乌药提取物对豚鼠离体回肠的影响

目的观察乌药提取物对豚鼠离体回肠的影响。方法采用离体实验方法,以正常、乙酰胆碱、氯化钡、肾上腺素负荷为研究模型。结果乌药挥发油、乌药水提液、乌药水煎液、乌药醇提液能显著抑制豚鼠离体回肠自发活动,且对乙酰胆碱、氯化钡所致的回肠痉挛有显著拮抗作用。乌药挥发油能使先用肾上腺素而紧张性降低的豚鼠离体回肠进一步松弛。结论乌药提取物对豚鼠离体回肠具有一定调节作用。     

连钱草提取物对豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌运动的影响

目的：观察连钱草提取物对豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法：以豚鼠肠道活动力为指标，观察不同浓度的连钱草提取物对回肠平滑肌收缩的影响。结果：连钱草水提物(0．05mg／ml，0．1mg／ml，0．2mg／ml，0．3mg／ml)能够显著兴奋豚鼠回肠的自发活动，使收缩力加强，对阿托品、肾上腺素引起的回肠收缩减弱均有拮抗作用，对盐酸异丙嗪引起的回肠收缩减弱无拮抗作用。连钱草醇提物(0．05mg／ml，0．1mg／ml，0．2mg／ml，0．3mg／ml)能够显著抑制豚鼠回肠的自发活动，使收缩力减弱，对乙酰胆碱、组胺、BaCl2引起的回肠收缩加强均有拮抗作用。结论：连钱草水提物具有兴奋豚鼠回肠平滑肌的作用，这种作用可能由胃肠道的胆碱受体和肾上腺素受体介导，而与组胺受体无关。连钱草醇提物能抑制豚鼠回肠运动，这种作用可能由胃肠道的胆碱受体和组胺受体介导,或直接作用于回肠平滑肌细胞。     

川芎嗪对吗啡依赖离体豚鼠回肠戒断收缩的影响

目的观察中药川芎的主要成分川芎嗪对吗啡依赖离体豚鼠回肠催促戒断反应的影响,评价川芎嗪对吗啡依赖豚鼠回肠的作用。方法采用豚鼠回肠体外孵育方法。催促戒断收缩由1μmol/L纳络酮加入已在含3μmol/L吗啡的37.5℃Krebs液中孵育4 h的离体豚鼠回肠引起。分别在给予纳络酮前、后1 min加入不同浓度的盐酸川芎嗪,观察豚鼠回肠的收缩反应。结果川芎嗪100,200,300μmol/L对正常回肠收缩未见明显影响。当川芎嗪100,200,300μmol/L在加入纳洛酮前1 min给药,纳洛酮催促的回肠戒断性收缩被明显抑制,与吗啡依赖对照组相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。川芎嗪200,300μmol/L在加入纳洛酮后1 min给药,对戒断性收缩也有明显抑制作用。结论川芎嗪对纳洛酮催促的吗啡依赖豚鼠离体回肠戒断性收缩的形成有抑制作用,对已出现的戒断收缩也有明显阻断作用。提示川芎嗪具有抑制吗啡戒断症状的作用。     

广西山油柑叶提取物对小鼠离体肠平滑肌的影响

目的:观察广西山油柑叶提取物对小鼠离体肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法:通过小鼠离体肠段实验,观察不同浓度的山油柑叶提取物对小鼠正常离体肠收缩活动的影响和对Ach和BaCl2引起离体肠兴奋的拮抗作用.结果:山油柑叶提取物在终浓度为1～12 mg生药/ml浓度范围内,在给药后的15 min内均能显著降...     

高良姜超临界萃取物对兔离体肠管解痉作用机机的研究

目的:离体实验从胆碱能通路探讨高良姜超临界萃取物对肠道的解痉作用机制.方法:用Magnus离体肠管累积剂量法观察高良姜超临界萃取物对兔离体肠管作用的量效关系,及其对不同浓度乙酰胆碱所致兔肠管痉挛的影响.结果:离良姜超临界萃取物对兔离体肠管收缩的抑制作用呈一定的量效关系,表现出非竞争性拮抗乙酰胆碱的作用.     

高良姜总黄酮对大鼠实验性胃溃疡模型的影响

目的:研究高良姜总黄酮对大鼠胃溃疡模型的影响.方法:采用水浸拘束应激、幽门结扎型、口服乙醇胃粘膜损伤三种胃溃疡模型观察高良姜总黄酮对大鼠急性胃溃疡的预防作用,并通过乙酸烧灼法模型观察高良姜总黄酮对慢性溃疡的治疗作用,用化学测定法测定高良姜总黄酮对大鼠胃液、胃酸量的影响;麦特氏毛细玻管法测胃蛋白酶活性.结果:高良姜总黄酮高、中、低剂量组对四种溃疡模型均有较好的保护作用,可使大鼠的溃疡指数明显降低,能降低大鼠胃液量和总酸排出量,降低胃蛋白酶活性.结论:高良姜总黄酮对大鼠急、慢性溃疡形成均有明显的抑制作用,对胃酸分泌也有一定的抑制作用.     

连翘对豚鼠离体回肠运动的影响

目的:观察连翘对豚鼠离体肠管运动的影响,以期探讨其止呕作用的机制。方法:以呕吐相关受体激动剂为工具药,利用离体恒温浴槽,观察连翘对豚鼠离体回肠收缩的影响。结果:连翘能够抑制离体肠管的自发活动,表现为收缩张力降低,并呈剂量依赖性关系。乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,Ach)、组织胺(histamine,His)、五羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)能够兴奋肠管,使张力升高、振幅变大,连翘高(10 g·L-1)、中(5 g·L-1)、低(2 g·L-1)剂量均能抑制以上3种工具药所致肠管收缩,降低其收缩张力和振幅,但对频率无明显影响。多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能够抑制肠管收缩,表现为张力降低、振幅变小,连翘高剂量和中剂量能够拮抗DA的肠管松弛作用,使张力升高、振幅变大;连翘低剂量能够进一步使张力降低,但使振幅增大。结论:连翘可以抑制豚鼠回肠运动,其机制可能是通过阻断肠平滑肌上的M受体、H1受体、5-HT受体和D2受体,也可能是对肠管的直接抑制作用,其止呕机制尚待进一步深入研究。     

广枣总黄酮对离体大鼠心脏cAMP含量和腺苷酸环化酶活性的影响

为探讨广枣总黄酮（TFC）抗心律失常的作用机制,采用竞争性蛋白结合分析法,测定心肌组织cAMP含量和腺苷酸环化酶（AC）活性,结果表明,TFC50,100,200ug/ml均可明显抑制离体大鼠心肌组织中的AC活性,TF100mg/L可使CAMP含量明显下降。     

厚朴、枳实煎剂对兔离体回肠运动的影响

目的:探讨厚朴、枳实对兔离体回肠平滑肌张力的影响.方法:采用Magnus实验装置,用BL-410生物信号采集分析系统记录回肠张力变化曲线,待活动稳定后记录5分钟作为对照,然后观察药物对其作用40分钟的曲线变化并与对照组比较.结果:分别给厚朴、枳实煎剂后,回肠平滑肌收缩的张力明显增加,与给药前比较差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);厚朴与枳实比较,增强回肠平滑肌张力作用有显著性差异(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),厚朴升高率约为枳实的2.36倍.厚朴、枳实加强回肠平滑肌张力作用可选择性被心得安所阻断.结论:厚朴、枳实两种药都具有促进回肠蠕动作用.其作用机理一部分可能是通过选择性阻断回肠平滑肌β受体所介导.     

陈皮和青皮对兔离体肠肌运动的影响

目的:研究比较陈皮、青皮不同部位对家兔离体肠肌的影响,探索造成两药功效差异的物质基础。方法:采用离体肠肌实验,用生物机能分析系统记录陈皮、青皮水煎液、总黄酮及挥发油部位对正常肠肌及加入工具药后肠肌的影响,采集肠肌的振幅与频率,计算出各抑制率。结果:陈皮、青皮各部位对正常肠肌均有明显的抑制作用。青皮水煎液的抑制作用强于陈皮水煎液(P<0.01),陈皮挥发油的抑制作用强于青皮挥发油(P<0.01),青皮总黄酮的抑制作用强于陈皮总黄酮(P<0.05)。两药各部位均能拮抗乙酰胆碱引起的兔离体十二指肠痉挛性收缩,并能使先用阿托品而紧张性降低的兔离体肠肌进一步松弛,振幅进一步减弱。结论:陈皮、青皮在功效上的差异是多成分综合作用的结果,而不是单一成分作用的结果。     

麸煨肉豆蔻不同提取物对大鼠离体肠平滑肌的影响

目的研究麸煨肉豆蔻不同提取物对大鼠离体肠管自发活动的影响。方法采用RM6240B多道生理信号采集处理系统及大鼠离体十二指肠平滑肌进行实验,观察麸煨肉豆蔻不同提取物对离体肠运动功能的影响。结果麸煨肉豆蔻挥发油、醇提物、醇提物的石油醚提取物及乙酸乙酯提取物对离体大鼠十二指肠自主运动有抑制作用,抑制率分别为51.2%、29.2%、47.8%和59.2%(P<0.01);水提物、正丁醇提取物及醇提取物萃取后的水层无抑制作用。结论麸煨肉豆蔻的挥发油、醇提物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯提取物可能为麸煨肉豆蔻止泻的有效部位。     

高良姜水提和醇提样品液解酒效果比较研究

目的：比较研究高良姜水提样品液和醇提样品液的解酒效果及对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：第1天小鼠均用52℃红星二锅头白酒0．14mL／10g体重灌胃,造成小鼠急性酒精中毒,灌酒30min后,模型组给予蒸馏水,其余各组给予相应的药物,灌胃体积为0．2mL／10g体重,检测指标为小鼠在金属网上的攀附时间,研究药物的解酒作用。第2天至第6天小鼠给酒造模3h后给药,造成小鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,检测指标为血清中GPT（谷丙转氨酶）的活性,研究药物的保肝作用。结果：高良姜水提样品液和醇提样品液都能延长小鼠在金属网上的攀附时间,并降低酒精性肝损伤小鼠血清中GPT的活性。结诊：水提高良善的解酒效果和保肝效果均优干醇提高良善．     

Inhibitory effects of quercetin on guinea-pig ileum contractions

The inhibitory effect of quercetin on the guinea-pig ileum contractile responses was examined to further clarify its mechanism of action. Quercetin inhibited, from doses of 5 μM , the spontaneous phasic contractions of the guinea-pig ileum, as well as the phasic and tonic components of either acetylcholine- or KCl-elicited contractions, in a dose-dependent way. The former effect was reversible and was unaffected by nicotinic blockade. The tonic component of the contractions was more responsive to quercetin than the phasic component. The inhibition of the tonic contraction was, at least partially, due to the blockade of calcium channels by quercetin, since increasing calcium concentration in the tissue bath reversed the inhibition when the organ was contracted by KCl. Quercetin may also interfere with calcium release from intracellular stores, since it inhibited acetylcholine-elicited phasic contraction even in a calcium-free solution. Finally, quercetin shifted the concentration-response curves to carbachol downwards, without modifying the ED₅₀ of the agonist, whereas the concentration-response curves to CaCl₂ were shifted downwards and to the right. In conclusion, quercetin inhibits the contractile responses of guinea-pig ileum, decreasing the calcium concentration available for contractile machinery.     

Inhibitory effects of the sesquiterpene T-cadinol on contractile responses in the isolated guinea-pig ileum

The smooth muscle relaxing effect of the sesquiterpene T-cadinol, isolated from scented myrrh (resin of Commiphora guidottii Chiov., Burseraceae), was investigated. The compound inhibited the contractile responses in the isolated guinea-pig ileum to histamine, carbachol, Ba²⁺ and K⁺ in a concentration dependent and reversible manner. The antagonism of the receptor-mediated contractions induced by histamine and carbachol was not of a competitive type. The contractions induced by Ba²⁺- and K⁺ were somewhat more sensitive to the action of T-cadinol than the receptor mediated contractions. It is suggested that the compound may interfere with a step of the contraction sequence common to all four spasmogens.     

Mechanism of action of the aqueous seed extract of Mucuna pruriens on the guinea-pig ileum

The hot water extract (HWE) of the seed of Mucuna pruriens dose-dependently contracted the guinea-pig ileum. The ED₅₀ and pD₂ values for the HWE was lower than those of ACh and histamine. Cyproheptadine and promethazine (10 ng/mL) significantly antagonized the effects of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and HWE. Atropine blocked the effect of ACh and partially blocked the HWE. The calcium channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil both blocked the effects of all the agonists including HWE. These results suggest that the HWE contains potent histamine receptor stimulants or principles as it was blocked by low doses of H₁ receptor blockers. It appears that stimulation of the receptors leads to influx of calcium since the effect was also blocked by nifedipine and verapamil. It is likely that it also stimulates muscarinic receptors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differential antagonistic effect of hydroalcoholic extract from Hymenaea martiana hayne arzeik on kinin and other agonist-induced contractions of the isolated rat uterus and Guinea-pig ileum

This study was undertaken to evaluate the action of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE) from the bark of Hymenaea martiana on bradykinin (BK), lysyl-bradykinin (L-BK), acetylcholine (ACh), angiotensin II (AII), prostaglandin F_2a (PGF_2a), serotonin (5-HT), oxytocin (Ot) and histamine (His)-induced contractions of the isolated rat uterine muscle and guinea-pig ileum. The HE (50–200 μg/mL) added to the bath for 20 min caused a concentration-dependent rightward displacement of BK, L-BK and ACh-induced contractions in the rat uterus, allied to a discrete but significant reduction of maximal responses to the latter two agonists. By contrast, at the same range of concentrations the HE antagonized in a concentration-dependent but noncompetitive manner the contractions induced by AII, but only at high concentrations (200 μg/mL) it significantly inhibited contractions evoked by both PGF_2a and Ot, while contractile responses induced by 5-HT were not affected. In the guinea-pig ileum, the HE of H. martiana (50 and 100 μg/ml) caused a discrete rightward displacement of the BK and ACh concentration—response curves. Higher concentrations of the HE of H. martiana (200 μg/mL) caused a marked depression of BK and ACh-induced maximal responses. These findings show that the active principle(s) presents in the HE from the bark of H. martiana exhibits an interesting pharmacological profile against several neurotransmitter-induced contractions in nonvascular smooth muscles. Such actions may be relevant for supporting, at least in part, the use of this plant in folk medicine.     

Effects of Olea europaea L. extract on the rat isolated ileum and trachea

The effects of an Olea europaea L. dried leaf extract containing 3.2% of oleuropein were investigated on the rat isolated ileum and trachea. On basal tone rat isolated ileum, Olea europaea L. extract was shown to produce a dual effect characterized by a contraction at low doses (10^?7-10^?4g/mL) and a relaxation at high doses (3.10^?4-10^?3g/mL). The extract induced contractile effect was found to involve at least histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and thromboxane A₂. On precontracted rat isolated ileum, the extract only induced a relaxation that was not modified by nifedipine, diltiazem, dipyridamone, verapamil or papaverine (10^?6 M). The effects of the extract were also studied on the rat isolated trachea. On basal tone organs, Olea europaea L. extract did not produce any effect, whereas, when basal tone was raised by acetylcholine (ACh 10^?3 M), the drug caused a relaxation (maximal effect 39.01% ± 5.40%) of the response to theophylline; (3.10 ± 10^?3M n = 15). It is suggested that the induced relaxation is consecutive to an increase of intracellular 3′5′ cAMP.     

The effect of papaverine on acute opiate withdrawal in guinea pig ileum

In the present work the effect of papaverine, a non specific smooth muscle relaxant, was investigated on the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal contracture of the acute morphine-dependent guinea-pig ileum in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of papaverine was also considered on DAGO (highly selective mu -agonist) and U50-488H (highly selective k-agonist) withdrawal to test whether the possible interaction of papaverine on opioid withdrawal involves mu - and/or k-opioid receptors. Following a 4 min in vitro exposure to opioid agonist, the guinea-pig isolated ileum exhibited a strong contracture after the addition of naloxone. Papaverine treatment (1 x 10(-7) - 5 x 10(-7) - 1 x 10(-6) M) before or after the opioid agonists was able of both preventing and reversing the naloxone-induced contracture after exposure to mu (morphine and DAGO) or k (U50-488H) opiate agonists in a concentration-dependent fascion. Both acetylcholine response and electrical stimulation were not affected by papaverine treatment whereas the final opiate withdrawal was still reduced. The results of the present study indicate that papaverine was able to produce significative influence on the opiate withdrawal in vitro and papaverine was able to exert its effect both at mu and k opioid agonists.     

Pharmacological activity of a procyanidin isolated from Sclerocarya birrea bark: Antidiarrhoeal activity and effects on isolated guinea-pig ileum

The antidiarrhoeal activity of a procyanidin isolated from the bark of Sclerocarya birrea was studied, using four models of experimentally induced diarrhoea in rats. The cathartic agents used were: magnesium sulphate, castor oil, arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E₂. At doses of 150 mg/kg, the procyanidin showed antidiarrhoeal activity in all the models of experimentally induced diarrhoea. The procyanidin (2.5 μg/mL-0.64 mg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited the phasic contractions of the isolated guinea-pig ileum spontaneous activity; this inhibition was significantly reduced by hexamethonium (10^?4 M ). It also modified the dose-response curves to acetylcholine in a non-competitive way, and relaxed, in a dose-dependent manner, the contractions induced by acetylcholine (10^?7 M ) and KCI (50 mM ), being five times more potent against acetylcholine. The procyanidin modified the biphasic mechanical response evoked by acetylcholine (10^?7 M ) in isolated guinea-pig ileum, inhibiting the phasic response more profoundly than the tonic one. It is concluded that the antidiarrhoeal activity of the procyanidin isolated from S. birrea bark is related to an inhibition in intestinal motility. The way in which it produces this inhibition can be related to an interference with the subsequent events evoked after muscarinic stimulation.     

天麻素对离体蟾蜍心脏活动影响的实验研究

目的：研究天麻素对离体蟾蜍心率和心脏收缩幅度的影响。方法：采用斯氏法制备离体蟾蜍心脏标本,用BL-410生物机能实验系统观察记录心率和心脏的收缩幅度的变化。结果：天麻素浓度为20μg／ml时,可使离体蟾蜍心率增加（P〉0．05）,但是不具有统计学意义;而随着浓度从40ug/ml增加至100ug／ml时,心率明显降低（P〈0．05）,有统计学意义。天麻素浓度从20ug／nd增加到100ug／ml时,心脏的收缩幅度明显增加（P〈0．05）,有显著差异;但是浓度为100ug／ml时,心脏收缩幅度反而降低,与分别加入60ug／ml、80ug／ml天麻素比较有显著差异,P〈0．01;但是与正常组相比不具有统计学意义P〉0．05。结论：在一定浓度范围内天麻素具有降低心率,增加心脏收缩幅度的作用。