坏死（PORN）的全身情况、眼底特点、治疗方法及预后。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2015年4月-2019年11月北京佑安医院AIDS合并PORN患者6例（11眼）。方法 分析其最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、裂隙灯、眼底照相、相干光断层扫描（OCT）及房水中水痘带状疱疹病毒脱氧核糖核酸（VZV-DNA）含量，外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）病毒载量。3 眼行更昔洛韦或膦甲酸钠玻璃体注射联合全身治疗。随诊3~26个月。主要指标 AIDS合并PORN的眼底变化、房水中VZV-DNA值、玻璃体注药前后眼底变化、外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和HIV病毒载量。结果 患者均为男性，平均年龄（27.6±3.2）岁。11眼均表现为无痛性视力下降，9眼（81.8%）初诊BCVA均≤0.2。眼底表现为进行性周边环形视网膜坏死，多灶性边界清楚的黄白色坏死灶向心性进展，无或轻微玻璃体反应。6眼合并渗出性视网膜脱离。早期病变OCT仅累及视网膜外层，后期出现外层视网膜变薄。11眼房水VZV-DNA含量均阳性，外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数平均（10.8±2.5）个/μl， HIV病毒载量平均（246289±462.7）拷贝/ml。3眼更昔洛韦和（或）膦甲酸钠玻璃体注射联合全身抗病毒治疗周期72~123天，病灶控制，视力好转（1眼由光感到手动，1眼由指数到0.1，1眼保持0.5）。结论 PORN是AIDS患者严重的眼部机会性感染，病变累及视网膜外层，前房及玻璃体反应无或轻微，病情进展速度快，预后差。眼内液病毒核酸检测有助于诊断。（眼科， 2020， 29： 375-379）     

BAY 38-4766治疗巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎的疗效评价

背景目前对巨细胞病毒（CMV）性视网膜炎药物治疗的研究主要聚焦于它作为获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者的主要眼部并发症,对于其眼部病变治疗药物的筛选尚未得到较多的关注。目的探讨AIDS眼部并发症CMV性视网膜炎首次采用BAY 38-4766药物治疗的效果。方法纳入CMV性视网膜炎患者84例154眼,在诊断为CMV性视网膜炎之前AIDS病程为4—26个月。患者就诊时154眼视力为数指／眼前～0．4,CD4^＋T细胞计数为0～30个／μl,平均为（15±9）个／μl。62例117眼患者行BAY 38-4766药物治疗,静脉诱导量为5mg／kg,每日2次,连续2周,然后给予1g维持量口服,每日3次,随访2周-18个月,观察治疗后眼底症状、视力、CD4^＋T细胞计数变化及预后。本研究经解放军第四七四医院伦理委员会批准,所有患者均签署知情同意书。结果患者存活时间为3～18个月。经过BAY 38-4766治疗者62例117眼,其中53例102眼眼底视网膜坏死灶逐渐缩小,边界清晰,视力提高至0．1—0．7。57例患者CD4^＋T细胞计数较治疗前升高了12～402个／μl,未治疗的22例患者为0—30个／μl。病变进行性恶化并在随访期内死亡。结论CMV性视网膜炎是AIDS患者的主要眼部并发症,临床上以坏死性视网膜炎伴出血及血管炎为特征,采用BAY38-4766药物治疗是目前较有效的方法。     

Treatment of CMV retinitis with intravitreal foscarnet

PURPOSE: To assess the tolerability and efficacy of intravitreal injections of foscarnet in cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: Patients with CMV retinitis resistant and/or intolerant to intravenous foscarnet and ganciclovir and resistant to intravitreal ganciclovir were included. The induction therapy consisted of intravitreal injections of 2,400 micrograms of foscarnet twice a week. The assessment was performed by clinical examination and photographies of the fundus. RESULTS: Three patients (four eyes) have been included. Three eyes were administered seven and one eye eight intravitreal injections. The tolerability was good, but the efficacy was mere: the retinal lesions became less edematous, but they still extended. CONCLUSION: In these four eyes with CMV retinitis resistant to intravitreal ganciclovir, intravitreal injections of foscarnet were well tolerated but did not stop the progression of the retinitis.     

Ocular complications in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus seen at the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Center

PURPOSE: To examine the ocular complications in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) in Japan. METHODS: The medical records of 322 patients seen at the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) Clinical Center from July 1, 1997 through December 31, 1998 were reviewed, and the HIV-associated ocular complications were correlated with serum CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts. RESULTS: Ocular complications were found in 51 patients: 35 cases with retinal microvasculopathy, 17 cases with cytomegalovirus retinitis(9 quiescent, 6 active, and 2 recurrent), and 1 case each with tuberculous uveitis, phthisis bulbi after necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma, papilledema, divergence palsy, hemianopia, and abducens palsy. Retinal microvasculopathy was present in patients with CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts above 500/mm3, but was more common in patients with cell counts below 200/mm3. Among 6 patients with active cytomegalovirus retinitis, 5 patients had a CD 4+ T-lymphocyte count below 50/mm3 at the onset of retinitis, while one patient developed retinitis after the cell count increased to over 200/mm3 with highly active antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSION: Cytomegalovirus retinopathy may occur in patients with a CD 4+ T-lymphocyte count of more than 200/mm3.     

Recovery of human immunodeficiency virus from ocular tissues in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was recovered from multiple ocular tissues in three patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Consistently found in the retina, HIV was also detected in the conjunctiva, cornea, and iris. In two cases, HIV was detectable despite treatment with oral zidovudine. All three patients had bilateral cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis managed by intravitreal injection of ganciclovir. Culture of the retina for CMV was negative in all three cases. The finding of HIV in multiple ocular tissues is consistent with the neurotropic nature of the virus, and may explain some of the common ocular manifestations of AIDS such as AIDS retinopathy. Infection with HIV may predispose the retina to other opportunistic infections and may explain the high incidence of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients. This is the first report of HIV isolation from tissue within the eye.     

High-dose (5000-microg) intravitreal ganciclovir combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients in Venezuela

PURPOSE: To describe the use of high doses of intravitreal ganciclovir combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. METHODS: Thirteen HIV-infected patients (18 eyes) with active CMV retinitis (83.3% in zone 1 and 38.4% resistant) participated in this prospective interventional case series. Patients were treated with high dose intravitreal ganciclovir (5.0 mg/0.1 mL once a week) in combination with HAART therapy. Intravitreal injections were discontinued once CMV retinitis healed if there was a significant increase in CD4+ count (any increase of > or 50 cells/microL to levels over 100 cells/microL sustained for at least 3 months). Mean follow-up was 15.6 months. Main outcome measures included assessment of visual acuity and retinal inflammation (CMV retinitis activity). A matched historical control group of 20 eyes (15 patients) with CMV retinitis treated with systemic ganciclovir (intravenous [induction] and oral [maintenance]) was included. RESULTS: Complete regression of the retinitis was obtained with high doses of intravitreal ganciclovir in 88.8% of eyes (two patients died during follow-up) at a mean of 4.5 weeks (2 to 8 weeks). Visual acuity improved two or more lines in 61.1% of eyes. No ganciclovir retinal toxicity was identified. Three eyes presented CMV retinitis reactivation at a mean of 25.6 days after their last injection. Complications (33.3%) included retinal detachment (RD; 3 eyes), immune recovery uveitis (IRU; 2 eyes), and endophthalmitis (1 eye). In our control group complete regression of the retinitis was obtained in 100% of eyes at a mean of 4 weeks (3 to 7 weeks). However, 12 eyes (60%) presented with CMV retinitis relapse at a mean of 29 days (21 to 32 days) after initiating oral ganciclovir (maintenance). Complications included RD (7 eyes, 35%) and IRU (3 eyes, 15%). Severe neutropenia occurred in 2 patients (13%). CONCLUSIONS: High doses of intravitreal ganciclovir (5.0 mg) once a week in combination with HAART therapy is effective to control CMV retinitis, and may be discontinued after CMV retinitis has healed if immune reconstitution with a significant increase in CD4+ count has occurred.     

获得性免疫缺陷综合征眼底病变特征分析

目的 观察获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者眼底病变特征.方法 经临床和实验室血清学检查确诊为AIDS并在眼科就诊发现有眼底病变的42例患者的66只眼纳入研究.所有患者均进行常规视力、裂隙灯显微镜、直接检眼镜检查及荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查,对其眼底病变的临床特征进行回顾性分析.结果 66只眼中,巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎37只眼,占56.0%.眼底见视网膜上大片融合性黄白色颗粒状视网膜坏死灶,边界不清,伴视网膜出血,血管狭窄、阻塞和白鞘.人类免疫缺陷病毒微血管病变21只眼,占32.0%.眼底见视网膜棉绒斑、斑点状出血或微血管瘤.视神经病变3只眼,占4.5%.眼底见不同程度的视盘水肿、视神经炎或视神经萎缩.其他眼底病变5只眼,占7.5%.眼底表现为神经上皮脱离2只眼,占3.0%;葡萄膜炎3只眼,占4.5%.结论 进行性坏死性视网膜炎,视网膜出血,血管闭塞白鞘,棉绒斑是AIDS患者常见的眼底表现.     

Highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated regression of cytomegalovirus retinitis: long-Term results in a small case series

PURPOSE: To report the stability of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis lesions that have undergone regression in the absence of specific anti-CMV medications owing to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-generated immune recovery. METHODS: The initial examination revealed HAART-associated regression of CMV retinitis lesions in eight subjects at two institutions. Patients were monitored for recurrences of CMV activity. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) loads were measured. RESULTS: All patients had positive initial responses to HAART with an average HIV load decrease of 2.26 log units (range 0.3-5.57). Mean CD4+ T-lymphocyte count at baseline was 45.6 (range 4-107) and increased by an average of 132.5 (range 7-266) within the first 2 to 4 months of HAART. Patients were observed for an average of 15.5 months (range 11-20 months). Six subjects had a vigorous and sustained response to therapy, achieving an average HIV load of 9,400 copies/mL (3.32 log10 decrease) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 158.2 cells/microL. These patients had no CMV retinitis progression. By contrast, two others who attained an average log10 decrease of only 0.48 had modest and short-lived increases in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. These patients experienced reactivation of CMV retinitis after 5 and 7 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Regressed CMV retinitis may remain healed for long periods. However, failure of HAART to induce substantial decreases in HIV load may predict poor or unsustainable rises in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and presage recurrence of CMV retinitis. Vigilance in ophthalmic examinations is especially mandatory in these subjects.