射频消融在肝脏肿瘤治疗中的应用评价

目的:探讨射频消融(radio frequency ablation,RFA)在肝脏肿瘤治疗中的应用价值。方法:郑州大学第一附属医院肝胆外科105例肝脏肿瘤行射频消融治疗患者,其中肝血管瘤患者36例,原发性肝癌患者57例,转移性肝癌12例,通过术前及术后影像学检查对比评价射频消融治疗效果。结果:肝血管瘤患者术后完全消融率为97.2%(35/36);原发性肝癌完全消融率为96.5%(55/57);转移性肝癌完全消融率为91.7%(11/12)。恶性肿瘤患者术后随访,原发性肝癌复发率为22.8%(13/57);转移性肝癌复发率为33.3%(4/12)。结论:射频消融对于肝脏肿瘤是一种行之有效并具有明显优势的治疗方法,具有重要的临床价值。     

射频消融治疗肝癌及护理

虽然近年来肝切除术有了很大的发展,但仍有许多原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌患者无法通过手术切除肿瘤.射频消融治疗(radiofrequency ablation)肝脏肿瘤,特别是小肿瘤被看作是有广阔前景的治疗方法,其治疗结果已经得到肯定: 射频消融治疗仪一般是由射频消融源、测控单元、消融电极、外电极和计算机五个部分组成.     

肝动脉、门静脉栓塞化疗联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的 探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗、门静脉栓塞化疗及射频消融治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的临床价值.方法 对2001年3月至2005年6月间58例不能手术切除的肝癌分别行肝动脉栓塞化疗(30例)或肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮门静脉栓塞化疗及射频消融(28例).结果 两组病人治疗后1年及2年生存率差异(P<0.05)、肿瘤缩小率差异(P<0.01)和ATP转阴率差异(P<0.05)均有统计学意义.结论 对不能手术切除的肝癌,肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮门静脉栓塞化疗及射频消融能显著提高肿瘤缩小率、ATP转阴率及生存率.     

肝动脉、门静脉栓塞化疗联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的:探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗、门静脉栓塞化疗及射频消融治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的临床价值.方法:对58例不能手术切除的肝癌分别行肝动脉栓塞化疗(30例)和肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮门静脉栓塞化疗及射频消融(28例).结果:两组病人治疗后1年及2年生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肿瘤缩小率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);ATP转阴率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:对不能手术切除的肝癌,肝动脉栓塞化疗联合经皮门静脉栓塞化疗及射频消融能显著提高肿瘤缩小率、ATP转阴率及生存率.     

转移性肝癌射频消融治疗的超声造影评价

目的探讨超声造影评价转移性肝癌射频消融治疗的近期消融效果的价值。方法回顾性分析转移性肝癌射频消融治疗患者43例(56个病灶)的近期随访资料,包括病灶的超声造影与增强CT检查、实验室检查和临床表现等,比较分析超声造影与增强CT检查所见及对肿瘤灭活程度的判断情况。结果超声造影显示56个病灶中47个造影灌注各期均无增强,9个病灶边缘少部分组织在动脉期不规则增强,内部大部分组织在各期均无增强;增强CT显示56个病灶中49个造影灌注各期均无增强,7个病灶边缘少部分组织在动脉期不规则增强,内部大部分组织在各期均无增强。超声造影与增强CT对转移性肝癌射频消融治疗后病灶灭活程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.788);对灭活效果的判定具有较高的一致性(K=0.635,P<0.001)。结论超声造影可以较准确检查转移性肝癌射频消融的肿瘤灭活范围和发现残留病灶,具有与增强CT评价肝癌射频消融治疗近期疗效的相似效果。     

原发性肝癌射频消融后针道出血的影响因素分析及防治经验总结

目的:分析原发性肝癌射频消融后针道出血的影响因素.总结针道出血的预防及处理经验,提高防治水平.方法:回顾1999年12月至2008年1月间我院1 567例次原发性肝癌患者射频消融的临床资料,分析发生针道出血患者的影响因素,总结防治经验.结果:1 567例次射频消融后共有与穿刺损伤有关的针道出血17例,针道出血发生率1.08%.单因素分析显示射频前肝硬化较重、血小板计数低于正常、凝血酶原时间(PT)明显延长、位于包膜下及使用注水式射频电极者更容易发生射频后针道出血(P分别为0.012、0.039、0.023、0.032、0.016).Logistic多因素回归分析则显示,射频前的血小板计数和PT值、肝硬化程度以及肿瘤部位是针道出血的独立影响因素(分别为OR=4.032,P=0.040;OR=5.611,P=0.009;OR=3.871,P=0.046及OR=5.216,P=0.026).17例针道出血中,5例仅接受内科药物止血,10例经股动脉穿刺行肝动脉造影栓塞止血,4例行开腹手术止血.共13例存活,4例死亡.结论:对于存在严重肝硬化、凝血机制障碍、位于包膜下等针道出血高危因素者应严格把握适应证,射频后密切观察病情;DSA下血管栓塞或外科手术止血是伴有肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者射频消融后针道出血安全而有效的处理方法.     

两种射频消融方法治疗原发性肝癌的疗效分析

目的:对照比较开腹手术中射频消融与经皮射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法:将79例原发性肝癌患者分为开腹射频消融与经皮射频消融治疗,并对所有患者进行24月的术后随访,比较两组患者的生存率。结果:本组经皮射频消融治疗的41患者,术前AFP升高者36例,术后33例降至正常,2年内14例(34.2%)肿瘤复发,外科手术中经肝包膜进针射频消融治疗的38例患者,36例术前AFP升高,术后35例降至正常,2年内7例(18.4%)患者肿瘤复发(P0.05);经皮射频消融治疗后感染和出血的发生率分别为4.9%和2.4%,开腹射频消融治疗后感染和出血发生率分别为5.3%和7.9%;经皮射频消融治疗组1年和2年生存率分别为78.1%和65.9%,开腹射频消融治疗组则分别为92.1%和81.2%(P0.05)。结论:射频消融术治疗肝癌后患者肝功能有不同程度的受损,应注意保护。开腹经肝包膜射频消融术后肿瘤复发率低,术后无瘤生存时间延长。     

TACE联合CT引导下射频消融治疗特殊部位小肝癌

目的 评价肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合CT引导下射频消融治疗特殊部位小肝癌的安全性和疗效.方法 2008年6月至2011年12月在中山大学附属第三医院行TACE联合CT引导下射频消融治疗并随访时间超过6个月的36例小肝癌患者.按肿瘤部位,分为特殊部位组(肿瘤位于肝包膜下、肝门区、大血管或重要脏器旁)20例,非特殊部位组16例.所有患者均在TACE后4～6周行射频消融术,联合治疗后1个月随访CT或MRI增强检查,评价肿瘤完全消融率,此后每1～3个月随访CT或MRI增强检查,评价局部肿瘤进展.比较两组患者并发症发生率、肿瘤完全消融率、局部肿瘤进展率及至肿瘤进展时间(TTP).结果 特殊部位组20例22个病灶,共行TACE 24次,消融治疗26次;非特殊部位组16例17个病灶,共行TACE18次,消融治疗17次.并发症:特殊部位组发生率为46.2％ (12/26),其中严重并发症1例,为左心衰,轻微并发症11例,包括血管损伤6例,肝包膜下出血3例,肝动-静脉瘘2例;非特殊部位组发生率为17.6％(3/17)(P=0.101),均为轻微并发症,包括肝包膜下出血l例、肝动-静脉瘘2例.特殊部位组肿瘤完全消融率为68.2％ (15/22),而非特殊部位组为100％(17/17)(P=0.012).特殊部位组6个月、1、2、3年局部肿瘤进展率分别为31.8％、40.9％、45.5％、45.5％,平均TTP为14.4个月;而非特殊部位组6个月、1、2、3年局部肿瘤进展率分别为0、0、0、5.9％,平均TTP为31.5个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P =0.001).结论 TACE联合CT引导下射频消融治疗特殊部位小肝癌安全、可行,但术后局部肿瘤进展率较高,需要密切的影像学随访,及时发现肿瘤残留或复发.     

应用彩色多普勒超声在肝脏肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在原发性肝癌、转移性肝癌及肝血管瘤鉴别诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)及彩色能量多普勒血流图(PDI),结合脉冲多普勒频谱(PD)对15例原发性肝癌,10例转移性肝癌及20例肝血管瘤进行研究,比较原发性肝癌、转移性肝癌及肝血管瘤之间的CDFI影像学差异及特点.结果 CDFI对原发性肝癌、转移性肝癌及肝血管瘤中血流对病灶内显示率有显著差异性(P＜0.01).结论 我们认为CDFI在肝脏肿瘤鉴别诊断中有重要的临床应用价值,值得推广应用.     

水分离技术在CT引导特殊位置肝肿瘤微波消融治疗中的应用

目的 探讨水分离技术在CT引导特殊位置(距离胃肠、胆囊、心脏、肾、膈肌等脏器或组织≤5 mm)肝癌微波消融治疗过程中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院经CT引导下水分离技术辅助消融治疗的肝肿瘤患者的临床资料.28例患者术前均经增强CT扫描明确肿瘤位置,其中邻近胃肠道10例,胆囊5例,心脏4例,肾2例,膈肌7例,在CT引导下直接穿刺向腹腔内注入生理盐水,将肝肿瘤患者(28例)共30个病灶与胃肠道及其他脏器、组织分离后行经皮微波消融治疗.术中观察不良反应的发生率,术后1周内复查腹部CT,观察肿瘤消融情况及腹腔出血、感染等并发症的发生率.术后1个月时复查增强CT或MRI,并定期临床随访检查,以评价治疗的安全性及治疗效果.结果 CT引导经皮穿刺注射生理盐水400～2 000 ml,28例患者均形成人工腹水,将肿瘤与邻近脏器、组织分离.30个肝癌病灶均完成了经皮CT引导下微波消融治疗.术中及术后1周内复查平扫CT均无腹腔内出血、胃肠道穿孔等并发症发生.术后1个月复查增强CT或MRI显示所有肝癌病灶完全消融.随访3～34个月28例患者均未见复发及新发病灶.结论 水分离技术可安全有效地辅助邻近胃肠道及其他脏器肝肿瘤病灶的微波消融治疗,有较好的临床应用价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.