缺血后处理与缺血预处理联合应用对长时程心肌缺血/复灌损伤的保护作用

目的:研究缺血后处理与缺血预处理联合应用对长时程缺血引起的缺血/复灌(I/R)损伤的改善作用及其作用机制。方法:采用离体大鼠心脏Langendorff灌流方法,全心停灌60 m in,复灌120 m in复制长时程心肌缺血的I/R模型,测定心室动力学指标和复灌各时间点冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量。实验结束测定心肌组织form azan含量的变化。结果:在长时程心肌缺血的I/R模型中,缺血后处理能提高心肌细胞的form azan含量,降低复灌期间冠脉流出液中LDH含量,但对心室血流动力学无明显改善。缺血后处理与缺血预处理联合应用不仅能提高心肌细胞的form azan含量,降低复灌期间冠脉流出液中LDH含量,而且能明显改善心室血流动力学各项指标。钙激活钾通道阻断剂pax illine减弱了两者联合应用的作用。结论:在大鼠离体心脏灌流模型上,缺血后处理与缺血预处理联合应用产生加强的心肌保护作用,其机制可能与激活钙激活钾通道的开放有关。     

线粒体钙激活及ATP敏感钾通道在肢体远距预处理心肌保护中的作用

目的 研究心肌细胞线粒体钙激活钾通道（MitoKCa）与线粒体ATP敏感钾通道(MitoKATP)在肢体远距预处理（RPC）心肌保护中的作用。方法 雄性SD大鼠72只,分为9组：单纯缺血复灌（I/R）组、RPC组、MitoKATP 开放剂（DZ）组、MitoKCa 开放剂NS1619组、MitoKCa 开放阻断剂RPC+paxilline组、MitoKATP 开放阻断剂RPC+5-HD (5 hydroxydeconate)组、RPC+NS1619+5 HD组、RPC+paxilline+DZ组和RPC+paxilline+5 HD组,每组8只。RPC模型用结扎大鼠股动脉5min,松开复灌5min,共4个循环的方法制备。各组I/R模型通过结扎离体心脏冠状动脉前降支30min,松开复灌120min进行制备。检测各组心脏血流动力学变化,TTC染色法测量心肌梗死面积,可见分光光度法检测冠脉流出液中LDH含量。结果 与I/R组相比,NS1619（10μmol/L）和DZ（50μmol/L）作用与远距预处理RPC组相似,改善复灌后心功能,减小心肌梗死面积,抑制了LDH释放(P<0.01),但与 RPC组相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。给予Paxilline（1μmol/L）或 5-HD (100μmol/L）,取消了RPC的心肌保护作用 (P<0.01)。阻断MitoKCa和MitoKATP中的一种通道,开放另一种通道仍可起到心肌保护作用,且与RPC组无明显差异(P＞0.05);同时给与两种通道的阻断剂,发现与单独阻断一种通道相比,心肌细胞损伤程度加大 (P<0.01)。 结论 心肌细胞线粒体钙激活钾通道MitoKCa和线粒体ATP敏感钾通道MitoKATP开放都参与了RPC的心肌保护作用,两者发挥作用的方式可能是相互独立的,但作用结果具有协同性。     

缺血后处理对心肌保护作用机制的研究进展

随着溶栓疗法、经皮腔内冠脉血管成形术、冠脉搭桥术等方法的临床应用,使缺血心肌能够重新获得血液供应,明显减轻了心肌缺血性损伤.然而随之带来的再灌注心律失常、心肌舒缩功能障碍、代谢异常及心肌超微结构的改变,即心肌的缺血再灌注损伤(reperfusion injury, RI),直接影响到患者的预后.     

远距缺血后处理对大鼠急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的影响

目的:探讨远距缺血后处理对大鼠急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的影响及其可能存在的机制。方法:将24只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为缺血/再灌注组和远距缺血后处理组。实验过程中监测心电图Ⅱ导联指标,再灌注结束后分别测定血浆乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)活性以及心肌梗死面积。应用RT-PCR技术检测心肌组织中Bax和Bcl-2 mRNA基因表达情况。结果:与缺血/再灌注组相比,远距缺血后处理组大鼠心律失常发生评分明显降低(P < 0.01),LDH及CK活性降低(P < 0.01),心肌梗死面积百分比减小(P < 0.05),大鼠心肌组织中Bcl-2/Bax比值升高(P < 0.05)。结论:远距缺血后处理对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抗细胞凋亡有关。     

缺血后处理对缺血/再灌注心肌保护作用的研究

缺血后处理是指在心肌再灌注之前进行数次短暂再灌注/缺血的循环,是近年提出的一种新的减轻缺血/再灌注损伤的方法。它具有同缺血预处理相似的心肌保护效应。后处理的这些保护作用可能和内源性活性物质如腺苷、一氧化氮和阿片肽增多、蛋白激酶的活化、线粒体的ATP敏感性钾通道开放和线粒体通透性转换孔道关闭有关。现就缺血后处理的发现、心肌保护机制和临床应用予以简要综述。     

肢体缺血预处理对心肌保护作用的研究进展

缺血预处理（ischemic preconditioning,IPC）对心肌的保护是迄今为止最强的内源性保护,1986年Murry等4次5min夹闭、5min开放狗冠状动脉的左旋支可以使心肌在随后40min延长缺血中得到保护,表现为心肌梗死面积较单纯缺血组下降75％,而局部血流量无明显变化,从而首次提出缺血预处理的概念——短暂缺血可以使心肌在后续的延长缺血中得到保护从而限制心肌梗死的范围。     

缺血后处理对心肌的保护研究进展

缺血后处理是近年提出的防治心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的新理论、新途径。它通过抑制线粒体膜通道孔的开放,激活再灌注损伤补救激酶系统,抑制氧自由基的暴发及抑制中性粒细胞的活化,减轻钙超载等,最大程度地减轻心肌细胞凋亡,缩小心肌的梗死面积,减少心律失常的发生,改善心功能等。因此,缺血后处理将在器官移植、血管成形及心脏外科手术中具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

线粒体钙单向转运体在缺血后处理中对心肌保护的作用

目的:探讨线粒体钙单向转运体是否参与心肌缺血后处理的保护作用.方法:离体雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠全心停灌30 min、复灌120 min,复制心肌缺血复灌(ischemia and reperfusion,I/R)损伤模型;测定左心室力学指标;分光光度法测定复灌期间各时点冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶(1actate dehydrogenase,LDH)含量,复灌结束后测定心肌formazan含量.结果:与I/R组相比,缺血后处理明显改善左心室动力学指标,使复灌期间冠脉流出液中LDH含量明显降低,formazan含量明显增高.与缺血后处理组相比,线粒体钙单向转运体开放剂精胺与后处理联合应用引起左心室作功、左心室内压最大上升和下降速率下降,冠脉流出液中LDH含量增高,formazan含量降低;而线粒体钙单向转运体阻断剂钌红与后处理联合应用,左心室动力学指标改善、LDH含量减少,但formazan含量无明显变化.结论:缺血后处理可通过阻滞线粒体钙单向转运体发挥心肌保护作用.     

药物性缺血后处理及远程缺血后处理心肌保护作用的研究进展及临床应用

近年来,关于缺血后处理心肌保护作用的研究不断深入,发展了药物性缺血后处理和远程缺血后处理的概念。药物性缺血后处理和远程缺血后处理均有明确的心肌保护效应,在防治心肌缺血/再灌注损伤过程中具有重要的作用和应用价值。而两者联合应用的心肌保护效应尚不十分明确。现回顾近年来国内外有关药物性缺血后处理和远程缺血后处理心肌保护的研究进展和应用。     

肢体缺血预处理对心肌的保护作用

目的：观察肢体缺血预处理（ＩＰＣ）对心脏缺血／再灌注（Ｉ／Ｒ）损伤的影响。方法：对家兔股以复短暂夹闭与开放进行ＩＰＣ,然后复制在体心脏Ｉ／Ｒ模型,观察肢体ＩＰＣ对于皇续长期Ｉ／Ｒ损伤所致心肌细胞乳酸氢酶（ＬＤＨ）漏出和心肌梗面积的影响,并与相应的心脏ＩＰＣ组时间比较。结果：肢体缺血预处理明显缩小民梗互面积,减少心肌组织乳酸脱氢酶漏出,与心脏ＩＰＣ组之间差异无统计学意义。结论：肢体缺血预处理对Ｉ／Ｒ     

联合应用缺血后处理、远隔缺血后处理和纳洛酮后处理对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价联合应用缺血后处理、远隔缺血后处理和纳洛酮后处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤的影响.方法 将110只大鼠随机分为5组(n=22),通过阻塞右侧大脑中动脉90 min和再灌注24 h实施局灶性脑缺血.再灌注.Ⅰ组为对照组;Ⅱ组为缺血后处理组,再灌注开始时实施3次30 s的缺血和再灌注;Ⅲ组为远隔缺血后处理组,再灌注开始前实施5 min的右侧股动脉缺血;Ⅳ组为纳洛酮后处理组,再灌注开始时腹腔注射纳洛酮10 mg/kg;Ⅴ组为联合应用组.再灌注2 h和24 h时测定大鼠的神经功能障碍评分(NDS);再灌注24 h时,测定脑梗死区面积(n=10)、脑组织微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)表达(n=6)和脑组织血浆容量、血管直径和节段长度(n=6).结果 观察期所有时间点的心率和平均动脉压(MAP)组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).再灌注24 h后,Ⅰ～Ⅴ组的缺血侧脑梗死面积与同侧大脑半球面积的比值(即脑梗死严重程度)分别是43%±6%、31%±4%、32%±5%、28%±6%和21%±7%.与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组的NDS和脑梗死严重程度均低(均P＜0.05),MAP2表达、血浆容量、血管直径和节段长度均高,但上述指标在Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅵ组之间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组比较,Ⅴ组的NDS评分和脑梗死程度均低(均P＜0.05),MAP2表达和血浆容量显著高(均P＜0.05),但是缺血侧脑组织的血管直径和节段长度在Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组Ⅵ组和Ⅴ组之问差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 在局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠,缺血后处理、远隔缺血后处理和纳洛酮后处理均具有明显的神经保护作用,表现为脑梗死严重程度降低和神经功能障碍改善.联合应用3种后处理措施可获得增强的神经保护效应.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the effects of ischemic postconditioning, remote ischemic postconditioning and naloxone postconditioning on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods A total of 110 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =22 each). The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by a 90-minute occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and a 24-hour reperfusion sequentially. Group 1 was of ischemia-reperfusion control; Group 2 ischemic postconditioning induced by three 30-second cycles of MCA occlusion followed by a 30-second reperfusion; Group 3 remote ischemic postconditioning performed via a transient occlusion of right femoralartery at 5 min before the initiatlon of reperfusion:Group 4 naloxone posteonditioning with naloxone 10 mg/kg intraperitoneaUy injected at the initiation of reperfusion;Group 5 combined ischemic,remote ischernic & naloxone postconditioning performed simultaneously in accordance with the methods used in Groups 2,3 & 4.The neumlogie deftcit scores(NDS)were obtained at 2 h & 24 h post-reperfusion.At 24 h post-reperfusion.the anesthetized rat was sacrificed by decapitation and the brain rapidly extracted to asseSS the size ofcerebral infaret(n=10),detect the cerebral expression of microtubule-associated protein2(MAP2)(n=6),measure the plasma volume of cerebral tissues and quantify the diameter and segment artery at 5 min before the initiation of reperfusion; Group 4 naloxone postconditioning with naloxone 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally injected at the initiation of reperfusion; Group 5 combined ischemic, remote ischemic & naloxone postconditioning performed simultaneously in accordance with the methods used in Groups 2, 3 & 4. The neurologic deficit scores ( NDS) were obtained at 2 h & 24 h post-reperfusion. At 24 h post-reperfusion, the anesthetized rat was sacrificed by decapitation and the brain rapidly extracted to assess the size of cerebral infarct (n = 10), detect the cerebral expression of microtubule-associated protein2 ( MAP2) (n =6) , measure the plasma volume of cerebral tissues and quantify the diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel (n = 6 ). Results There were no significant differences in the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) among the above five groups at all observed time points (P ＞ 0. 05). At 24 h post-reperfusion, the percentage of ischemic cerebral infarct size was 43% ±6% , 31% ±4% , 32% ±5% , 28% ±6% & 21% ±7% in ipsilateral hemisphere area (i. e. , cerebral infarct severity)in Groups 1-5 respectively. Compared with Group 1, the levels of NDS and cerebral infarct severity significantly decreased at ischemic side in Groups 2-5 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). And the cerebral expression of MAP2,plasma volume of cerebral tissues, diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel significantly increased at the ischemic side (all P＜0. 05). However, there were no significant differences in the abovementioned parameters at ischemic side among Groups 2, 3 and 4 (all P ＞0. 05). The parameters of NDS,cerebral infarct severity, cerebral expression of MAP2 and plasma volume of cerebral tissues in the ischemic side significantly increased in Group 5 compared with Groups 1,2,3 and 4 (all P ＜ 0. 05). The diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel at ischemic side were not different among Groups 2,3,4 and 5 (all P＞0. 05). Conclusion In focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, ischemic, remote ischemic and naloxone postconditioning may produce significant neuroprotective effects of reduced cerebral infarct severity and improved neurologic dysfunctions. A combination of three postconditioning approaches enhances the above neuroprotective effects.     

联合应用缺血后处理、远隔缺血后处理和纳洛酮后处理对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To assess the effects of ischemic postconditioning, remote ischemic postconditioning and naloxone postconditioning on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods A total of 110 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =22 each). The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by a 90-minute occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and a 24-hour reperfusion sequentially. Group 1 was of ischemia-reperfusion control; Group 2 ischemic postconditioning induced by three 30-second cycles of MCA occlusion followed by a 30-second reperfusion; Group 3 remote ischemic postconditioning performed via a transient occlusion of right femoralartery at 5 min before the initiatlon of reperfusion:Group 4 naloxone posteonditioning with naloxone 10 mg/kg intraperitoneaUy injected at the initiation of reperfusion;Group 5 combined ischemic,remote ischernic & naloxone postconditioning performed simultaneously in accordance with the methods used in Groups 2,3 & 4.The neumlogie deftcit scores(NDS)were obtained at 2 h & 24 h post-reperfusion.At 24 h post-reperfusion.the anesthetized rat was sacrificed by decapitation and the brain rapidly extracted to asseSS the size ofcerebral infaret(n=10),detect the cerebral expression of microtubule-associated protein2(MAP2)(n=6),measure the plasma volume of cerebral tissues and quantify the diameter and segment artery at 5 min before the initiation of reperfusion; Group 4 naloxone postconditioning with naloxone 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally injected at the initiation of reperfusion; Group 5 combined ischemic, remote ischemic & naloxone postconditioning performed simultaneously in accordance with the methods used in Groups 2, 3 & 4. The neurologic deficit scores ( NDS) were obtained at 2 h & 24 h post-reperfusion. At 24 h post-reperfusion, the anesthetized rat was sacrificed by decapitation and the brain rapidly extracted to assess the size of cerebral infarct (n = 10), detect the cerebral expression of microtubule-associated protein2 ( MAP2) (n =6) , measure the plasma volume of cerebral tissues and quantify the diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel (n = 6 ). Results There were no significant differences in the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) among the above five groups at all observed time points (P ＞ 0. 05). At 24 h post-reperfusion, the percentage of ischemic cerebral infarct size was 43% ±6% , 31% ±4% , 32% ±5% , 28% ±6% & 21% ±7% in ipsilateral hemisphere area (i. e. , cerebral infarct severity)in Groups 1-5 respectively. Compared with Group 1, the levels of NDS and cerebral infarct severity significantly decreased at ischemic side in Groups 2-5 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). And the cerebral expression of MAP2,plasma volume of cerebral tissues, diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel significantly increased at the ischemic side (all P＜0. 05). However, there were no significant differences in the abovementioned parameters at ischemic side among Groups 2, 3 and 4 (all P ＞0. 05). The parameters of NDS,cerebral infarct severity, cerebral expression of MAP2 and plasma volume of cerebral tissues in the ischemic side significantly increased in Group 5 compared with Groups 1,2,3 and 4 (all P ＜ 0. 05). The diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel at ischemic side were not different among Groups 2,3,4 and 5 (all P＞0. 05). Conclusion In focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, ischemic, remote ischemic and naloxone postconditioning may produce significant neuroprotective effects of reduced cerebral infarct severity and improved neurologic dysfunctions. A combination of three postconditioning approaches enhances the above neuroprotective effects.     

联合应用缺血后处理、远隔缺血后处理和纳洛酮后处理对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To assess the effects of ischemic postconditioning, remote ischemic postconditioning and naloxone postconditioning on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods A total of 110 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =22 each). The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by a 90-minute occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and a 24-hour reperfusion sequentially. Group 1 was of ischemia-reperfusion control; Group 2 ischemic postconditioning induced by three 30-second cycles of MCA occlusion followed by a 30-second reperfusion; Group 3 remote ischemic postconditioning performed via a transient occlusion of right femoralartery at 5 min before the initiatlon of reperfusion:Group 4 naloxone posteonditioning with naloxone 10 mg/kg intraperitoneaUy injected at the initiation of reperfusion;Group 5 combined ischemic,remote ischernic & naloxone postconditioning performed simultaneously in accordance with the methods used in Groups 2,3 & 4.The neumlogie deftcit scores(NDS)were obtained at 2 h & 24 h post-reperfusion.At 24 h post-reperfusion.the anesthetized rat was sacrificed by decapitation and the brain rapidly extracted to asseSS the size ofcerebral infaret(n=10),detect the cerebral expression of microtubule-associated protein2(MAP2)(n=6),measure the plasma volume of cerebral tissues and quantify the diameter and segment artery at 5 min before the initiation of reperfusion; Group 4 naloxone postconditioning with naloxone 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally injected at the initiation of reperfusion; Group 5 combined ischemic, remote ischemic & naloxone postconditioning performed simultaneously in accordance with the methods used in Groups 2, 3 & 4. The neurologic deficit scores ( NDS) were obtained at 2 h & 24 h post-reperfusion. At 24 h post-reperfusion, the anesthetized rat was sacrificed by decapitation and the brain rapidly extracted to assess the size of cerebral infarct (n = 10), detect the cerebral expression of microtubule-associated protein2 ( MAP2) (n =6) , measure the plasma volume of cerebral tissues and quantify the diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel (n = 6 ). Results There were no significant differences in the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) among the above five groups at all observed time points (P ＞ 0. 05). At 24 h post-reperfusion, the percentage of ischemic cerebral infarct size was 43% ±6% , 31% ±4% , 32% ±5% , 28% ±6% & 21% ±7% in ipsilateral hemisphere area (i. e. , cerebral infarct severity)in Groups 1-5 respectively. Compared with Group 1, the levels of NDS and cerebral infarct severity significantly decreased at ischemic side in Groups 2-5 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). And the cerebral expression of MAP2,plasma volume of cerebral tissues, diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel significantly increased at the ischemic side (all P＜0. 05). However, there were no significant differences in the abovementioned parameters at ischemic side among Groups 2, 3 and 4 (all P ＞0. 05). The parameters of NDS,cerebral infarct severity, cerebral expression of MAP2 and plasma volume of cerebral tissues in the ischemic side significantly increased in Group 5 compared with Groups 1,2,3 and 4 (all P ＜ 0. 05). The diameter and segment length of cerebral microvessel at ischemic side were not different among Groups 2,3,4 and 5 (all P＞0. 05). Conclusion In focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, ischemic, remote ischemic and naloxone postconditioning may produce significant neuroprotective effects of reduced cerebral infarct severity and improved neurologic dysfunctions. A combination of three postconditioning approaches enhances the above neuroprotective effects.     

心脏缺血预处理与后处理的临床应用

心脏缺血预处理与后处理可减少心肌缺血再灌注损伤。心脏缺血预处理可提高心肌缺血耐受能力、减少心肌梗死面积、保护内皮细胞功能、降低术后室性心律失常发生率、减少术后正性肌力药物的使用和重症监护室驻留时间,心脏缺血后处理可减少心肌细胞凋亡并促进左心室收缩功能恢复。文章对心脏缺血预处理与后处理的临床作用、主要机制和影响因素进行综述。     

远隔缺血后处理对脑保护作用机制的研究进展

缺血性脑卒中是一种具有高致残率、高致死率和高复发率的疾病。虽然目前血管内介入技术及溶栓药物的应用可有效缓解多数患者的临床症状,实现很好的临床转归,但其带来的缺血再灌注损伤也不容忽视,研究者们经过不懈努力,最终发现缺血后处理,尤其是远隔缺血后处理能够显著减轻脑缺血/再灌注损伤,通过减轻氧化应激损伤、触发自我吞噬、抑制细胞凋亡、激活信号通路或开放离子通道途径、调控NO相关途径等机制实现脑神经保护作用,本文就上述具体机制进行系统综述。     

缺血预处理和缺血后处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的:比较缺血预处理和缺血后处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注时神经功能缺损及MMP-9表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为四组,分别是假手术组(S组),缺血再灌注组(I/R组),缺血预处理组(IPC组)和缺血后处理组(IPost组),观察各组神经行为学,测定脑组织含水量、TTC染色观察脑梗死体积,免疫组化染色测定脑组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达。结果 :与S组相比,I/R组大鼠的神经功能损害评分明显升高,脑组织出现大面积梗死,且脑组织含水量明显增加,MMP-9的表达升高;而IPC组及IPost组大鼠的经功能损害较I/R组有明显改善,且脑组织梗死面积减小,脑组织含水量降低,MMP-9的表达强度降低。结论:缺血预处理及缺血后处理均能降低大鼠脑缺血再灌注大脑损伤,改善大鼠的神经行为学。     

远程缺血预适应与心脏缺血后处理对心脏瓣膜置换患者的心肌保护作用

目的:探究远程缺血预适应(RPC)及心脏缺血后处理(IPO)对重症心脏瓣膜置换患者体外循环(CPB)后心肌缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)的心肌保护作用。方法:将择期行心脏瓣膜置换术的80例重症患者随机分为实验组1(实施RPC操作)、实验组2(实施IPO操作)、实验组3(叠加实施RPC和IPO操作)和对照组(空白对照组,不实施任何干预),每组各20例。比较各组主动脉阻断时间、CPB时间、手术时间、心脏自动复跳率、心脏除颤次数;记录术前和术后48 h内各组中心静脉压(CVP)、肺动脉压(PAP)、肺毛细血管压(PCWP)、心脏指数(CI)等血流动力学指标以及肌钙蛋白-T(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)、B型利钠肽(BNP)水平;比较各组重症监护室(ICU)住院时间、脱离呼吸机支持时间、主要并发症发生率、平均住院日及平均住院费用。结果:各实验组心脏自动复跳率均高于对照组、心脏除颤次数均少于对照组、术后各时间点PAP、PCWP、CI、CTnI、CKMB、BNP水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);各实验组之间上述指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组ICU停留时间、脱离呼吸机支持时间及平均住院日均短于对照组(P<0.05);主要并发症发生率低于对照组、平均住院费用少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在成人重症瓣膜置换术中,RPC和IPO均可明显减轻心肌损伤,改善患者预后,降低手术并发症风险,且二者心肌保护作用无明显差别,无叠加效应。     

远隔缺血预处理在多脏器损伤保护中的临床应用及进展

远隔缺血预处理（remote ischemic preconditioning,RIPC）指在远隔器官如肢体实施短暂的缺血预刺激,提高其他重要靶器官对随后的致死性缺血损伤的耐受能力,同时产生保护重要器官的作用。动物研究已证实RIPC可减轻多种器官缺血再灌注损伤,越来越多的临床研究关注RIPC在保护远端器官损伤中的应用,并证实其在复杂心脏手术、腹主动脉瘤切除术、肾移植手术等发挥一定程度的重要脏器保护作用,减轻高危手术患者的神经元、肠和肺的损伤等。RIPC有望成为未来改善重要靶器官缺血再灌注损伤的重要治疗策略。     

肢体远隔缺血期适应联合后适应促进大鼠缺血性脑卒中模型神经发生的作用及机制

目的 探讨肢体远隔缺血期适应(per-conditioning,PerC)联合后适应(post-conditioning,PostC)对缺血性脑卒中后神经再生的作用,并明确PerC联合PostC对脂肪酸β-氧化(fatty acid β-oxidation,FAO)限速酶——肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶(carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A,CPT1A)的影响。方法 对成年雄性SD大鼠进行大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)造模,MCAO模型后30 min进行肢体远隔缺血期适应治疗(PerC),再灌注24 h后重复进行肢体远隔缺血适应(PostC),1次/d,直到取材。再灌注14 d后对大鼠进行神经功能评分,通过免疫组织化学染色检测室管膜下区(subependymal ventricular zone, SVZ)神经再生情况,通过酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测CPT1A的表达。结果 与MCAO组及PerC/PostC组比较,PerC+PostC组大鼠,身体不对称运动行为评分降低,神经干细胞的数量以及向梗死区迁移的细胞数量增加。Pearson相关性分析显示,神经干细胞的数量与神经功能呈负相关(r=-0.917 9, P<0.0001)。然而,迁移到基底节区的神经干细胞的凋亡数量在各组之间差异无统计学意义。机制研究显示,PerC+PostC组CPT1A的蛋白水平显著增加。结论 PerC联合PostC治疗能够通过增加神经干细胞的数量改善神经功能,神经干细胞的脂肪酸氧化可能是其促进神经干细胞迁移的机制之一。     

远端缺血预适应的临床实践探索

远端缺血预适应(RIPC)是近些年新兴起的一种临床治疗新方法、新技术。它是用血压计袖带或压力治疗仪,在患者的四肢某部位施加一定压力,造成缺血处理后,诱导其机体内部产生一种强大的多器官保护机制,以避免、抵抗或缓解今后发生的严重,甚至致死的心脑血管缺血事件。本文以中西医融合观,阐明了远端缺血预适应的发现和认知的历程,重点是通过大量病例探索它在临床上的实用价值和对某些疾病疗效的评估。结果表明,远端缺血预适应对医学无法解释的症状、临界高血压、轻型高血压,单独使用,疗效较好;对稳定型心绞痛,作为辅助治疗,效果满意;远端缺血预适应长期使用,对改善慢性病患者的一般情况有益。本文结合国内外实验室和临床的丰富资料,对远端缺血预适应的作用机理进行了深入探讨,梳理了其适应证、禁忌证和须注意的事项,草拟了远端缺血预适应的使用方法。