喉及喉咽部非上皮源性恶性肿瘤

目的讨论临床罕见喉腔及喉咽部非上皮源性恶性肿瘤的临床特征、诊断及治疗。方法自１９８５～１９９６年１２年间，共诊治喉及喉咽部非上皮源性恶性肿瘤２６例，其中喉２３例，喉咽部３例；男２１例，女５例；年龄１６～６５岁。喉肉瘤１１例，髓外浆细胞瘤１例，恶性淋巴瘤９例，恶性黑色素瘤２例，喉咽部平滑肌肉瘤１例，恶性黑色素瘤２例。对２１例患者首选手术切除，并根据其不同的组织病理学特性选择放射治疗或／和化学治疗。结果经６个月～１０年随访，１２例存活４～１０年，其中喉肉瘤６例，声门上区恶性淋巴瘤２例，喉恶性黑色素瘤２例，喉咽部平滑肌肉瘤、恶性黑色素瘤各１例。结论此类肿瘤的共有特征为：①肿瘤表面粘膜多光滑；②喉腔肿瘤较少发生颈淋巴结转移；③临床及病理学诊断、组织学分级较困难，免疫组化检查有助于确诊。     

109例下咽后壁癌患者的治疗分析

目的探讨影响下咽后壁癌患者预后的相关因素,为下咽后壁癌的治疗提供新的思路。方法收集2009年1月—2017年12月手术治疗的109例下咽后壁鳞状细胞癌患者,按照性别、是否保留喉功能、T分期、N分期、临床分期、肿瘤分化程度、手术方法及治疗方式分别分组,分析不同分组之间生存率的差别。结果下咽后壁癌患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为75%、52%、38%。下咽后壁癌N分期以及临床分期越早,生存率越高。结论只要选取了合适的手术入路保证肿瘤完整切除,可以保留患者的喉功能,并且对咽功能进行修复,从而提高患者的术后生活质量。     

Free-flap reconstruction for laryngeal preservation after partial laryngectomy in patients with extended tumors of the oropharynx and hypopharynx

Partial laryngeal resection often results in major aspiration problems, making larynx preservation during surgical removal of tumors of the oropharynx and hypopharynx impossible. However, free flaps can be used to reconstruct perilaryngeal tissue, thus preserving the larynx and ensuring a better quality of life for patients. We present the results of forearm free-flap reconstruction of the supraglottis in 22 patients who underwent resections of extended squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. A total of 9 patients had T3 lesions and 13 had T4 lesions. All patients were additionally treated with radiation therapy alone (to 70 Gy) or in combination with chemotherapy (Cisplatin; 5-fluorouracil). The mean follow-up was 2.4 years. In four patients, tracheostomy could be closed. Five patients suffered from severe aspiration, one of whom had to undergo a laryngectomy. Six patients had mild aspiration and 7 patients had no aspiration, but extensive edema made decanulation impossible. A total of 13 patients were free of disease, 4 patients died of disease, 1 patient died as the result of a second primary cancer and 1 patient died of other causes. Three patients are alive with persistent tumor. Although the majority of patients experienced a better quality of life as a result of larynx preservation, aspiration has remained a problem following treatment. Received: 26 September 1998 / Accepted: 26 February 1999     

咽后壁瓣在早期下咽后壁癌切除修复术中的临床应用

目的 探讨应用咽后壁瓣修复早期下咽后壁癌切除后缺损的可行性。 方法 用咽后壁瓣对3例早期下咽后壁癌手术切除后缺损进行修复。 结果 咽后壁瓣愈合良好,患者术后发音、吞咽及呼吸功能恢复良好。 结论 咽后壁瓣修复早期下咽后壁癌手术切除后缺损是一种简单有效的修复方法。     

Canal wall reconstruction and preservation in the surgical management of cholesteatoma in children with Down's syndrome

Introduction

Down's syndrome is associated with poor Eustachian tube function, and an increased incidence of cholesteatoma. The only previously published case series suggests that ‘canal wall preserving’ procedures are only rarely suitable for the management of cholesteatoma in this population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of the hospital's clinical records database to identify patients with Down's syndrome and cholesteatoma. These patients’ notes were then reviewed.

Results

We identified nine patients with Down's syndrome who had undergone surgical management of cholesteatoma over a twelve year period. Three patients had bilateral disease, meaning twelve ears were treated. Seven ears were initially treated with ‘canal wall down’ procedures. Four out of five of the remaining ears were successfully treated using ‘canal wall preservation’ or ‘canal wall reconstruction’, with one ear requiring subsequent conversion to a ‘canal wall down’ approach.

Conclusion

Canal wall preservation/reconstruction is feasible in patients with Down's syndrome, even when cholesteatoma extends into the mastoid.     

颈段食管癌手术喉功能保留问题的探讨

目的:探讨颈段食管癌手术喉功能保留的适应证和咽食管重建方法, 以及胃咽吻合术误吸并发症的原因和防治措施.方法:9例保留喉功能的颈段食管癌手术患者,其中单纯颈段食管癌2例,颈段食管癌侵犯下咽部6例,颈胸段食管重复癌1例.喉功能保留:全部喉功能保留8例,部分喉功能保留1例.下咽-食管重建:胃咽吻合7例,游离前臂皮瓣1例, 胸大肌皮瓣1例.结果:喉功能恢复良好4例,中等2例,差3例.胃咽吻合术7例均发生不同程度的胃液反流、咳嗽反射暂时性消失和误吸,5例发生声带麻痹;吻合口越高,误吸程度越重.游离前臂皮瓣移植术1例死于大出血.胸大肌皮瓣转移术1例虽能恢复良好的喉功能,但6个月后发生吻合口狭窄.结论:单纯颈段食管癌和颈段食管癌向上侵犯下咽部1 cm以内的患者适宜行全部喉功能保留手术;而颈段食管癌向上侵犯下咽部部1 cm以上的高龄患者不宜行全部喉功能保留手术,可行部分喉功能保留手术或不保留喉功能手术.胃咽吻合术误吸并发症的发生与咽-食管吞咽功能障碍和喉防误吸功能障碍密切相关.     

耳后带蒂复合皮瓣移植填塞乳突术腔 并重建外耳道后壁

目的探讨陈旧性根治性乳突术腔填塞及外耳道后壁缺损的修复方法。方法采用耳后带蒂复合皮瓣移植,对10例(11耳)行乳突根治术后1～6年的患者,行陈旧性乳突术腔填塞及外耳道后壁缺损重建术,并同期行鼓室成形术。结果术后随访3～30个月,全部患者乳突术腔消失,外耳道大小接近正常;术后干耳时间2～3周,“根治腔病”症状明显好转,平均听阈下降13.6dBHL。结论本方法缩短了术后干耳时间,对乳突根治术后的“根治腔病”具有明显的治疗效果,有利于鼓室成形术。     

喉近全切除术──Pearson手术在晚期喉癌及下咽癌治疗中的应用

利用Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ术式治疗１４例患者，其中喉癌１０例，梨状窝癌３例，下咽颈段食管癌１例。除２例发育管闭锁外，其余１２例均在术后２～５周内获得理想的发音和良好的无呛咳吞咽功能。２年生存率７８．６％，详细介绍了手术操作步骤及若干改进并扩大了的手术适应症。     

下咽、颈段食管癌手术切除后保留喉功能与发声重建

目的：探讨下咽、颈段食管癌根治术患者喉功能保留与发声重建的手术方法。方法：对16例下咽、颈段食管癌患者手术切除肿瘤后，实施保留全喉及部分喉切除喉功能重建；全喉切除后Blom-Singer 1期、2期发声重建术，同时下咽及颈段食管缺损分别采用胃－咽吻合、前臂游离皮瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、胸三角皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣，颈前肌皮瓣、喉气管粘膜瓣等方法进行整复。保留全喉8例，保留部分喉喉重建3例，全喉切除后行Blom-Singer发声重建1期4例，2期1例。结果：16例中除1例术后14d心脏病变发死亡外，均恢复了吞咽功能，13例恢复发声功能，6例恢复了全喉功能，2例恢复了部分喉功能（不能拔管）。5例行Blom-Singer发声重建者，均发声成功。结论：依据患者病变部位、肿瘤分期、身体状况、年龄等因素，切除肿瘤后采用不同的手术方法行喉功能保留及发声重建，可提高患者术后生存质量。     

Esophageal reconstruction with larynx preservation using forearm-free flap

Surgery for cervical esophageal malignancy frequently involves comcomitant total laryngectomy carried out because of either oncologic or functional concerns. Though uncommon, preservation of the larynx has, in recent years, been described in patients undergoing cervical esophagectomy with reconstruction of the resulting circumferential esophageal defect achieved using either free jejunal flaps or gastric pullup procedures. The use of tubed-free cutaneous flaps for circumferential cervical esophageal reconstruction, however, has been rarely described in situations where the larynx has been preserved. We describe successful use of a tubed radial forearm-free flap for reconstruction of a circumferential cervical esophageal defect with preservation of the larynx. Use of the radial forearm flap in this situation resulted in minimal donor site-related morbidity, avoided the need for laparotomy and excellent voice and swallowing function were maintained. As such, use of tubed cutaneous free flaps can be considered an option for cervical esophageal reconstruction when the larynx has been preserved.     

瘢痕性喉气管完全闭锁48例

目的 :进一步探讨瘢痕性喉气管完全闭锁的治疗方法。方法 :应用激光烧灼声门裂开成形术 ,用带蒂或游离组织移植喉气管成形术 ,用瘢痕组织喉气管成形术 ,气管端端吻合术 ,沟槽法 期喉气管成形术 ,开胸支气管成形术。结果 :治疗喉气管完全闭锁患者 48例 ,痊愈 46例 ,其中 1次手术治愈 2 6例 ,2～ 3次治愈 2 0例。随访1～ 12年 ,疗效满意。结论 :瘢痕性喉气管完全闭锁难治 ,但如根据病情选择适当的手术方法仍可取得满意的疗效。     

喉咽后壁区癌手术治疗

目的探讨喉咽后壁区癌的手术方法、疗效和保留喉功能的可行性。方法回顾性分析于1997～2003年行手术治疗的喉咽后壁区癌21例。男19例,女2例;年龄35～78岁;根据1971年UICC分期的规定:Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期4例,Ⅳ期12例。6例以局部黏膜拉拢缝合修复,2例行裂层皮瓣修复,1例行颈阔肌皮瓣修复,7例以残喉气管瓣修复,1例行胸大肌皮瓣修复,1例以胸大肌联合喉气管瓣修复,其余3例行全喉及全喉咽切除后以胃上提及结肠上徙修复。10例行单侧,11例行双侧选择性或改良根治性颈清扫术。术后病理5例有淋巴结转移,占23.8%。19例术后行辅助性放疗。结果21例术后均Ⅰ期愈合,吞咽功能恢复良好,其中11例保留了全部或部分喉功能。经6个月～7年随访,随访5年及以上者3例,健在1例,生存率1/3;随访3年以上者13例,健在5例,生存率38.5%;其余8例随访未及3年。结论喉咽后壁区癌的T1￣2级病变宜行保留全喉功能的手术,细心选择的T3￣4级病变可保留部分喉功能,手术方式和重建方法的选择对彻底切除喉咽后壁区癌并保留喉功能十分重要。     

真核生物蛋白合成启始因子在喉及喉咽癌手术切缘中的表达

目的探讨真核生物蛋白合成启始因子4E(eukaryoticinitiationfactor4E,eIF4E)在18例喉癌和7例喉咽癌手术切缘中的表达及意义。方法25例病例中,喉癌18例,喉咽癌7例,采用Westernblot分析eIF4E在喉癌和喉咽癌手术切缘中的表达,并与自身正常黏膜和肿瘤核心组织的表达相比较。结果eIF4E在癌肿核心组织的表达为75.81±20.77,手术切缘为12.90±5.88,正常黏膜为12.20±5.56,其中7例手术切缘eIF4E表达高于正常黏膜2倍以上,为26.42±1.81。本组病例随访3年以上,共6例局部复发,其中4例切缘eIF4E过度表达。结论eIF4E过度表达与喉癌和喉咽癌组织恶变有关,eIF4E的表达可被考虑作为判断喉癌和喉咽癌切缘安全性的指标。     

耳廓软骨在修补鼓膜和重建外耳道后壁中的应用

目的：探讨应用耳廓软骨修补鼓膜并同时进行外耳道后壁重建的疗效。方法：对43耳慢性化脓性中耳炎患者，于彻底清除病灶后用耳廓软骨行鼓膜修补，同时进行外耳道后壁重建。结果 ：43耳中，3耳失败，40耳一期愈合。与同期未进行外耳道后壁重建，只进行鼓室成形的病例相比，外耳道后壁重建者的干耳的时间比未重建者短；复发率差异无显著性意义。两组术后均有较好的听力。结论：应用耳廓软骨同时修补鼓膜并重建外耳道后壁，是一种较好的治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的方法，不公能缩短时间，改善听力，而且免除了二次手术，明显改善了患者的生活质量。     

喉癌垂直部分喉切除术疗效分析

目的 :评价垂直部分喉切除术治疗喉癌的效果。方法 :1979～ 1990年行手术加放疗 2 4例 ,单纯手术 1例 ;1991～ 1997年行单纯手术治疗 2 2例 ,术后放疗 3例。新声门重建采用甲状软骨外软骨膜修复 2 2例 ,单蒂胸骨舌骨肌修复 14例 ,创面直接对合重建声带 10例 ,游离皮片移植 2例 ,颈前皮瓣修复 1例 ,舌骨肌瓣修复 1例。结果 :拔管率为 98.0 % (47/ 4 8) ,有良好的发声和吞咽功能 ;3、5、10年生存率分别为 89.6 %、82 .9%、6 6 .7% ;局部复发死亡 4例 ,死于远处转移 1例 ,死于食管癌 1例 ,非肿瘤死亡 5例。结论 :垂直部分喉切除术是治疗喉癌的有效术式 ,麻醉方式、手术切除范围和修复方法的合理选择可进一步提高疗效     

Squamous carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall

We present 70 patients with tumours of the posterior pharyngeal wall, considering tumours of the posterior hypopharyngeal and posterior oropharyngeal wall as one unit. Almost half (45%) of the patients were in poor general condition at the time of presentation, and 60% had Stage III or IV tumours. One-third of the patients were untreated, and surgery was mainly reserved for patients with Stage I and II tumours. The larynx could be preserved in two-thirds of those undergoing surgery. The best current method of repair of the posterior pharyngeal wall after partial pharyngectomy appears to be a revascularized radial forearm flap. The median survival for patients with Stage I tumours was 236 weeks, but for patients with Stages II-IV tumours was only 33 weeks. There was no significant difference between the survival for II–IV stage groups, but there was between Group I and the rest. We identify 2 defects in the UICC classification system: lack of definition of the lateral limit of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and a gross discrepancy between size and T staging of tumours arising primarily from the posterior wall of the hypopharynx.     

Bioglass reconstruction of posterior meatal wall after canal wall down mastoidectomy

Background

Canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy has many drawbacks including chronic otorrhea, granulations, dizziness on exposure to cold or hot water and tendency of debris accumulation in the mastoid cavity demanding periodic cleaning. Many of these problems can be solved by reconstruction of the posterior meatal wall (PMW).

喉神经内分泌癌九例临床病理分析

目的 总结喉神经内分泌癌患者的临床表现、治疗方法及预后.方法 回顾性分析2005年5月至2011年6月共收治9例喉神经内分泌癌患者的临床资料,男6例,女3例;年龄35～65岁,中位年龄58岁.结果 治疗方法采取单纯手术5例,手术加术后放化疗4例.2例喉典型类癌患者随访28、30个月未复发;3例喉不典型类癌患者,其中1例在随访至36个月时复发,再次手术后已随访30个月,未见局部复发及远处转移,另2例分别随访15、20个月,均未复发;3例喉小细胞神经内分泌癌患者,1例随访18个月仍存活,另2例分别于术后11及14个月死亡;喉副神经节瘤1例,随访32个月未复发.结论 喉神经内分泌癌诊断有赖于临床特点、组织病理学及免疫组化检查.本病并无统一治疗方案,不同病理亚型的治疗方法及预后不同,对恶性程度较高的亚型主张采取以手术为主的综合治疗方案.     

可视喉镜在喉咽异物取出术中的应用

目的探讨可视喉镜下取出难治性喉咽异物的可行性。方法回顾性分析我科2016年1月~2019年1月经电子喉镜或喉X线正侧位片诊断为喉咽异物的住院患者27例,所有患者在全麻可视喉镜下经喉显微钳顺利取出异物,其中异物位于梨状窝者12例,其中9例为鱼刺,3例为鸭骨头;位于环后区者15例,均为1元或5角硬币。结果所有患者术中暴露良好,经喉显微钳顺利取出异物,麻醉过程中无心血管事件发生,无喉咽黏膜损伤、门齿松动、伤口感染等并发症。结论可视喉镜能很好地暴露喉咽,配合合适的喉显微器械能够顺利取出喉咽异物,安全可行,具有一定的创新性和独特的优势。