自制磷酸钙骨水泥的生物相容性和安全性

目的　研究自制磷酸钙骨水泥 (CPC)的生物相容性和安全性 ,为临床应用提供实验依据。　方法　采用浸提法制备自制磷酸钙骨水泥生理盐水和培养液浸提液 ;采用 MTT法进行细胞毒性试验 ;应用平板掺入法进行Ames试验 ;在小鼠腹腔内注射 CPC浸提液 ,取胸骨髓制片行微核试验 ;采用分光光度法进行溶血试验 ;通过新西兰兔骶棘肌及股骨髁内植入法行植入试验。　结果　自制 CPC的细胞毒性为 级 ;对健康人血的溶血率 <5 % ;Ames试验及微核试验均呈阴性 ;肌肉及骨内植入后无明显炎症反应 ,CPC与周围骨组织可达生物结合。　结论　自制 CPC无细胞毒性 ,无致突变、致畸、致癌作用 ,无溶血作用 ,植入后无炎症反应 ,可以与骨组织生物结合 ,具有良好的生物相容性和安全性     

Plat铸造陶瓷的生物相容性试验

采用溶血试验、细胞毒性试验和急性短期口服毒性试验，对新型牙科材料ｐｌａｔ铸造陶瓷的生物相容性进行评价，结果表明：Ｐｌａｔ铸造陶瓷平均溶血率为３．９３％，按ＩＳＯ标准属于正常范围（＜５％）；Ｐｌａｔ铸造陶瓷对体外培养的Ｌ９２９细胞的生长、附着和增殖无明显抑制作用；将Ｐｌａｔ铸造陶瓷生理盐水悬浮液给小白鼠灌胃，动物未出现全身毒性症状，生长发育未受到不良影响。     

自制CPC纳米复合材料溶血试验和短期全身毒性试验的研究

目的 依据相关标准初步评价自制CPC纳米复合材料的生物相容性,为材料的最终临床应用提供实验依据.方法 根据YY/T 0127.1-93和YY/T 0244-1996标准,用体外溶血试验及经口途径短期全身急性毒性试验评价自制CPC纳米复合材料的安全性.结果 自制材料浸提液对健康人血红细胞溶血率为0.1%(＜5%),无溶血现象;经口途径短期全身急性毒性试验的大鼠每周食物利用率及体质量相对增长率与对照组之间均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),心、肾、肝等重要脏器肉眼观察无异常改变,其组织切片未出现病理学变化.结论 自制CPC纳米复合材料生物相容性符合国内的体内植入物的生物学评价标准,具有良好的生物相容性.     

可降解生物材料聚已丙交酯的生物相容性研究

目的:对组织工程用细胞移植载体材料聚已丙交酯(PLGA)的生物相容性进行研究,为其应用的安全性提供依据。方法:对PLGA的生物相容性进行急性毒性实验、亚急性毒性实验、溶血试验及肌肉植入试验。结果:急性毒性实验术后PLGA组与对照组同性动物组间,体重差异性无显著性意义(P>0.05)。亚急性毒性实验同性动物组间,体重差异性无显著意义(P>0.05),心、肺、肝、脾、肾组织学检查未见组织和细胞的变性坏死。溶血试验PLGA组与对照组均无溶血,双蒸水组全部溶血。PLGA的溶血率为0.28%,小于公认的5%。肌肉植入试验PLGA组与丝线组炎性反应程度和包膜形成情况相似。结论:PLGA无毒性,无溶血作用,体内植入后与周围组织相容性良好。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维的生物相容性评价

目的：评价新型口腔修复材料超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维的生物相容性。方法：参照IS07406技术报告相关标准,选用短期急性全身毒性试验、细胞毒性试验、溶血试验及口腔黏膜刺激试验等评价该材料的生物相容性。结果：超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维短期内无全身毒性,其细胞毒性评级为0～1级,溶血率为0．52％,对口腔黏膜无刺激。结论：新型口腔修复材料超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维具有良好的生物相容性。     

新型可注射可降解磷酸钙骨水泥的生物相容性的实验研究

目的:研究新研制的一种可注射可降解磷酸钙骨水泥材料生物相容性,为材料的最终临床应用提供实验依据.方法:根据国际标准化组织(ISO)颁布的ISO10993系列标准和国内的国家医药管理局颁布的GB/T16886系列标准,对这种磷酸钙骨水泥材料进行体外溶血试验、细胞毒性试验、急性毒性试验、热原试验、微核试验、皮肤过敏性试验和体内肌内埋置试验.结果:该磷酸钙骨水泥材料原液对健康人血红细胞溶血率为1.82%,无溶血现象.对小鼠的体外L929细胞毒性分级为0级,无细胞毒性.材料原液未引起小鼠急性毒性反应、新西兰白兔热原反应、小鼠遗传毒性及豚鼠过敏反应.小鼠肌内埋置后植入部位无肌肉坏死,炎症反应轻,无纤维包裹.结论:新型可注射可降解磷酸钙骨水泥材料的生物相容性符合国际和国内规定的体内植入物的生物学评价标准,可适用于临床治疗相关疾病.     

可降解生物材料聚已丙交酯的生物相容性研究

目的：对组织工程用细胞移植载体材料聚已丙交酯（PLGA）的生物相容性进行研究,为其应用的安全性提供依据。方法：对PLGA的生物相容性进行急性毒性实验、亚急性毒性实验、溶血试验及肌肉植入试验。结果：急性毒性实验术后PLGA组与对照组同性动物组间,体重差异性无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。亚急性毒性实验同性动物组间,体重差异性无显著意义（P〉0．05）,心、肺、肝、脾、肾组织学检查未见组织和细胞的变性坏死。溶血试验PLGA组与对照组均无溶血,双蒸水组全部溶血。PLGA的溶血率为0．28％,小于公认的5％。肌肉植入试验PLGA组与丝线组炎性反应程度和包膜形成情况相似。结论：PLGA无毒性,无溶血作用,体内植入后与周围组织相容性良好。     

人工气管材料体外细胞毒性和生物相容性研究

目的 :对自行研制的人工气管材料进行体外细胞毒性和生物相容性研究 ,以便为该植入材料应用于临床提供实验依据。方法 :参照 ISO10 993- 1:1992医疗器械生物学评价标准和要求 ,对人工气管材料进行了体外细胞与材料共培养试验、细胞毒性试验、溶血试验、急性全身毒性试验、致敏和热源试验。 结果 :(1)人工气管材料表面的细胞黏附生长良好 ,该材料对体外培养的细胞形态不构成损害 ,对细胞的生长和增殖均无明显抑制作用 ,细胞增殖指数和增殖指数百分率与空白对照组比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而与阳性参照材料组比较差异具有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;(2 )溶血率均低于 5 %的国家标准 ,在体外不引起溶血反应 ;(3)该组分材料也无急性全身毒性反应、致敏和热源作用。结论 :该人工气管材料无细胞毒性和热源作用 ,不引起溶血反应和急性全身毒性反应 ,对细胞形态、生长和增殖不构成损害 ,具有良好的生物相容性。     

多孔碳酸钙陶瓷细胞相容性评价

目的:探讨多孔碳酸钙陶瓷CCC的细胞相容性,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法:采用浸提法制备CCC生理盐水和培养液浸提液,浸提液体外培养L929小鼠成纤维细胞,进行细胞形态学观察,采用MTT法测定细胞增殖率并进行细胞毒性分级;采用分光光度法进行溶血试验。结果:培养期细胞大量增殖,形态良好,(CCC)的细胞毒性分级为Ⅰ级,对健康人血的溶血率<5%,存在轻微细胞毒性和溶血作用。结论:CCC细胞相容性好,符合植入人体生物材料的相关要求。     

三种羧甲基壳聚糖的初级生物学评价

本文旨在对三种不同取代位置的羧甲基壳聚糖（N-羧甲基壳聚糖（CMC）,N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖,O-羧甲基壳聚糖）进行初级生物学评价。本文利用化学改性的方法制备的三种羧甲基壳聚糖,其生物学评价试验包括细胞毒性试验和溶血试验。细胞毒性试验：采用浸提液试验中的细胞增殖度法提取材料浸提液培养L929细胞,观察其对细胞生长、增殖的影响,测定加样后2、4、7d的OD值,计算RGR,评定细胞毒性等级;溶血试验：采用溶血率法评价材料的溶血性能,取新鲜兔血与材料直接接触,测定溶血率。毒性试验结果发现：经纯化的壳聚糖和三种CMC的细胞毒性均为0级或1级,符合医疗用途的技术要求。材料浸提液浓度越大,细胞毒性越大,壳聚糖的三种羧甲基化产物中,N-CMC和N,O-CMC的细胞毒性比壳聚糖小,O-CMC的细胞毒性最大。溶血试验结果发现：壳聚糖和三种CMC的溶血率均小于5%,符合医疗用途的技术要求。N-CMC的溶血率最小,O-CMC的最大,这结果与细胞毒性试验一致。经体外细胞毒性试验和溶血试验可知：经初步检验,可认为壳聚糖的羧甲基化衍生物具有良好的生物相容性,为以后更深一步的研究提供了科研基础和实验依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.