不同代乳粉哺育早期断奶湖羊羔羊的效果

将40只湖羊羔羊随机分为4组.试验组为A、B、C组,分别使用代乳粉I、代乳粉Ⅱ及代乳粉Ⅲ,对照组为D组,随母羊自然哺乳,共进行了40天的饲养试验,研究其对羔羊体重、体高、体长、胸围、腹泻等指标的影响.结果表明:20、30、40、50日龄时,试验组与对照组体重差异不显著(P>0.05);60日龄时,D组体重显著低于A、B、C组(P<0.05),而A、B、C组间差异不显著(P>0.05).20-30日龄时,B、C组日增重显著低于D组(P<0.05),而A组日增重虽低于D组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);41-50日龄4组羔羊日增重无显著差异(P>0.05);51-60日龄,A、B、C三组间差异不显著(P>0.05),A、B、C组日增重显著(P<0.05)高于D组,日增重分别比对照组高100g、130g、100g.60日龄时,A组体高显著高于D组,B、C、D三组间差异不显著;体长和胸围各组间差异不显著.试验全期,A、B、C腹泻次数依次为11、10、7,低于D组(13).     

德国美利奴与新疆细毛羊F_1羔羊育肥对比试验

选用6月龄左右的新疆细毛羊羔羊和当新疆细毛羊与德国芙利奴杂交一代羔羊各50只,分成两组,进行育肥试验,研究不同育肥方式对两组羔羊生长性能的影响.结果表明,在放牧条件下,对断奶羔羊适当补饲适量精料能极显著地提高日增重(P＜0.01).试验结束后,选取两组试验羔羊各8只进行屠宰试验,比较不同育肥方式对羊胴体品质的影响.结果表明,补饲能极显著地提高胴体重(P＜0.01),同时屠宰率、净肉率等指标也得到不同程度的改善.并且杂交一代羊在育肥和屠宰性能等方面都优于新疆细毛羊.     

注射母羊血清可提高羔羊成活率

所有供试羔羊均为4日龄以内的杂种×萨福克羊的后代,所有母羊至少已产过两胎。试验前几周,用同一牧场屠宰的2只母羊的血清,血清从凝血中分离,灭菌,并通过0.22微米Millipore滤器过滤,使用前一直贮存在25毫升容器内并置于-20℃保存。57只羔羊注射血清(A组),另57只为对照(B组)。每只试验羊(1-1.5日龄)在胸腔任一侧皮下注射25毫升血清,该部位可注射最大剂量且造成外伤和应激均较小。注射后4周,A组死亡羔羊为2只(3.5％),B组为 8只(14％),差异显著(P <0.05)。本法     

新疆规模羊场萨福克与湖羊杂交应用试验

为建立适应新疆规模化羊场的杂交生产体系,提高种羊利用率及当地绵羊的生产性能,以萨福克羊为父本、湖羊为母本,在规模羊场开展杂交应用试验。以出生日龄相近的萨湖F1为试验组,湖羊羔羊为对照组,测定初生重、2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄体重、6月龄体尺等生长指标及宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率和净肉率等屠宰性能指标。结果表明,萨湖F1羔羊的2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄体重及日增重显著高于湖羊F1羔羊(P0.05),6月龄萨湖F1羔羊平均宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率及净肉率显著高于湖羊F1羔羊(P0.05)。利用萨福克杂交改良规模羊场湖羊,可以显著提高羔羊的生长发育,杂种优势显著。     

NPN日粮中添加益生素对绵羊生长性能及消化代谢的影响

选用40只5月龄的杂交绵羊(萨福克×小尾寒羊),随机分为两组,研究了非蛋白氮日粮中添加益生素对绵羊生长性能及消化代谢的影响。对照组饲喂C日粮(2%包被尿素)、试验组饲喂D日粮(2%包被尿素 0.2%益生素)。结果表明:(1)D日粮总增重和日增重要大于C日粮,有增加的趋势;但差异不显著;(2)D日粮能显著提高绵羊的沉积氮和降低尿氮的排出(P<0.05)。两组进食干物质、进食氮、粪氮、可消化氮之间差异不显著(P>0.05);D日粮可以提高沉积氮和可消化氮、沉积氮和进食氮的比例,降低尿氮与进食氮的比例;(3)D日粮可以显著提高绵羊的干物质、ADF的消化率以及酸不容灰分的利用率(P<0.05)。氮表观消化率和NDF消化率差异不显著。本试验结果表明,绵羊非蛋白氮中日粮添加0.2%益生素可以提高绵羊对非蛋白氮的利用率。     

初产槐山羊的繁殖性能及羔羊的生长发育

槐山羊属于多胎高产的肉用山羊品种,其繁殖率与繁殖母羊的胎次有关.为了解初产槐山羊的繁殖性能及所产羔羊的生长发育指标,本研究对138只初产槐山羊母羊的产羔性能、羔羊初生重、生长发育指标和羔羊淘汰率等进行了调查分析.结果表明:初产槐山羊的产羔率为147.83％,其中公母羔总比例接近1:1(47.1％:52.9％);单胎数显著高于(P<0.05)多胎(66.67％:33.33％),单胎羔羊的出生重也显著高于(P<0.05)多胎,3月龄时,单胎羔羊的体长、体高、体重、胸围和管围显著优于多胎羔羊,但6月龄后所有羔羊生长发育指标之间差异不显著.单胎羔羊的难产率(15％)显著低于(P<0.05)三胎羔羊(25％),但与双胎的难产率(12％)无差异,羔羊的淘汰死亡主要以体质瘦弱和感染疾病的三胎羔羊较多.结论:槐山羊初产羊繁殖率仅有147.83％,单胎羔羊初生重及3月龄的生长发育指标均显著高于多胎,但6月龄后单、多胎之间已无显著差异.     

饲料中添加钴、维生素B12对羔羊生长的影响

选用产期接近的3月龄小尾寒羊30只,随机分为二组(试验Ⅰ、试验Ⅱ),每组15只。试验Ⅰ饲喂本场加工的羔羊精饲料,试验Ⅱ饲喂本场加工的羔羊精饲料基础上,每公斤饲料中分别添加钴0.4mg和维生素B120.30mg,试验结果表明:试验Ⅰ与试验Ⅱ日增重相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

不同肉牛品种断奶后育肥试验

选择健康无病3月龄的美国褐牛与新疆褐牛F1 8头为试验1组、新疆褐牛10头为试验2组、西门塔尔牛5头为试验3组。断奶后进行120天的育肥试验。试验结果表明,体尺增长速度试验2组的比试验1组和试验3组的快,试验1组与试验3组体尺增长速度无差异;体重:试验1组和试验3组与试验2组的总增重之间差异显著(P<0.05),试验1组与试验3组之间的增重差异不显著(P>0.05);日增重:试验1组和试验3组与试验2组之间的日增重差异显著(P<0.05),试验1组与试验3组之间的日增重差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

生长獭兔饲料配方的筛选研究

以48只体重相近(2.22±0.07kg)3月龄的獭兔为研究对象,随机分为4组,分别饲喂青干草、青干草+苜蓿、青干草+花生秧、青干草+苜蓿+花生秧四种粗饲料组合的日粮,即分别为试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,研究其对獭兔生长性能的影响.试验期为67d.结果表明:各试验组之间的结束体重和日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05).试验Ⅱ组的0-60d日增重显著的高于其它三个组(P<0.05),而其它三个组彼此之间的差异不大(P>0.05).试验Ⅱ组的饲料转化效率显著地高于试验Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与试验Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组彼此之间的结果差异不显著(P>0.05).从经济效益和饲料来源来考虑,粗饲料组合为青干草+花生秧的饲料配方较适合.     

肉羔宰前禁食对其活重、胴体重和脂肪损失的影响

试验设计 本研究通过两次试验分析屠宰前已禁食4天的杂二代肥羔(有角陶赛特公羊×边区来斯特与美利奴杂一代母羊的后代)的活重、热胴体重和胴体品质的变化。 试验1 将250只去势公羔和母羔于14周龄断奶,用汽车运到屠宰场(250公里),在狼尾草灌溉草场上放牧三周。羔羊随机分成5组,每组50只,再根据人为脂肪评分、活重和性别平衡。 试验的第1天,早9时从牧场赶出羔羊,进行称重和脂肪评分。4小时后屠宰I组羔羊,其它羔羊在禁食的头12个小时内每3小     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.