国产乙型肝炎血源疫苗预防乙型肝炎病毒围产期母婴传播效果观察

用国产乙型肝炎血源疫苗免疫HBsAg阳性产妇之新生儿。结果:HBsAg抗原血症之婴儿减少到6.52%(3/4)与对照组66.66%(28/42)对比,保护率为90.22%。婴儿产生抗—HBs的阳性率93.48%(43/46)与对照组对比,差异显著。     

HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿乙肝疫苗免疫效果评价

目的 探讨HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿乙肝疫苗免疫的最佳时机.方法 将孕期检测HBsAg单阳性的母亲所产的健康婴儿65例,分为对照组和实验组,分别于出生后24 h内、3月龄时开始乙肝疫苗0,1,6月3针免疫,全程免疫后1、6、12、24个月时以RIA法检测抗-HBs滴度.结果 3月龄时开始免疫组全程免疫后1、6、12、24个月时抗-HBs滴度均高于出生后24 h内免疫组.结论 HBsAg单阳性的母亲所产的健康婴儿3月龄时开始乙肝疫苗免疫效果较好.     

1岁以下婴幼儿血清乙肝病毒血清标志物检测结果分析

目的 回顾性分析1周岁前婴幼儿血清乙肝病毒血清标志物检测结果及其特征.方法 以2019年1-11月在西安交通大学第二附属医院临床实验室检测乙肝病毒血清标志物(hepatitis B virus markers,HBV-M)的815例1岁以下婴幼儿和219例新生儿母亲为研究对象.将1岁以下内婴幼儿按月龄分为3组:7 ～1...     

A mass vaccination program in Taiwan against hepatitis B virus infection in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers

To combat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Taiwan, a mass immunoprophylaxis program was launched on July 1, 1984, aiming first at prevention of chronic HBV carriage from perinatal mother-to-infant infection. In the first 15-month period, 352,721 (78%) of 450,585 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); HBsAg was present in 62,359 (18%), with 50% of them categorized as highly infectious. Infants born to HBsAg-positive women were given 5 micrograms of a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine at ages 1, 5, and 9 weeks, with a booster at age 12 months. Infants of highly infectious carrier mothers received an additional 0.5 mL of hepatitis B immune globulin within 24 hours after birth. The coverage rate of the hepatitis B immune globulin was 77% in 27,375 infants born to highly infectious mothers, and that of the first, second, third, and the fourth doses of vaccine was 88%, 86%, 84%, and 71%, respectively, in infants of 55,620 carrier mothers. The reported untoward reactions to immunization were negligible. We conclude that a mass hepatitis B vaccination program is feasible in hyperendemic areas such as Taiwan; this should be a significant step toward the effective control of HBV infection in these areas.     

A six-year survey of immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBsAg carriers.

Although the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine is well documented, the duration of immunity of healthy infants after vaccination is unknown. 99 infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-carrier mothers were studied and found to have positive anti-HBs (titer: greater than or equal to 10 mIU/mL) after a first injection of vaccine at the ages of 1 to 6 years. The infants were randomly divided into four groups of recipients treated with the vaccine of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S.A. or that of the Beijing Biological Products Research Institute (BBPRI), BBPRI vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and placebo. The results showed that the protective efficacy dropped considerably after 5 years with NIAID vaccine, after 3 years with BBPRI vaccine and after 4 years with BBPRI vaccine plus HBIG. This suggests that a booster injection is needed 5 years after the first injection of NIAID vaccine, 3 years after BBPRI vaccine, and 4 years after BBPRI vaccine plus HBIG.

     

血清HBV—DNA的检测在乙肝疫苗阻断HBV母婴传播中的意义

对42例HBsAg 阳性产妇的婴儿用国产乙肝血源疫苗按0、1、6月注射。每次20μg,在6月龄时的结果:20例HBeAg和HBV—DNA阳性母亲所生婴儿接受免疫注射后,11例免疫失败(55％),9例HBeAg阳性、HBV—DNA阴性母亲所生婴儿仅1例免疫失败(11.2％),p<0.001。2例HBeAg阴性而HBV—DNA阳性母亲的婴儿免疫保护均告失败,11例HBsAg阳性,HBeAg及HBV—DNA均阴性母亲所生婴儿,免疫保护均成功。4例婴儿出生时矢状窦血HBV—DNA阳性,而HBsAg、HBeAg、抗—HBcIgM均阴性,提示HBV母婴传播,也可发生于分娩过程中。     

国产乙型肝炎疫苗和HBIG联合阻断乙型肝炎母婴传播效果研究

本文采用乙型肝炎疫苗和HBIG,经3种不同的联合免疫方案,对阻断乙型肝炎母婴传播的效果进行了研究。结果证明,3个组联合免疫后12个月的抗-HBs阳转率为75%～90%;抗-HBs平均浓度(mIU/ml)为32.55～42.93;阻断率为80.00%～93.3%。联合免疫的效果是满意的。     

HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫长期效果研究

目的： 探讨血源性乙型肝炎疫苗对乙型肝炎表面抗原（ ＨＢｓＡｇ） 阳性母亲的新生儿免疫持久性。方法：应用反向间接血凝反应（ ＲＰＨＡ） 法从１５００ 名孕妇中筛查出８２ 名ＨＢｓＡｇ ≥１∶６４ 的滴度阳性携带者的新生儿,分为疫苗组和对照组（ 人数比例为３∶１） 。疫苗组在新生儿出生２４ ｈ 内注射第１ 针,１ 月、６ 月龄分别注射第２ 针、３ 针乙肝疫苗,对照组按同样程序注射安慰剂。结果： 在第１３ 年时疫苗组抗 ＨＢｓ 阳性率仍高达５９３２ ％ （３５／５９） ;对照组１３ 年中有２３５３ ％ （４／１７） 受到自然感染后变为抗 ＨＢｓ 阳性,两组有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ００５） 。疫苗组的抗 ＨＢｓ阳性者中,抗 ＨＢｓＧＭＴ 峰值也在第１２ 个月,Ｓ／Ｎ 值为６８８４ ,到１３ 年时已下降到１７８２ ,相当于高峰的１／４ ,但仍明显高于对照组。除了出生时疫苗组与对照组ＨＢｓＡｇ 阳性率无明显差异外,疫苗组ＨＢｓＡｇ 阳性率一直明显低于对照组,在第１３ 年时疫苗组和对照组的ＨＢｓＡｇ 阳性率分别为６７７ ％ 、４７０６ ％ ,有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ００５） 。结论：ＨＢｓＡｇ 阳性母亲的新生儿进行乙型肝炎疫苗免疫１３ 年时,大部分仍有较好的?     

乙肝疫苗对HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿免疫效果长期研究

目的 :探讨血源性乙型肝炎疫苗 ,对HBsAg(乙型肝炎表面抗原 )阳性母亲所生新生儿的免疫持久性。方法 :应用RPHA法从 15 0 0名孕妇中筛查出 82名HBsAg≥ 1∶64的滴度阳性携带者的新生儿 ,按随机、双盲、设安慰剂的原则将研究对象分为疫苗组和对照组 (人数比例为 3 :1)。疫苗组在新生儿出生 2 4小时内注射第 1针 ,1月、6月龄分别注射第 2针、3针乙肝疫苗 ,对照组按同样程序注射安慰剂。结果 :在第 13年时疫苗组抗 -HBs阳性率仍高达 5 9.3 2 % (3 5 /5 9) ;对照组 13年中有 2 3 .5 3 % (4 /17)受到自然感染后变为HBsAb(乙型肝炎表面抗体 )阳性 ,疫苗组与对照组有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。疫苗组的HBsAb阳性者中 ,HBsAbGMT峰值也在第 12个月 ,S/N值为68.84,到 13年时已下降到 17.82 ,相当于高峰的 1/4 ,但仍明显高于对照组。除了出生时疫苗组与对照组HBsAg阳性率无明显差异外 ,疫苗组HBsAg阳性率一直明显低于对照组 ,在第 13年时疫苗组和对照组的HBsAg阳性率分别为 6.77%、47.0 6% ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿进行乙型肝炎疫苗免疫 13年时 ,大部分仍有较好的保护效果 ,发生HBsAg阳转者多发生于当初免疫失败和HBsAb滴度较低者中 ,对这一部分高危人群在适当时间应筛查HBsAb ,对     

A randomized control trial on interruption of HBV transmission in uterus

Objective To study the interruptive effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific immunolobulin (HBIG) before delivery in attempt to prevent intrauterine transmission of HBV.Methods Nine hundred and eighty HBsAg carrier pregnant women were randomly divided into HBIG group and control group. Each subject in the HBIG group received 200 IU or 400 IU of HBIG intramuscularly at 3, 2 and 1 month before delivery. The subjects in the control group did not receive any specific treatment. All newborn infants received 100 IU of HBIG intramascularty after venous blood samples were taken at birth and 2 weeks after birth, followed by 30 μg plasma-derived HB vaccine or 5 μg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine at 1, 2 and 7 months of age. Blood tests were performed for all the lying-in women and their neonates. Blood specimens were tested for HBsAg and HBeAg by enzyme immunoassay. All infants were followed up for 1 year.Results In the HBIG group, 491 neonates were born to 487 HBV carrier mothers; and in the control group, 496 neonates were born to 493 HBV carrier mothers. The rates of intrauterine transmission in the two groups were 14.3% and 5.7% respectively (χ2=20.280, P&lt;0.001), and the rates of chronic hepatitis B in the two groups were 2.2% and 7.3% respectively (χ2=13.696, P&lt;0.001). The high risk factors of intrauterine HBV infection included HBsAg HBeAg double positive and HBV DNA positive in the peripheral blood of pregnant women.Conclusion HBV infection in the uterus may be interrupted by injecting multiple intramuscular HBIG injections before delivery without causing any side-effects.     

母亲HBV不同感染状态母婴阻断效果评价

目的 评价母亲HBV不同感染状态乙肝病毒母婴阻断效果，探讨经济、高效乙肝母婴阻断方案。方法 利用血清流行病学方法进行调查和分析。结果 济宁市使用的3种母婴阻断方案，母亲HBsAg单阳儿童母婴阻断率为92．45％，母亲HB出和HBeAg双阳儿童母婴阻断率为89．72％，儿童抗-HBs阳性率为85．21％。189名母亲单纯HBs缸阳性的儿童3种阻断方案HBV母婴阻断率（χ^2=5．47，P〉0．05）和抗-HBs阳性率（χ^2=1．59，P〉0．05），无显著性差异。183名母亲HB出和HBeAg双阳性的儿童，3种阻断方案HBV母婴阻断率（χ^2=12．19，P〈0．005）和抗-HBs阳性率（χ^2=7．77，P〈0．05），差异有显著性。结论 济宁市目前母亲HBsAg阳性的儿童母婴阻断效果比较理想，今后要根据母亲HBV不同的感染状态，选择既经济又高效的母婴阻断方案。     

上海市浦东新区乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的发生率及其影响因素研究

目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）母婴传播情况及其影响因素,为乙肝防治工作提供依据。 方法 从上海市浦东新区4家医疗机构中招募445名HBV表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性产妇开展流行病学问卷调查,分别采集母亲外周血和新生儿脐带血检测乙肝血清学指标及HBV DNA滴度。新生儿脐带血HBsAg阳性与HBV DNA阳性者定义为新生儿HBV阳性。新生儿均按国家规定注射疫苗,对104名新生儿开展出生后随访到7月龄,采集血样进行乙肝血清学与HBV DNA滴度检测,7月龄婴儿HBsAg阳性定义为儿童HBV突破免疫感染。 结果 HBsAg阳性产妇所生新生儿HBV阳性率为8.0%。HBsAg和HBV e抗原（HBeAg）双阳性产妇的新生儿HBV阳性率高于HBsAg单阳性产妇的新生儿（26.7% vs 1.8%,P<0.05）;HBV DNA大于10⁶copies/mL产妇的新生儿HBV阳性率高于HBV DNA小于10⁶copies/mL产妇的新生儿（23.6% vs 2.3%,P<0.05）。产后7个月,婴儿突破免疫感染率为3.8%,其母亲均为HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性者。 结论 母体HBeAg阳性与HBV DNA高浓度是新生儿HBV阳性的主要危险因素,并可能导致新生儿免疫失败。     

HBsAg阳性母亲其婴幼儿联合阻断后无/低应答状态及加强免疫效果

目的评价HBsAg阳性母亲其婴幼儿联合阻断后无应答或低应答状态,了解乙肝疫苗加强免疫的干预效果。方法249例HBsAg阳性母亲其婴幼儿出生后予以联合免疫阻断,跟踪并测定出生后7～11个月、12～23个月、24～35个月、≥36个月的HBsAb水平,对其中50例无应答或低应答儿进行乙肝疫苗加强免疫接种,1个月后复查HBsAb水平。结果HBsAg阳性母亲其婴幼儿出生7个月后无应答和低应答的发生率为23．29％（58／249）;高应答儿出生12—23个月时无应答和低应答的发生率为37．50％（45／120）;持续高应答儿出生24—35个月时无应答和低应答率的发生率为48．14％（13／27）。给予乙肝疫苗加强免疫接种后,幼儿的HBsAb水平增高（P〈0．05）,加强免疫成功率为94％。性别及加强免疫接种时的年龄不影响加强免疫的效果（P〉0．05）。结论HBsAg阳性母亲其婴幼儿全程乙肝疫苗接种后存在无应答及低应答状态,给予乙肝疫苟加强免疫干预后多见高应答状态。     

福建省泉州市HBsAg阳性产妇所生新生儿免疫失败流行特征

目的 了解泉州市HBsAg阳性产妇所生儿童的乙肝免疫状况,评价本市乙肝母婴阻断方案的保护效果,并分析免疫失败的流行特征。方法 通过问卷调查,收集整理泉州市惠安、石狮两县HBsAg阳性产妇及其新生儿基本信息,在新生儿完成3针乙肝疫苗接种后1~2月,采集血标本并通过胶体金法检测HBsAg、抗HBs。结果 HBsAg阳性产妇所生儿童经乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）联合免疫后,其抗-HBs阳性率为93.1%,HBsAg阳性率为1.8%,免疫失败率为6.9%。新生儿乙肝免疫失败与HBsAg阳性产妇谷丙转氨酶（ALT）值和HBV-DNA值高低、产妇HBeAg阳性与否有关（P<0.05）,ALT、HBV-DNA值越高,免疫失败的概率越大,HBeAg阳性产妇所生新生儿免疫失败率高于HBeAg阴性;乙肝母婴阻断与HBsAg阳性产妇ALT值和HBV-DNA值高低有关（P<0.05）,ALT、HBV-DNA值越高,母婴阻断失败的概率越大。HBV-DNA≥10⁴ cps/mL HBsAg阳性产妇选择20 μg/mL乙肝疫苗和200 IU HBIG进行接种的率明显高于HBV-DNA<10⁴ cps/mL 产妇。结论 泉州市现行乙肝母婴阻断策略实施效果较好,建议HBeAg阳性且HBV DNA载量>6 log10 IU/mL的母亲在孕期进行干预治疗,以进一步减少免疫失败率,提高母婴阻断率。     

孕晚期注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的临床观察

目的：探讨HBsAg阳性和HBeAg阳性携带孕妇孕晚期应用乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白（HBIG）阻断乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）母婴传播的效果。方法：将孕妇分为双阳性组（A组）和单阳性组（B组）[HBsAg（＋）及HBeAg（＋）称为“双阳性”（A组）,HBsAg（＋）及HBeAg（-）称为“单阳性”（B组）];新生儿分为HBIG组和非HBIG组（对照组）;HBIG组孕妇孕28、32、36周各注射HBIG200IU（共3次,部分仅注射1～2次）,非HBIG组仅常规产检及监护;对两组新生儿0、6个月的静脉血作乙型肝炎两对半检测。结果：①A组孕妇的外周血HBV-DNA阳性率（76.92%）显著高于B组孕妇（8.55%）,P〈0.01;②A组孕妇所生HBIG组新生儿出生24h的HBsAg阳性率（10.64%）显著低于非HBIG组（33.33%）,P〈0.05;③A组孕妇所生HBIG组6月龄新生儿HBsAb阳转率（78.72%）明显高于非HBIG组（38.39%）,P〈0.01;B组孕妇所生HBIG组6月龄新生儿HBsAb阳转率（80.65%）高于非HBIG组（64.41%）,P〈0.05。结论：双阳性孕妇孕晚期应用HBIG可有效降低乙型肝炎宫内感染率;无论是双阳性还是单阳性孕妇,孕晚期应用HBIG可提高6月龄新生儿HBsAb阳转率。     

HBsAg阳性母亲所生婴儿全程接种乙肝疫苗免疫应答分析

目的：对HBsAg阳性母亲所生婴儿进行全程接种乙肝疫苗免疫应答进行分析。方法：观察对象为7月龄和1～6岁,每年静脉采血,观察两组免疫应答及乙肝免疫后不同年龄的HBsAb阳性率。结果：HBsAg阳性母亲所生婴儿全程接种乙肝疫苗经统计学分析,两组免疫应答有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：被动加主动免疫对乙肝病毒感染具有良好的保护效果和促进免疫应答反应。对乙肝免疫后不同年龄的HBsAb阳性率观察,随年龄增长HBsAb阳性率呈进行性下降,免疫后3～5年应加强免疫一次,这样将会起到更加持久、稳定的保护作用。     

HBV 宫内感染预测指标的探讨

 【目的】 探讨HBsAg阳性孕妇的新生儿乙肝联合免疫前的HBV-M和HBV DNA预测HBV宫内感染的实用价值&;#65377; 【方法】 对我院2006年6月至2008年2月间分娩的HBsAg阳性孕妇的420例婴儿,其中新生儿HBsAg或HBV DNA阳性为33例,HBsAg和HBV DNA双阳性共6例,对其满6月龄时进行随访,复查HBV-M以确诊HBV宫内感染&;#65377;【结果】 HBV宫内感染率为0.95%(4/420),新生儿HBsAg或HBV DNA阳性诊断HBV宫内感染的阳性似然比为14.3,而HBsAg和HBV DNA双阳性时诊断宫内感染的阳性似然比为208.3&;#65377; 【结论】 HBsAg阳性孕妇的新生儿乙肝联合免疫前的HBsAg和HBV DNA双阳性对HBV宫内感染具有较准确的预测作用,可以作为HBV宫内感染的初步临床诊断&;#65377;     

Effect of delivery mode on maternal- infant transmission of hepatitis B virus by immunoprophylaxis

Objective To study the effect of different delivery modes on immunoprophylaxis efficacy so as to clarify whether or not cesarean section reduces immunoprophylaxis failure. Methods Mothers with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were selected in the third trimester of pregnancy. Their babies were inoculated with hepatitis B immunoglobulin at birth and hepatitis B vaccine at 1, 2 and 7 months of age. HBsAg and its antibodies (anti- HBs) were tested at 1, 4, 7, and 12 months of age, then followed up yearly. Results A total of 301 babies entered the study, including 144 born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, 40 by obstetric forceps or vacuum extraction, and 117 by cesarean section. The incidence of mother’s HBeAg positivity or baby’s gender constitution was comparable between the three groups. There were no significant differences in the positive rate of anti- HBs or HBsAg at follow- up periods among the three groups. At 12 months of age, anti- HBs could be detected in 78. 9% of the babies born by normal vaginal delivery, 84. 6% of the babies by forceps or vacuum extraction, and 86. 4% of the babies by cesarean section. The positive rate of HBsAg was 8. 1%, 7. 7%, 9. 7%, and chronic HBV infection incidence was 7. 3%, 7. 7%, 6. 8% respectively. Conclusions There are no significant effects of delivery mode on the interruption of HBV maternal- baby transmission by immunoprophylaxis. Cesarean section does not reduce the incidence of immunoprophylaxis failure.     

联合应用HBIG与乙肝疫苗阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播

成都地区6305例孕妇HBsAg阳性率为3.60％(227/6305)。HBsAg阳性者中HBeAg阳性率为40.97％(93/227)。联合应用HBIG和乙肝疫苗对HBsAg、HBeAg均阳性母亲所生的49例婴儿作预防注射,12个月后,受试者抗-HBs阳性率为76.67％(23/30),18个月后,抗-HBs阳性率为95.45％(21/22),HBsAg均为阴性(0/49)。63例婴儿单用HBIG,12个月后,HBsAg和抗-HBs阳性率分别为5.88％(2/34)和85.29％(29/34),而对照组观察12个月后HBsAg阳性率为60％(15/25),说明用HBIG和乙肝疫苗联合阻断HBV母婴传播效果良好,值得推广应用。     

HBIG阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播

目的:评价HBsAg阳性母亲孕晚期肌注HBIG(乙肝免疫球蛋白)及婴儿出生后HBIG联合乙肝疫苗对HBV母婴传播及慢性化阻断的效果. 方法:历史对照组只对婴儿进行乙肝疫苗的全程免疫;HBIG组母亲孕晚期3 mo每月肌注200 u的HBIG;婴儿出生时、半月龄时分别肌注200 u的HBIG,并常规接种乙肝疫苗. 随访两组婴儿HBsAg变化情况,采用历史对照临床试验评价母亲及新生儿注射HBIG对HBV母婴传播及慢性化的阻断效果. 结果:历史对照组HBV宫内感染率5.34%,随访时婴儿HBsAg转阳率5.15%,HBV感染慢性化率87.5%;HBIG组分别为5.26%,0,18.18%. 经统计学检验,两组HBV宫内感染率无显著差异(P=1.000),但婴儿HBsAg转阳率及HBV感染慢性化率具有显著差异(P分别为0.019, 0.001). 结论:母亲孕晚期注射HBIG对阻断HBV宫内传播效果不明显;母亲及新生儿注射HBIG可显著提高乙肝疫苗对婴儿出生后HBsAg阳转及HBV感染慢性化的阻断效果.