乳腺癌的钼铑靶X线征象分析附51例报告

目的:探讨乳腺癌的钼靶X线征象。材料与方法:分析51例经手术及病理证实的乳腺癌的钼靶X线表现,常规摄影乳腺轴位(CC位)及侧斜位(MLO位)摄片。结果:51例中,钙化25例,肿块35例,毛刺26例,皮肤改变23例,乳头改变23例,周围水肿带19例,周围血管纠集16例,腋下淋巴结改变15例。结论:乳腺癌X线主要征象以钙化、肿块、毛刺、皮肤、乳头改变、周围水肿带、周围血管纠集、腋下淋巴结改变为主。     

Breast forms after mastectomy —patient's issues

After mastectomy restoration of body symmetry, a very important aspect of coping with daily life, may be achieved either using breast forms that are suspended in a brassière or by a new system in which breast forms are attached by adhesive strips to the thorax walls. The system promises free and easy movement, favourable effects on lymphoedema, and improvements with respect to dressing. Brassières are not necessarily needed. The influence of improved prosthetics on patients' self concept and well-being was investigated. A group of 67 patients after unilateral mastectomy tested custom breast forms and self-adhesive breast forms. Using the Frankfurter Selbstkonzeptionsskalen (Frankfurt Self-Concept Scales), plus additional questions concerning problems after mastectomy, self-concept was assessed before study and after 3 months. Analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed significant differences with respect to the scale Social Contact and Relations (FSKU). Most patients were better satisfied with epicutaneous self-adhesive breast forms. The weight and type of movement of the selfadhesive breast forms were considered natural, and adhesive strips were well tolerated. A total of 78% were able to wear more fashionable clothing. Breast reconstruction became less important for 62%. The new concept of self-adhesive breast forms is an improvement with respect to social and psychological rehabilitation.     

Breast hamartoma: ultrasound,elastosonographic, and mammographic features. Mini pictorial essay

Hamartomas, also known as fibroadenolipomas, are rare, benign formations that can develop in various organs, including the breast. They present clinically as a soft, mobile nodular lesions and are generally asymptomatic. They may be discovered incidentally during imaging studies performed for other reasons. Owing to the increasingly widespread use of mammographic screening, the diagnosis of breast hamartomas is on the rise. The masses are associated with specific mammographic and sonographic features that reflect their diverse tissue components. They also appear to present reproducible features on elastography. This article reviews the typical features of breast hamartomas seen on these three imaging modalities.     

数字化乳腺X线摄影评估乳腺密度、诊断乳腺癌的研究进展

乳腺密度是预测乳腺癌风险的一个指标,致密型乳腺与乳腺癌具有相关性,随着乳腺密度的增加,乳腺癌诊断敏感度下降,尤其是致密型乳腺,极大地降低了放射医师的阳性诊断率。数字化乳腺X线摄影技术可提高致密型乳腺乳腺癌的诊断敏感度。本文综述了数字化乳腺X线摄影对乳腺密度的评估及乳腺癌诊断率的影响。     

超声波去脂技术在巨乳缩小术中的应用

目的探讨利用超声波去脂技术在巨乳缩小术(缩乳术)中的应用.方法利用超声波去脂技术去除巨乳中的脂肪组织,并借超声波震荡及操作刺激以使皮肤收紧.结果通过超声波去脂技术使巨乳缩小的手术方法、特点、及其效果,介绍了该技术在缩乳术中应用的可行性,阐明了提高手术效果的相应处理办法和注意事项.结论超声波去脂缩乳术较单纯性手术缩乳优越.利用超声波去除巨乳脂肪手术安全,术后局部皮肤平滑,乳房自然、美观;是一项值得推广的新技术.     

Breast reconstruction: Review of current autologous and implant-based techniques and long-term oncologic outcome

Implant-based reconstruction is the most common method of breast reconstruction. Autologous breast reconstruction is an indispensable option for breast reconstruction demanding keen microsurgical skills and robust anatomical understanding. The reconstructive choice is made by the patient after a discussion with the plastic surgeon covering all the available options. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique along with long-term oncologic outcome are reviewed.     

超声诊断乳腺囊性疾病的研究进展

乳腺囊性疾病是较为常见的乳腺病变,多为良性病灶,少数有恶变可能。超声检查对于囊性病灶的检出有很高的特异性和敏感性。本文就乳腺囊性病变的超声表现和其声像图特征做一综述。     

Diagnostic ultrasound in breast cancer: analysis of retrotumorous echo patterns correlated with sonic attenuation by cancerous connective tissue.

Echocardiographic diagnosis of breast cancer has been used in clinical medicine for the past several years. Echographic findings and characteristics suggesting differentiation between malignant and benign tumors have been reported by various investigators. These signs are analysed in correlation with histological findings, especially cancerous connective tissue and nonconnective tissue and retrotumorous shadow patterns in clinical echograms of various breast cancers. Special reference is made to ultrasound attenuation related to bioacoustical tissue characteristics. This casual mechanism provides a stepping-stone for further improvements in ultrasound apparatus designed for clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. Furthermore, it may stimulate basic research on the bioacoustical properties of ultrasound reflection, absorption, and velocity.     

乳腺MRI检查对乳腺癌个体化治疗的作用

乳腺MRI具有极好的软组织分辨率和无射线辐射特点,对乳腺癌诊断和局部分期明显优于X线和超声检查,本文结合临床病例在四个方面重点阐述乳腺MRI检查对乳腺癌个体化治疗的作用.     

乳腺纤维瘤与乳腺癌的超声鉴别诊断

本文运用高频探头检查了经病理证实的43个乳腺纤维瘤和20个乳腺癌,分析了其声像表现并进行鉴别诊断。结果显示:乳腺纤维瘤多数表现为椭圆形低回声肿块,内部回声均匀,边缘清晰光滑呈线状高回声,肿块长径与前后径比值(L/AP)大于1.4;而乳腺癌多数表现为不规则形肿块,内部回声不均匀,边缘不光滑呈带状高回声,L/AP小于1.4。肿块的形态、边缘、内部回声及L/AP值是鉴别乳腺瘤与乳腺癌的最主要指标。     

提高4个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率的调查研究

为了解在我院出生的婴儿４ 个月母乳喂养情况及影响纯母乳喂养率的因素, 采用直接询问法,询问对象为１９９４ 年１１ ～１２ 月和１９９７ 年１０ ～１２ 月出生的婴儿母亲。调查结果显示：我院出生的婴儿产后１ 个月母乳喂养率从１９９３ 年的３１ ．４％ 上升为１９９４ 年的８０ ．１５ ％ 。产后４ 个月母乳喂养率由１９９２ 年的２４ ％ 上升为１９９４ 年的５７．７９ ％ ,其中纯母乳喂养率为３６ ．４３ ％ 。１９９７ 年生后４ 个月婴儿母乳喂养率为６５ ．３４ ％ , 其中纯母乳喂养率上升为５６ ．０４ ％ 。统计分析表明：分娩方式、乳房发育不良、家庭经济水平、孕期对母乳喂养态度是影响母乳喂养成功的主要因素。本文对影响纯母乳喂养率的原因进行了探讨。     

乳腺癌的钼靶X线诊断(附40例分析)

目的：探讨钼靶X线摄影诊断乳腺癌的特点和价值。方法：回顾性分析经X线诊断、手术病理证实的40例乳腺癌，结合献复习各种类型乳腺癌的主要X表现及病理特征。结果：40－59岁为乳腺癌高发年龄组30例（75％），60－69岁组有下降趋势6例（15％）。发病部位以外上象限为多见27例（67．5％）。病理主要为浸润性导管癌30例（75％），其次为浸润性小叶癌6例（15％）。乳腺癌的X线影像特征以肿块为主，肿块边缘呈毛刺样及分叶状，肿块大多中心致密。乳腺癌的小颗粒状钙化形态特点与良性小钙化点可以鉴别。局部结构紊乱和小灶致密影是早期乳癌的表现。结论；钼靶X线摄影可以深入揭示乳腺癌的表现特征，对早期诊断和鉴别诊断有较大帮助。     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术48例临床分析

目的探讨乳腺癌保乳治疗的方法与疗效。方法回顾性分析合肥市第一人民医院2006年11月至2011年2月间48例行保乳治疗的乳腺癌患者的相关资料。结果术后标本病理切片检查,切缘无癌细胞浸润。经6～57个月随访,无局部复发、远处转移和死亡病例。患侧乳房外形满意。结论早期乳腺癌患者的保乳治疗是安全可行的,可以获得术后良好的乳房外形。     

Radiographers’ Reflections on Women With High Breast Density Tissue—An Interview Study

Women aged between 40 and 74 years are called to do mammography screening in Sweden with the aim of early detection of breast cancer, which is the most common type of cancer in women. Women with dense breast tissue are more likely to develop breast cancer, and mammography is not an optimal diagnostic method for them because of reduced sensitivity. Radiographers who work in mammography departments are exposed to ethical dilemma daily, which is whether they should inform women about the density of their breast. The purpose of the study is to illustrate thoughts that radiographers have on breast density during mammography examination. The study was performed with qualitative method, where semistructured interviews were conducted. The material from the interviews was analyzed, condensed into different units and afterward in different codes that became different categories. The informants had separate opinions about if women in Sweden should be informed about breast density. On the other hand, radiographers considered that women should not be informed if there are no guidelines for the assessment and follow-up of breast density. With regard to supplementary examinations, all informants consider that it would be good for women with high-dense breast tissue to be offered supplementary examinations during mammography screening.     

三种方法在产后乳房护理中的应用效果比较

目的:探讨人工按摩、吸奶器及乳房修护治疗仪在产后乳房护理中的应用效果比较.方法:将306例发生泌乳困难的产妇随机分为A、B、C 三组各102例,A组产妇应用人工按摩对产后乳房进行护理,B组产妇应用吸奶器对产后乳房进行护理,C组产妇应用便携式乳房修护治疗仪对产后乳房进行护理.观察三组产妇乳房胀痛程度、乳腺炎发病率、母乳喂养率等指标.结果:出院时A组发生乳房胀痛率为23.53%,B组为21.57%,C组为8.82%,C组乳房胀痛率明显低于A、B组(P＜0.05);C组产妇开始泌乳时间显著早于A、B组(P＜0.05);C组产妇复诊时乳腺炎发生率显著低于A、B组,母乳喂养率显著高于A、B组(P＜0.05).结论:便携式乳房修护治疗仪操作简单、安全舒适,便于长期护理,可作为产后乳房护理方式在临床推广应用.     

早期乳腺癌保乳治疗与乳腺癌改良根治术近期临床对比

目的探讨乳腺癌保乳手术加综合治疗的适应证、治疗方法和疗效。方法对2005年12月至2007年11月本院开展的21例行保乳手术加综合治疗病例（保乳组）和28例行改良根治术加综合治疗（对照组）的乳腺癌病例进行对比分析。结果保乳组21例双侧乳房乳头基本对称、外形良好。保乳组、对照组的平均手术时间分别为170．3±20．1min和200．6±25．6min，术中平均出血量分别为289±31ml和410±23ml，手术并发症发生率分别为14．3％和32．1％，保乳组均优于对照组（均P〈0．05）。近期随访显示，两组患者总的局部复发率比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论临床早期乳腺癌采用保乳手术加综合治疗可以取得满意的临床疗效，早期乳腺癌可以行保乳治疗。     

乳腺腺肌上皮病变的超声表现

目的 探讨乳腺腺肌上皮病变的超声表现及诊断价值。方法 回顾分析3例患者8个腺肌上皮病变的超声表现。结果 8个腺肌上皮病变包括2个腺肌上皮增生、3个腺肌上皮瘤、3个腺肌上皮癌。良性肌上皮病变超声表现为均匀低回声，边界清，形态规则．后方回声轻度增强；恶性肌上皮病变表现为低回声不均质，形态不规则，后方回声衰减。超声对病灶的良恶性诊断7个正确、1个错误。结论 腺肌上皮病变超声虽然缺乏特征表现，但对其良恶性诊断有一定价值。超声对术前定位及术后随访十分必要。     

乳腺癌超声诊断进展

乳腺癌是常见的女性恶性肿瘤,早期诊断对其治疗和预后十分重要。超声检查是诊断乳腺病变尤其是乳腺癌的主要影像学方法之一。超声检测乳腺癌的方法有灰阶超声、多普勒超声、超声微泡造影、超声弹性成像和三维超声。本文就这些技术应用于乳腺癌的诊断作一概述。     

三维超声冠状面成像鉴别乳腺实性病灶良恶性的应用价值

目的：探讨三维超声冠状面成像鉴别乳腺肿块良恶性的应用价值。方法观察分析97例患者106个乳腺实性病灶的二维和三维超声冠状面成像,对二维超声图像进行乳腺超声影像报告与数据系统（BI-RADS-US）分类,并与病理结果对照,计算二维超声对乳腺病灶良恶性病灶的鉴别诊断价值;根据良恶性病灶在三维超声冠状面上的声像图特征,建立Logistic回归模型,绘制受试者操作特性（ROC）曲线及计算曲线下面积来分析其对乳腺癌的诊断价值。结果106个乳腺病灶中,恶性病灶71个,良性病灶35个。二维超声诊断准确性85.8%,敏感度84.5%,特异度88.6%。多因素回归分析显示最后进入Logistic模型的特征分别为病灶边缘的成角或毛刺和“太阳征”。ROC曲线下面积为0.899,标准误为0.033,95%可信区间（0.834,0.965）。以成角或毛刺、“太阳征”为自变量的Logistic回归模型诊断乳腺肿块的准确性为88.7%（94/106）,敏感度为90.1%（64/71）,特异度为85.7%（30/35）,阳性预测值为92.8%（64/69）,阴性预测值为81.1%（30/37）。结论乳腺三维超声冠状面,特别是成角或毛刺征及“太阳征”在乳腺肿块的良恶性鉴别中具有重要价值。对于疑难病灶,三维超声冠状面上的信息有助于提高医生的诊断自信心。     

正常妇女月经不同时期乳腺超声影像特点

目的 分析正常妇女不同月经时期乳腺超声影像特点。方法 52例25－45岁月经正常、未发现乳腺疾患的妇女,记录近三个月脂周期乳房胀疼出现及持续时间,于黄体期和晚卵泡期行超声检查,测量腺体层厚度、导管宽度、腺体结构及血流。结果 黄体期腺体层增厚7％,晚卵泡期增宽11％;出现腺体结构改变26人（50％）,未生育者13名中8人（61.5%)、生育未哺乳者16名中5人（31.3%),生育哺乳者23名13脸（56.5％）有腺体结构改变;卡方检验,无显著性差异;乳房胀疼32人（61.5%),皆于经前出现,平均持续4天,其中21人（65.6%）,无乳房胀疼5人（25％）有腺体结构改变,卡方检验,P＜0.01。结论 正常妇女乳腺腺体声像图表现随月脂周期而变化;乳房胀疼与乳腺腺体结构改变相关;未生育者出现乳腺结构改变较生育者有增多的趋势。