SARCOMATOID CARCINOMA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

A case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine in a 76 year old Chinese woman is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. It is a rare neoplasm, with only 13 previous reported cases in the literature. Patients with the disease usually had a poor prognosis. The nomenclature, histological and immunohistochemical findings of these tumours were diverse. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of this disease entity in a Chinese patient, and has its distinctive features. The patient was the oldest one in literature with this disease, and had the shortest survival time after the presentation of symptoms.     

INTRAOPERATIVE USE OF THE ABSORBABLE FIBRIN ADHESIVE BANDAGE: LONG TERM EFFECTS

PURPOSE: The absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage (AFAB) reduces acute blood loss in experimental trauma models, but the effects on wound healing and subsequent function have heretofore not been investigated. Retropubic prostatectomy was selected to evaluate short and long term effects of using the AFAB intraoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dogs undergoing prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: CONTROL- sponges and manual pressure were applied after transecting the prostatic pedicles. Sponges were removed when the prostate was delivered. Vessels were isolated and ligated if bleeding continued after removal. AFAB- hemostatically active bandages were applied to the prostatic bed prior to sponges and pressure. Additional bandages were applied at the urethrovesical junction after completing the anastomosis. PLACEBO- visually identical (hemostatically inert) bandages were applied in an identical fashion. LIQUID SEALANT- concentrated thrombin and fibrinogen solution was applied to the vessels prior to sponges and pressure. Additional sealant solution was applied around the anastomosis. RESULTS: Blood loss and time to achieve hemostasis were significantly less in the AFAB group compared with the other treatments. There were no differences in days to anastomotic integrity, continence, or intra-abdominal adhesions at necropsy six weeks later. CONCLUSIONS: The AFAB can reduce surgery time and blood loss, with no decrement in wound healing or subsequent function.     

CEPHALORIDINE PROPHYLAXIS IN RESECTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

A controlled prospective clinical trial of cephaloridine chemoprophylaxis in resection of the large intestine was undertaken between 1974 and 1978. Data were available on 159 of 177 unselected patients. All were operated on by one surgeon. Three groups were studied: intraabdominal resection and anastomosis (102 patients); pullthrough resection and anastomosis (30 patients): and resection, with colostomy or ileostomy, without anastomosis (27 patients). In the total patient series cephaloridine reduced wound infection from 38.3% to 15.4% (P< 0.003). There was no significant decrease in intraabdominal infection. In the group of patients undergoing intraabdominal resection and anastomosis the wound infection rate was reduced from 40.0% to 14.9% (P< 0.01). Cephaloridine reduced wound infection from 50.0% to 21.4% (P = 0.05) in those patients in whom drainage tubes were inserted. A decrease in the incidence of faecal fistula from 10.9% to 4.3% was not significant. Wound infections were not reduced significantly after pullthrough excisions or resections without anastomosis. The results support the routine prophylactic use of cephalosporins in patients undergoing intraabdominal resection of the large intestine with anastomosis.     

小肠穿孔

本文分析了78例小肠穿孔的病因、临床特征,并对治疗及合并症的处理进行了讨论。结果表明:小肠穿孔以13～25岁常见。病因以伤寒多见(66.67％),穿孔部位以回肠多见(92.31％)。小肠穿孔很少见到象胃十二指肠穿孔的板状腹,且X线膈下游离气体阳性率亦比后者低。因小肠穿孔目前尚缺乏定位诊断方法,故误诊率较高,本组误诊28例(35.89％)。对小肠穿孔应及早手术。本组中手术时间在穿孔后48小时以上者,其死亡率是24小时内手术的8.6倍,手术时机与死亡率存在着显著正相关。在手术治疗中,作者强调了对原发病的病因治疗和全身的支持疗法。本组死亡11例(14.10％)。     

大鼠小肠组织中一氧化氮在肠道淤血过程中作用的探讨

目的　探讨肝门阻断后小肠淤血状态下一氧化氮 (NO)在小肠循环调节中所起的作用和氧自由基在肠道损伤过程中的作用。方法　分别阻断肝十二指肠韧带 (B组 )、肝右静脉及其伴行动脉、胆管 (C组 )、肝头静脉及其伴行动脉、胆管 (D组 ) ,制成肠淤血动物模型。观察小肠壁及其相连系膜的变化。取空肠起始端以下长 8cm小肠制成组织匀浆 ,检测其中 NO、SOD、MDA含量。结果　 A(对照组 )、B、C、D组 NO、MDA测定值相互之间无显著差异 ;A、C、D组 SOD测定值相互之间无显著差异 ,B组 SOD测定值较其它组降低 ,与 A、C、D组相比均有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1 )。结论　 NO可能不是肝门阻断后肠微循环调节的主要因素。氧自由基在肝门阻断后小肠粘膜损伤中所起的作用可能不大 ,小肠粘膜损伤的内在机制有待进一步探讨