重度髋骨关节炎初次全髋关节置换术中的髋臼侧假体定位

目的:探讨联合应用骨性标志及软组织标志相结合的方法,作为重度髋骨关节炎患者在初次全髋关节置换术中髋臼侧假体定位参考依据的临床效果及其技术操作要点。方法:对31例重度髋骨关节炎患者行初次全髋关节置换术,术中采用骨性标志与软组织标志相结合的方法进行髋臼侧假体定位,术后测量髋臼假体的外展角及前倾角;随访6~39个月,平均(22.0±1.7)个月,观察髋关节脱位发生率及Harris评分改变情况。结果:术后1周测量髋臼假体外展角为42.52°±4.00°,前倾角为15.34°±3.29°;术后随访期间无一例发生脱位;Harris评分由术前的平均(39.6±7.1)分改善至终末随访时的平均(89.0±5.5)分。结论:骨性标志与软组织标志相结合的方法,是重度髋骨关节炎患者进行初次全髋关节置换术时定位髋臼侧假体的有效方法,能够保证髋臼侧假体安放于"安全区域",运用该方法能够提高髋臼假体定位成功率。     

3D打印导板在发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的：探讨3D打印导板在发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换中的应用价值。方法：回顾分析2016年2月至2018年5月行全髋关节置换术的发育性髋关节发育不良患者25例,男4例,女21例;年龄40~75岁;CroweⅡ型5例,Crowe Ⅲ型14例,Crowe Ⅳ型6例。应用3D打印术中导板组12例,传统全髋关节置换术13例,两组均为同一手术组医师完成。比较两组手术时间、术中出血、术后引流及术后6个月Harris评分,患侧和健侧髋臼外展角、前倾角,旋转中心至坐骨结节连线垂直距离。结果：25例获得随访,随访时间12~26个月,3D打印导板组相对传统手术组手术时间短、术中术后出血量少、术后6个月Harris评分高（P<0.05）。3D打印导板组臼杯位置（旋转中心距坐骨结节连线距离、前倾角、外展角）与健侧髋臼相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;传统手术组患侧旋转中心距坐骨结节连线距离、前倾角与健侧相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,外展角差异无统计学意义（P=0.487）,两组均无术后感染和假体松动。。结论：3D打印术中导板技术对于发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术是一种个体化、精准化,有应用前景的技术。     

计算机导航系统辅助下全髋关节表面置换的初步经验

目的 初步评估计算机辅助下行全髋关节表面置换的手术方法及假体植入的精确性.方法 对40例患者分成导航组(20例)和对照组(20例),分别采用计算机导航系统辅助和标准常规技术完成全髋关节表面置换术.比较两组手术时间、术中失血量、Harris髋关节评分(HHS),以及髋臼杯外展角和前倾角的偏移度及股骨假体柄干角和前倾角的偏移度.结果 手术时间导航组较对照组长38.7min(P＜0.05),术中平均出血量导航组较对照组多109.4 ml(P＜0.05).随访平均14.5个月,HHS评分两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对照组髋臼杯外展角偏移度(7.3°±4.3°)大于导航组(1.9°±1.3°)(P＜0.05),对照组髋臼杯前倾角偏移度(3.9°±2.3°)大于导航组(2.4°±1.5°)(P＜0.05).导航组股骨假体柄干角偏移度(1.5°±1.0°)小于对照组(11.3°±1.3°)(P＜0.05),导航组股骨假体前倾角偏移度(1.8°±2.3°)小于对照组(6.5°±5.3°)(P＜0.05).结论 计算机导航系统辅助下行全髋关节表面置换术可以提高假体植入的精确性,避免股骨颈皮质骨切迹,降低股骨颈骨折的风险.     

不同手术入路髋臼假体放置角度差异对疗效的影响

目的 探讨前外侧入路和后外侧入路行全髋关节置换术时髋臼假体放置角度差异对疗效的影响.方法 对2006年1月至2011年12月67例行初次单侧全髋关节置换术患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,根据手术入路不同分为前外侧入路组(31例)和后外侧入路组(36例),两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),具有可比性.术中测量髋臼假体安放时的前倾角、外展角,比较两组患者术中髋关节中立位的最大髋关节屈曲角和后伸角,以及术后髋关节Harris评分和脱位发生率.结果 前外侧入路组术中髋臼假体放置的前倾角为8°～ 20°,外展角为30°～40°;后外侧入路组中髋臼假体放置的前倾角为15°～30°,外展角为35°～45°.两组患者的髋关节平均最大屈曲角(110°±11°比100°±10°)和最大后伸角(15°±4°比25°±6°)差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).所有患者术后获12～18个月(平均15.6个月)随访,两组患者的术后Harris评分[(89±11)分比(88±12)分]和髋关节脱位发生率[3.2％(1/31)比5.5％(2/36)]差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 不同手术入路行全髋关节置换术时对髋臼假体前倾角的放置有不同要求,前外侧入路中髋臼假体的前倾角应当比后外侧入路中髋臼假体的前倾角小;髋臼假体放置角度差异对疗效无显著影响.     

全髋关节置换假体位置对术后关节功能的影响观察

目的探讨全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)术后假体位置参数对关节功能恢复的影响。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2014年6月在我院行THA治疗的246例患者的临床资料。测量假体位置参数,包括:髋臼外展角、前倾角、髋臼旋转中心及股骨偏心距。观察随访3年时Harris评分情况。采用等距分组法将假体位置参数进行分组,对比不同组间Harris评分及优良率。结果 THA术后脱位率为1.22%(3/246);髋臼外展角重建在35°~55°者185例,占75.2%;髋臼前倾角重建在5°~25°者174例,占70.7%;术侧髋臼旋转中心位置及偏心距与健侧比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。平均随访时间为(18.32±6.57)个月,末次随访时的平均Harris评分为(90.76±8.45)分,优良率为88.6%(218/246)。髋臼前倾角和髋臼旋转中心水平位置不同组间的Harris评分及优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);髋臼外展角、髋臼旋转中心垂直位置及股骨偏心距不同组间的Hariis评分比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 THA手术髋臼外展角重建不宜大于55°;髋臼旋转中心垂直位置重建向上不宜大于健侧50%;股骨头偏心距重建增大不宜大于健侧20%,超过以上范围,术后髋关节功能恢复会受到影响;而髋臼外展角重建小于35°和股骨头偏心距缩小大于健侧20%有可能会影响关节功能恢复。     

髋关节骨性关节炎及髋臼发育不良对髋关节表面置换术中髋臼安装角度的影响

[目的]研究全髋关节表面置换术中,单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良对髋臼安装角度的影响及两组病例疗效比较。[方法]自2006～2009年,本科共实施全髋表面关节置换术20例23髋,病因包括单纯骨性关节炎10髋及髋关节发育不良13髋。手术假体均采用金属对金属大直径表面置换假体,股骨侧骨水泥固定,髋臼侧生物型固定。[结果]所有患者均获得近期随访(6个月～3年),随访包括临床评估和放射学评估。两组患者术前术后Harris评分均无明显统计学差异。无一发生术后脱位、股骨颈骨折等并发症。其中单纯骨性关节炎患者术后臼杯外展角25.6°～56.0°(平均43.9°±9.9°),平均髋臼覆盖率达95.8%。髋臼发育不良患者术后臼杯外展角22.4°～69.3°(平均46.8°±12.9°),髋臼覆盖率达84.3%。[结论]金属对金属大直径表面置换假体在治疗单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良早期临床疗效并无明显统计学差异。但是髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术中,髋臼假体外展角离散度要明显高于单纯骨性关节炎组,其髋臼杯假体外展角度控制要难于单纯骨性关节炎。     

全髋关节置换术中骨盆旋转对髋臼假体角度的影响

目的研究骨盆旋转对髋臼假体实际角度的影响,探讨髋臼安全区范围内可以接受的骨盆旋转角度。方法建立骨盆三维模型,确定冠状面、矢状面及髋臼轴,假设髋臼假体外展45°,前倾15°,简化成坐标图,运用解析几何原理,推导出骨盆旋转角度与实际髋臼外展角、前倾角关系的函数公式,运用函数公式计算骨盆旋转角度与实际外展角、前倾角变化趋势,在保持安全区范围内的可以接受的骨盆旋转角度。结果在假设髋臼假体外展角45°、前倾角15°不变的情况下,骨盆每前旋转5°,髋臼外展角增加0.24°~1.64°,前倾角减少3.70°~3.69°,骨盆每后旋转5°,髋臼外展角减少2.00°~3.47°,前倾角增加2.61°~3.62°。随着骨盆的前旋转,其实际外展角呈增大趋势,实际前倾角呈减小趋势;随着骨盆的后旋转,其实际外展角呈减小趋势,实际前倾角呈增大趋势,两者之间呈函数关系。如果骨盆旋转在+13.43°~-14.05°范围内,髋臼假体角度理论上保持在"安全区"范围内。结论全髋关节置换术中骨盆旋转对髋臼假体外展角、前倾角均有影响,其中对前倾角的影响更显著。骨盆在旋转+13.43°~-14.05°时,髋臼假体角度理论上仍在"安全区"范围内。     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直髋臼解剖旋转中心重建

目的探讨继发于强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直患者进行全髋关节置换术中髋关节旋转中心重建的方法及效果。方法对2014年1月至2019年12月间接受全髋关节置换术的15例(共25髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者进行回顾性研究分析,其中男12例,女3例,年龄28～47岁,平均(36.13±6.97)岁,所有病例均行人工全髋关节置换术。采用外侧入路经股骨头直接磨挫显露髋臼,参考泪滴结构制作髋臼、重建髋关节旋转中心,术后应用Pierchon法评估假体位置及旋转中心,比较分析术前术后髋关节Harris功能评分。结果所有髋关节均采用生物型全髋关节假体,手术时间65～90 min,出血量300～500 mL,无感染、神经血管损伤病例,外展角为(40.9±3.09)°,髋关节解剖旋转中心垂直距离及水平距离分别为(17.92±1.42)mm和(37.42±1.47)mm,髋关节重建旋转中心垂直距离为(18.95±1.47)mm,水平距离为(33.61±2.37)mm,髋关节位置良好。本组患者均获得随访,随访时间6～68个月,平均(32.87±21.17)个月。术前HSS评分平均为(45.04±10.43)分,末次随访时为(88.4±2.67)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。随访期间未发生假体松动、脱位。结论继发于强直性脊柱炎髋关节骨性强直经外侧入路行人工全髋关节置换术,通过直接磨挫股骨头能够显露髋臼,并参考泪滴解剖结构制作髋臼,重建旋转中心接近解剖旋转中心,髋关节功能显著改善,但手术技术要求高。     

CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型髋关节发育不良继发重度骨关节炎髋臼解剖旋转中心重建方法及效果

目的探讨在全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型髋关节发育不良(DDH)继发重度骨关节炎(OA)中准确去除髋臼骨赘及重建人工髋臼解剖旋转中心的方法与效果。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2013年6月,上海交通大学第九人民医院骨科应用人工全髋关节置换术治疗的31例(36髋)CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型DDH继发重度OA炎患者。病例纳入标准:CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型成人DDH继发终末期OA(TonnisⅣ型),髋关节疼痛影响正常生活方式或工作;排除标准:患侧髋关节有感染史、骨折史及手术史,下肢有感觉障碍及肌力异常。CroweⅡ型25髋,CroweⅢ型11髋。术前应用平片、CT等影像学方法评估髋臼形态及髋臼缘骨赘部位与骨赘量,术中以坐骨结节作为真实髋臼后壁高度的参考标志,准确切除髋臼后缘增生骨赘,以卵圆窝为参考标志确定真臼位置及深度重建臼杯,最后以臼杯前缘为标志切除髋臼前缘残留骨赘。所有患者均应用生物型臼杯,臼杯直径为44~52 mm。术前、术后对术侧髋关节进行Harris髋关节评分(HHS),术后测量假体旋转中心的垂直与水平距离及外展角。SPSS 13.0统计学软件包处理数据,计量资料应用t检验,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果所有患者均未发生血管、神经损伤及髋臼骨折,旋转中心垂直距离、水平距离分别为(22.5±3.2)mm及(29.4±2.6)mm,与解剖旋转中心符合率为86.11%,外展角为(44.3±3.2)°。随访期间未发生髋关节脱位、假体松动、感染等并发症。Harris髋关节评分(HHS)由术前(38±9)分(25~55分)升至术后末次随访(94±3)分(89~100分),差异有统计学意义(t=35.95,P0.05)。结论CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型DDH继发重度OA的髋臼形态发生明显改变,术前应用CT充分评估髋臼形态,术中准确切除骨赘,以卵圆窝为参考标志重建髋臼旋转中心接近解剖旋转中心,可达到满意的临床效果。     

全髋关节置换术中的髋臼外展角和磨损的关系

目的研究人工全髋关节置换术中的髋臼外展角与磨损的关系,及其对人工全髋关节稳定性的影响。方法对30例32髋进行平均4.2年的随访。测量髋臼杯的外展角,并通过测量在随访期间股骨头中心相对于髋臼中心的矢量位移,来确定关节面磨损的大小和方向,并进行统计学分析。结果最近随访时,30例患者的32个髋关节假体均未发现临床松动和失败征象,假体柄轴线与股骨纵轴成角均在3°以内。聚乙烯平均线性磨损量为0.81mm,磨损速度为0.18mm/年,髋臼外展角平均54.5°。磨损方向平均为?6.93°,指向上方稍偏外侧。线性回归分析显示磨损方向与髋臼假体外展角度存在负相关关系。随着外展角度的增加,磨损方向由内上方转为外上方,外展角55°以上的假体磨损方向基本指向外上方。未发现线性磨损速度与外展角及磨损方向之间的相关关系。结论过大的外展角使股骨头中心向外上方迁移,可能会造成应力分布不均和假体磨损增加,因此临床上应该避免髋臼假体植入的外展角超过55°,以维持髋关节的活动度和稳定性。     

大直径股骨头金属对金属全髋关节置换术的近期临床疗效

目的 评价大直径股骨头(大头)金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾病的近期疗效,回顾性分析影响该类全髋关节置换术临床疗效的因素.方法 对2007年10月至12月,采用大头金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾病患者41例(49髋)进行术后随访.临床评估以Harris评分为标准,记录患髋的活动范围及并发症发生情况.影像学评估根据随访骨盆X线片及患髋正、侧位X线片,测量髋臼外展角、前倾角,记录髋臼和股骨假体周围透亮线和骨溶解情况.结果 截至随访终点,共39例(47髋)获得2年以上随访,平均随访25个月,随访率为95.1%.Harris评分由术前的(43.8±13.1)分提高到末次随访时的(92.0±5.4)分.患髋活动度较术前明显改善,术后3个月屈髋由79.8°增加至110.2°,外展由20.9°增加至38.3°,外旋由12.0°增加至26.0°;术后2年屈髋平均可达113.2°,外展可达40.2°,外旋可达30.8°.术后患者轻度跛行3例,大腿不适2例,所有患者均无感染、假体周围骨折、术后假体松动或脱位、术后异位骨化发生.X线片显示:关节假体位置正常,髋臼假体外展角为39.5°±4.9°,前倾角为14.5°±2.1°,髋臼未见松动、移位.术后均未发现透亮线和假体周围骨溶解.结论 大头金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病具有良好的近期疗效,特别适用于活动量大、预期寿命较长的年轻患者.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head.Methods From October 2007 to December 2007,41 patients (49 hips) underwent large diameter femoral head metal-on-metal THA in our hospital were involved in this study.Clinical outcomes measures were Harris score,hip range of motion and incidence of complications.Abduction angle and anteversion angle of cup were measured on radiological films.The radiolucent line and osteolysis around the prosthesis were also recorded.Results Thirty-nine patients (47 hips) were followed up at least 2 years.The average Harris hip score had improved from (43.8±13.1) points preoperatively to (92.0±5.4) points at final follow-up.All the patients had attained satisfactory results.No late complication happened.For the rang of motion at final follow-up:flexion of the hip had improved from 79.8° to 113.2°,abduction had improved from 20.9° to 40.2°,external rotation had improved from 12.0° to 30.8°.Radiological measurement showed the mean abduction angle of cup was 39.5°±4.9°,the mean anteversion angle of cup was 14.5°±2.1°.No radiolucent line and osteolysis were found after THA.Conclusion The short-term effects of THA using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head is encouraging,especially for young patients.     

3D技术辅助钽金属块植入修复严重髋臼骨缺损的早期疗效

目的探讨髋关节翻修术中应用3D技术辅助植入钽金属块治疗PaproskyⅢ型髋臼骨缺损的早期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年5月至2017年7月收治的伴有PaproskyⅢ型髋臼骨缺损的髋关节翻修术16例(18髋),男11例,女5例;年龄(58.06±8.29)岁(范围44~69岁)。感染性松动3髋,无菌性松动15髋;PaproskyⅢA型骨缺损13髋,ⅢB型骨缺损5髋。术前使用3D技术进行精确规划,术中应用钽金属块和臼杯修复髋臼骨缺损。测量并比较手术前后髋关节臼杯的前倾角、外展角、患侧与对侧旋转中心垂直距离比值、旋转中心水平距离比值、股骨偏心距比值的差异,比较手术前后臼杯位于Lewinnek安全区内的比例,观察术后髋关节影像学松动的表现。采用Harris髋关节评分评价术后6个月及末次随访时的髋关节功能。结果臼杯位于lewinnek安全区内的比例由术前的22%(4/18)提高至术后的61%(11/18),差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。术后患侧髋臼前倾角为11.99°±6.91°(范围1.71°~26.36°),外展角为44.91°±5.93°(范围35.6°~56.0°);患侧与对侧旋转中心垂直距离比值为1.10±0.20(范围0.87~1.62)、水平距离比值为1.00±0.18(范围0.69~1.46)、股骨偏心距比值为1.01±0.66(范围0.51~3.56)。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间为(27.72±12.18)个月(范围14~53个月)。术后6个月Harris髋关节评分为(77.28±4.80)分(范围65~85分),末次随访时为(80.9±5.2)分(范围69~89分)。随访期间所有患者均未出现假体周围感染、脱位及无菌性松动等并发症。结论3D技术辅助钽金属块植入修复严重髋臼骨缺损能够提高髋关节假体安放的准确性,术后早期假体稳定无松动,有利于髋关节功能的恢复。     

髋关节假体安装参数的计算机模拟研究

目的 研究不同颈干角股骨假体在前倾角变化时获得理想髋关节活动度所需要的髋臼安装参数.方法 建立人工全髋关节三维计算机模型,髋臼杯假体采用半球形,臼杯直径480mm,颈干角分别为127°、131°和135°.股骨假体前倾角变化范围为0°~30°,臼杯假体俯倾角变化范围为30°~60°、前倾角变化范围为0°~40°.每变化5°重复一次髋关节在6个方向(屈曲、后伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋)的活动,选出符合最佳髋关节活动度的假体安装参数.采用SAS 6.12统计学软件对数据进行分析.结果 颈干角分别为127°、131°和135°的假体,其最佳的臼杯俯倾角安装位置分别为45°、40°和35°;在活动满足后伸>40°、内收>50°、外展>50°、内旋>80°、外旋>40°的条件下,髋关节最大屈曲度分别为135.64°±3.45°、126.00°±3.57°和118.29°±3.29°;臼杯假体前倾角(Y)和股骨假体前倾角(X)的关系分别为Y+0.69×X=36.93°,Y+0.71×X=37.10°和Y+0.64×X=36.79°.结论 臼杯俯倾角最佳安装位置随着假体颈干角的变大而逐渐变小,髋关节在安全范围可以达到的最大屈髋度数随假体颈干角变大而逐渐减小,股骨假体前倾角度和臼杯前倾角度呈负相关.     

The effect of the orientation of the acetabular and femoral components on the range of motion of the hip at different head-neck ratios

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic impingement due to poor positioning can limit the range of motion of the hip after total hip arthroplasty. In this study, a computer model was used to determine the effects of the positions of the acetabular and femoral components and of varying head-neck ratios on impingement and range of motion. METHODS: A three-dimensional generic hip prosthesis with a hemispherical cup, a neck diameter of 12.25 millimeters, and a head size ranging from twenty-two to thirty-two millimeters was simulated on a computer. The maximum range of motion of the hip was measured, before the neck impinged on the liner of the cup, for acetabular abduction angles ranging from 35 to 55 degrees and acetabular and femoral anteversion ranging from 0 to 30 degrees. Stability of the hip was estimated as the maximum possible flexion coupled with 10 degrees of adduction and 10 degrees of internal rotation and also as the maximum possible extension coupled with 10 degrees of external rotation. The effects of prosthetic orientation on activities of daily living were analyzed as well. RESULTS: Acetabular abduction angles of less than 45 degrees decreased flexion and abduction of the hip, whereas higher angles decreased adduction and rotation. Femoral and acetabular anteversion increased flexion but decreased extension. Acetabular abduction angles of between 45 and 55 degrees permitted a better overall range of motion and stability when combined with appropriate acetabular and femoral anteversion. Lower head-neck ratios decreased the range of motion that was possible without prosthetic impingement. The addition of a modular sleeve that increased the diameter of the femoral neck by two millimeters decreased the range of motion by 1.5 to 8.5 degrees, depending on the direction of motion that was studied. CONCLUSIONS: There is a complex interplay between the angles of orientation of the femoral and acetabular components. Acetabular abduction angles between 45 and 55 degrees, when combined with appropriate acetabular and femoral anteversion, resulted in a maximum overall range of motion and stability with respect to prosthetic impingement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: During total hip arthroplasty, acetabular abduction is often constrained by available bone coverage, while femoral anteversion may be dictated by the geometry of the femoral shaft. For each combination of acetabular abduction and femoral anteversion, there is an optimum range of acetabular anteversion that allows the potential for a maximum range of motion without prosthetic impingement after total hip arthroplasty. These data can be used intraoperatively to determine optimum position.     

髋臼重建治疗Crowe Ⅲ型髋臼发育不良

目的 探讨髋臼重建治疗Crowe Ⅲ型髋臼发育不良的手术方法及疗效.方法 2001年1月至2007年6月43例(54髋)Crowe Ⅲ型髋臼发育不良继发骨关节炎患者接受全髋关节置换术治疗.术前Harris评分平均39分.髋臼重建方法包括单纯加深或穿透髋臼(A组)27例(34髋)、髋臼内壁截骨(B组)12例(15髋)、髋臼自体股骨头植骨(C组)4例(5髋).分别记录每种重建方法的手术时间、出血量、并发症.术后随访进行放射学及临床疗效评估.结果 40例(50髋)患者获得完整随访,随访时间平均29个月.在术后3～5个月随访时截骨和植骨已愈合.摄x线片测量A、B、C组重建方式的髋臼外倾角分别为(41.0±7.5)°,(46.0 ±7.7)°,(39.0±11.0)°;前倾角分别为(10.0±2.8)°,(9.0±2.5)°,(4.0±1.9)°;旋转中心上移分别为(8.4±3.6)mm,(7.3 ±2.6)mm,(1.2±0.5)mm;旋转中心内移分别为(7.0±1.5)mm,(9.9 ±1.7)mm,(-2.7 ±1.2)mm.A、B、C组末次随访平均Harris评分分别为B9、91、86分.随访患者中2例发生下肢深静脉血栓,2例可疑肺栓塞,4例坐骨神经麻痹.结论 单纯加深或穿透髋臼、髋臼内壁截骨、自体股骨头植骨是Crowe Ⅲ 型髋臼发育不良髋臼重建的有效方法.应根据术前评估、术中具体情况采用相应的重建方法.     

髋臼加盖技术行全髋关节置换术治疗发育性髋脱位

目的探讨髋臼加盖技术行生物型全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗发育性髋脱位(DDH)的临床疗效。方法采用髋臼加盖技术行生物型THA治疗30例DDH患者(30髋),观察手术前后双下肢长度差异、髋关节旋转中心高度和水平距离、移植骨块与髂骨融合时间,记录术后骨溶解、骨长入、臼杯松动情况,采用Harris髋关节评分(HHS)评价手术疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间24~60(38.8±16.9)个月。双下肢长度差异由术前11~55(25.3±17.2)mm下降到术后0~12(3.7±3.5)mm(P<0.001),髋关节旋转中心高度由术前35~65(46.1±16.7)mm下降到术后18~30(23.7±5.9)mm(P<0.001),髋关节旋转中心水平距离由术前35~55(42.8±8.9)mm下降到术后18~29(23.3±2.7)mm(P<0.001)。移植骨块与髂骨融合时间5~12(7.7±4.9)个月。HHS由术前39~65(41.8±14.8)分提高到末次随访时84~100(93.5±7.9)分(P<0.001)。至末次随访,无一例出现假体周围骨溶解,假体均获得骨长入固定。结论采用髋臼加盖技术行生物型THA治疗DDH,可获得满意临床疗效。     

Accuracy of computer-navigated total hip arthroplasty

Proper acetabular cup orientation is essential in total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a particular imageless computer navigation system in determining cup position. Thirty-nine computer-navigated total hip arthroplasty intraoperative measurements of cup abduction and anteversion were compared with those from follow-up radiographs. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, prevalence-adjusted positive value (PPV), and negative predictive value were calculated for both navigation and radiographs. Navigation measurements had high specificity and PPV when assessing cup abduction and anteversion (specificity >90%, PPV >94%). In contrast, the system was not very effective in detecting suboptimal cup position (sensitivity abduction, 50%; anteversion, 33%). Intraoperative navigation readings in the safe zone have high probability of indicating correct placement. However, confirmation of suboptimal cup position intraoperatively requires additional diagnostic methods.     

Computer-assisted cup placement techniques in total hip arthroplasty improve accuracy of placement

Malposition of the acetabular component during hip arthroplasty increases the occurrence of impingement, reduces range of motion, and increases the risk of dislocation and long-term wear. To prevent malpositioned hip implants, an increasing number of computer-assisted orthopaedic systems have been described, but their accuracy is not well established. The purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility and accuracy of conventional versus computer-assisted techniques for positioning the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty. Using a lateral approach, 150 cups were placed by 10 surgeons in 10 identical plastic pelvis models (freehand, with a mechanical guide, using computer assistance). Conditions for cup implantations were made to mimic the operating room situation. Preoperative planning was done from a computed tomography scan. The accuracy of cup abduction and anteversion was assessed with an electromagnetic system. Freehand placement revealed a mean accuracy of cup anteversion and abduction of 10 degrees and 3.5 degrees, respectively (maximum error, 35 degrees). With the cup positioner, these angles measured 8 degrees and 4 degrees (maximum error, 29.8 degrees), respectively, and using computer assistance, 1.5 degrees and 2.5 degrees degrees (maximum error, 8 degrees), respectively. Computer-assisted cup placement was an accurate and reproducible technique for total hip arthroplasty. It was more accurate than traditional methods of cup positioning.     

Compliant positioning of total hip components for optimal range of motion.

Impingement between femoral neck and endoprosthetic cup is one of the causes for dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Choosing a correct combined orientation of both components, the acetabular cup and femoral stem, in manual or computer-assisted implantation will yield a maximized, stable range of motion (ROM) and will reduce the risk for dislocation. A mathematical model of a THA was developed to determine the optimal combination of cup inclination, cup anteversion, and stem antetorsion for maximizing ROM and minimizing the risk for cup-neck impingement. Single and combined hip joint motions were tested. A radiographic definition was used for component orientation. Additional parameters, such as stem-neck (CCD) angle, head-neck ratio, and the design of the acetabular opening, were also considered. The model showed that a maximized and safe ROM requires compliant, well-defined combinations of cup inclination, cup anteversion, and stem antetorsion depending on the intended ROM. Radiographic cup anteversion and stem antetorsion were linearly correlated. Additional internal rotation reduced flexion, and additional external rotation reduced extension, abduction and adduction. The articulating hemispheric surface of acetabular cups should be oriented between 40 degrees and 45 degrees of radiographic inclination, between 20 degrees and 28 degrees of radiographic cup anteversion, and should be combined with stem antetorsion so that the sum of cup anteversion plus 0.7 times the stem antetorsion equals 37 degrees. Final component orientation must also consider cup containment, implant impingement with bone and soft tissue, and preoperative skeletal contractures or deformities to achieve the optimal compromise for each patient.     

髋臼假体角度与全髋关节置换术后脱位的关系

目的研究人工全髋关节置换术（THA）髋臼假体安装固定角度与术后髋关节脱位的关系。方法在X线片测量236例（248髋）THA术后的髋臼外展角和前倾角,将外展角设定为〈30°、30-50°、〉50°3组,前倾角设定为〈0°、0-25°、〉25°3组。分析以上2个因素与术后髋关节脱位的关系。结果脱位组外展角平均（39±11．88）°,非脱位组为（38．98±8．65）°,两组之间外展角差异无统计学意义（P=0．449）;脱位组前倾角平均（12．33±14．89）°,非脱位组为（13．21±11．52）°,两组之间前倾角差异无统计学意义（P=0．131）°外展角在〈30°、30-50°、〉50°不同范围的脱位率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,前倾角在〈0°、0～25°、〉25°不同范围内的脱位率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论髋臼假体外展角在14～58°范围内、前倾角在-15～350范围内与THA术后脱位之间不存在相关性。